Provide time zone to Spring @Scheduled?

How can I configure the time zone for a Spring based @Scheduled cron job?

Background:

I have a job that executes once a day, say 2 PM, using Spring's @Scheduled annotation:

@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 14 * * *")
public void execute() {
    // do scheduled job
}

The problem is that 2 PM differs between different servers, because Spring uses on TimeZone.getDefault() internally. Moreover, the JavaDoc of TimeZone.getDefault() states that:

> Gets the default TimeZone for this host. The source of the default TimeZone may vary with implementation.

In other words, the time zone is not determined. It may depend on JVM implementation, server time zone configuration, server location, and / or other unknown factors. Consequently, the cron job triggers on different times on different servers, unless there is a way to explicitly set which time zone that should be used?

I am using Spring 3.2.2.

---

Update

As of Spring 4, Spring Jira issue SPR-10456 has been resolved. Consequently, the @Scheduled annotation has a new zone attribute for exactly this purpose.

It turned out that I could not use the @Scheduled annotation, but I implemented a work-around. In the JavaDoc of the SchedulingConfigurer it is stated that:

> [SchedulingConfigurer is] Typically used for setting a specific TaskScheduler bean to be used when executing scheduled tasks or for registering scheduled tasks in a programmatic fashion as opposed to the declarative approach of using the @Scheduled annotation.

Next, I changed the cron job to implement the Runnable interface and then updated my configuration file to implement the SchedulingConfigurer, see below:

@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
@ComponentScan("package.that.contains.the.runnable.job.bean")
public class JobConfiguration implements SchedulingConfigurer {

    private static final String cronExpression = "0 0 14 * * *";
    private static final String timeZone = "CET";

    @Autowired
    private Runnable cronJob;
    
    @Bean
    CronTrigger cronTrigger() {
        return new CronTrigger(cronExpression, TimeZone.getTimeZone(timeZone));
    }

    @Override
    public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
        taskRegistrar.addCronTask(new CronTask(job, cronTrigger()));
    }
}

Please read the JavaDoc of the @EnableScheduling for more information.

---

Update

As of Spring 4, Spring Jira issue SPR-10456 has been resolved. Consequently, the @Scheduled annotation has a new zone attribute for exactly this purpose, e.g.

@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 14 * * *", zone = "CET")
public void execute() {
    // do scheduled job
}

There is element zone in annotation @Scheduled, starting from version 4.0.

You can insert a timezone as a string that can be accepted by java.util.TimeZone.

Your code should be like this:

@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 14 * * *", zone = "GMT-5")
    public void execute() {
     // do scheduled job
}

"Zone" is gonna be the desired country's timezone.

Here is a nice tutorial about scheduled tasks with Spring:

> https://www.baeldung.com/cron-expressions

You can also use time zone with @Scheduled tag in spring-boot like this :

@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 14 * * *" , zone = "GMT+5:00")
public void execute() {
    // do the scheduled job
}

I doubt you want different jobs or parts of application to use different time zones. Assuming you want to have it all consistent and DRY, either configure OS on all servers to have consistent time zone, or set user.timezone Java system property for all of the application servers. Centrally manage configuration (OS, application server), and for that puppet and chef can be very useful.