Parse and modify a query string in .NET Core

I am given an absolute URI that contains a query string. I'm looking to safely append a value to the query string, and change an existing parameter.

I would prefer not to tack on &foo=bar, or use regular expressions, URI escaping is tricky. Rather I want to use a built-in mechanism that I know will do this correctly and handle the escaping.

I've found a ton of answers that all use HttpUtility. However this being ASP.NET Core, there is no more System.Web assembly anymore, thus no more HttpUtility.

What is the appropriate way to do this in ASP.NET Core while targeting the core runtime?

If you are using ASP.NET Core 1 or 2, you can do this with Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities.QueryHelpers in the Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities package.

If you are using ASP.NET Core 3.0 or greater, WebUtilities is now part of the ASP.NET SDK and does not require a separate nuget package reference.

To parse it into a dictionary:

var uri = new Uri(context.RedirectUri);
var queryDictionary = Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities.QueryHelpers.ParseQuery(uri.Query);

Note that unlike ParseQueryString in System.Web, this returns a dictionary of type IDictionary<string, string[]> in ASP.NET Core 1.x, or IDictionary<string, StringValues> in ASP.NET Core 2.x or greater, so the value is a collection of strings. This is how the dictionary handles multiple query string parameters with the same name.

If you want to add a parameter on to the query string, you can use another method on QueryHelpers:

var parametersToAdd = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string> { { "resource", "foo" } };
var someUrl = "http://www.google.com";
var newUri = Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities.QueryHelpers.AddQueryString(someUrl, parametersToAdd);

---

Using .net core 2.2 you can get the query string using

var request = HttpContext.Request;
var query = request.Query;
foreach (var item in query){
   Debug.WriteLine(item) 
}

You will get a collection of key:value pairs - like this

[0]	{[companyName, ]}
[1]	{[shop, ]}
[2]	{[breath, ]}
[3]	{[hand, ]}
[4]	{[eye, ]}
[5]	{[firstAid, ]}
[6]	{[eyeCleaner, ]}

The easiest and most intuitive way to take an absolute URI and manipulate it's query string using ASP.NET Core packages only, can be done in a few easy steps:

Install Packages

PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities
PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Extensions

Important Classes

Just to point them out, here are the two important classes we'll be using: QueryHelpers, StringValues, QueryBuilder.

The Code

// Raw URI including query string with multiple parameters
var rawurl = "https://bencull.com/some/path?key1=val1&key2=val2&key2=valdouble&key3=";

// Parse URI, and grab everything except the query string.
var uri = new Uri(rawurl);
var baseUri = uri.GetComponents(UriComponents.Scheme | UriComponents.Host | UriComponents.Port | UriComponents.Path, UriFormat.UriEscaped);

// Grab just the query string part
var query = QueryHelpers.ParseQuery(uri.Query);

// Convert the StringValues into a list of KeyValue Pairs to make it easier to manipulate
var items = query.SelectMany(x => x.Value, (col, value) => new KeyValuePair<string, string>(col.Key, value)).ToList();

// At this point you can remove items if you want
items.RemoveAll(x => x.Key == "key3"); // Remove all values for key
items.RemoveAll(x => x.Key == "key2" && x.Value == "val2"); // Remove specific value for key

// Use the QueryBuilder to add in new items in a safe way (handles multiples and empty values)
var qb = new QueryBuilder(items);
qb.Add("nonce", "testingnonce");
qb.Add("payerId", "pyr_");

// Reconstruct the original URL with new query string
var fullUri = baseUri + qb.ToQueryString();

To keep up to date with any changes, you can check out my blog post about this here: http://benjii.me/2017/04/parse-modify-query-strings-asp-net-core/

[HttpRequest][1] has a Query property which exposes the parsed query string via the [IReadableStringCollection][3] interface:

/// <summary>
/// Gets the query value collection parsed from owin.RequestQueryString.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The query value collection parsed from owin.RequestQueryString.</returns>
public abstract IReadableStringCollection Query { get; }

[This discussion][2] on GitHub points to it as well. [1]: https://github.com/aspnet/HttpAbstractions/blob/5bce14068164c47ce2ad12fe3354246201184bbe/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Abstractions/HttpRequest.cs [2]:https://github.com/aspnet/HttpAbstractions/issues/288 [3]:https://github.com/aspnet/HttpAbstractions/blob/5bce14068164c47ce2ad12fe3354246201184bbe/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Abstractions/IReadableStringCollection.cs

This function return Dictionary<string, string> and does not use Microsoft.xxx for compatibility

Accepts parameter encoding in both sides

Accepts duplicate keys (return last value)

var rawurl = "https://emp.com/some/path?key1.name=a%20line%20with%3D&key2=val2&key2=valdouble&key3=&key%204=44#book1";
var uri = new Uri(rawurl);
Dictionary<string, string> queryString = ParseQueryString(uri.Query);

// queryString return:
// key1.name, a line with=
// key2, valdouble
// key3, 
// key 4, 44

public Dictionary<string, string> ParseQueryString(string requestQueryString)
{
    Dictionary<string, string> rc = new Dictionary<string, string>();
    string[] ar1 = requestQueryString.Split(new char[] { '&', '?' });
    foreach (string row in ar1)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(row)) continue;
        int index = row.IndexOf('=');
        if (index < 0) continue;
        rc[Uri.UnescapeDataString(row.Substring(0, index))] = Uri.UnescapeDataString(row.Substring(index + 1)); // use Unescape only parts          
     }
     return rc;
}

It's important to note that in the time since the top answer has been flagged as correct that Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities has had a major version update (from 1.x.x to 2.x.x).

That said, if you're building against netcoreapp1.1 you will need to run the following, which installs the latest supported version 1.1.2:

Install-Package Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities -Version 1.1.2

I use this as extention method, works with any number of params:

public static string AddOrReplaceQueryParameter(this HttpContext c, params string[] nameValues)
    {
        if (nameValues.Length%2!=0)
        {
            throw new Exception("nameValues: has more parameters then values or more values then parameters");
        }
        var qps = new Dictionary<string, StringValues>();
        for (int i = 0; i < nameValues.Length; i+=2)
        {
            qps.Add(nameValues[i], nameValues[i + 1]);
        }
        return c.AddOrReplaceQueryParameters(qps);
    }

public static string AddOrReplaceQueryParameters(this HttpContext c, Dictionary<string,StringValues> pvs)
    {
        var request = c.Request;
        UriBuilder uriBuilder = new UriBuilder
        {
            Scheme = request.Scheme,
            Host = request.Host.Host,
            Port = request.Host.Port ?? 0,
            Path = request.Path.ToString(),
            Query = request.QueryString.ToString()
        };

        var queryParams = QueryHelpers.ParseQuery(uriBuilder.Query);
        
        foreach (var (p,v) in pvs)
        {
            queryParams.Remove(p);
            queryParams.Add(p, v);
        }

        uriBuilder.Query = "";
        var allQPs = queryParams.ToDictionary(k => k.Key, k => k.Value.ToString());
        var url = QueryHelpers.AddQueryString(uriBuilder.ToString(),allQPs);

        return url;
    }

Next and prev links for example in a view:

var next = Context.Request.HttpContext.AddOrReplaceQueryParameter("page",Model.PageIndex+1+"");

var prev = Context.Request.HttpContext.AddOrReplaceQueryParameter("page",Model.PageIndex-1+"");