NSURL path vs absoluteString

I've seen many questions on SO concerning converting between NSURL and NSString. They all involve using either NSString *path = [myURL absoluteString]; or NSString *path = [myURL path];. What is the actual difference between these methods? Is there a time when one should be used over the other? I tried consulting the Apple Docs, but I found it less than helpful.

I'm used to URL's only being mentioned in discussions concerning websites and other topics regarding sending information between different machines, and never being mentioned when dealing with just the file structure on a single machine. Perhaps this is where some of my confusion is coming from, since NSURL seems to be the preferred way of accessing files, regardless of whether that file exists on a network or on the local device. Or maybe that's a totally unrelated topic. I'm not even sure.

Question 1:

> What is the actual difference between these methods?

Let's analyze this writing 6 lines of code - 3 for a local and 3 for http URL - and playing around with them a little bit.

Let's create an NSURL using the file:// scheme. If you ask yourself why there are 3 / after file: you should remember that a complete URL exists of a scheme (file:// and absolute or relative path (you can find more information on creating URLs in RFC 1808 on page 3). We use an absolute path which starts with a / so that we end up with ///.

NSURL *aLocalURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"file:///Users/dennis/Desktop/"];
NSLog(@"absolute string: %@", aLocalURL.absoluteString);
NSLog(@"path: %@", aLocalURL.path);

Output:

> absolute string: file:///Users/dennis/Desktop/
path: /Users/dennis/Desktop

So we see that absoluteString still knows its scheme whereas path doesn't have this information anymore.

Note: path is a file (directory) URL and as the docs state, the trailing slash it is stripped.

---

Now let's take a look at remote URLs. With these type of URLs most people are more familiar. We create it using the same procedure as for local URLs. Our scheme is now http:// and our path is www.apple.com/.

NSURL *anHTTPURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"];	
NSLog(@"absolute string: %@", anHTTPURL.absoluteString);
NSLog(@"path: %@", anHTTPURL.path);

Output:

> absolute string: http://www.apple.com/
path: /

Again, we see that the absolute string still knows its scheme but path is now /. So path seems to be not an appropriate way when working with remote URLs.

However, when we have an URL like http://www.apple.com/index.html we get > absolute string: http://www.apple.com/index.html
path: /index.html

Reading the docs helps here, too: >Per RFC 3986, the leading slash after the authority (host name and port) portion is treated as part of the path.

So the path is everything beginning (and including) at the slash after the authority which is www.apple.com in our case.

---

Question 2

>Is there a time when one should be used over the other?

From the docs: (method: path) >If this URL object contains a file URL (as determined with isFileURL), the return value of this method is suitable for input into methods of NSFileManager or NSPathUtilities.

In my opinion that sentence states clearly that you should use path when you work with NSFileManager or NSPathUtilities.

---

Conclusion:

When you work with remote URLs you (generally) use absoluteString, otherwise the result is not what you (generally) want.
When you work with local URLs use path.

Sources:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
NSURL Class Reference

Adding to HAS' response -- the Apple docs mention that Path-based URLs are simpler in some ways, however file reference URLs have the advantage that the reference remains valid if the file is moved or renamed while your app is running.

From the documentation for "Accessing Files and Directories":

"Path-based URLs are easier to manipulate, easier to debug, and are generally preferred by classes such as NSFileManager. An advantage of file reference URLs is that they are less fragile than path-based URLs while your app is running. If the user moves a file in the Finder, any path-based URLs that refer to the file immediately become invalid and must be updated to the new path. However, as long as the file moved to another location on the same disk, its unique ID does not change and any file reference URLs remain valid."

https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/FileSystemProgrammingGuide/AccessingFilesandDirectories/AccessingFilesandDirectories.html

One further note, and I've only tried this for Swift and URL not NSURL. The relativeTo form of URL:

URL(fileURLWithPath: aPath, relativeTo: URL)

generates a URL that behaves not fully like a remote URL (as in @HAS above) and not like a file URL.

So, for example:

let url0 = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/Foo")
let url1 = URL(fileURLWithPath: "Bar", relativeTo: url0)
print("\(url1.path)")
// Output: "/Bar\n"

(similar to results for a remote URL, but not a file URL).

If we use absoluteString, we get:

print("\(url1.absoluteString)")
// Output: "file:///Bar\n"

(not similar to either a file URL or a remote URL).