You can use &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;K&lt;/kbd&gt; to cut a line, move to destination position and press &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;U&lt;/kbd&gt; to paste it.

From the [official seaborn documentation][1], I learned that you can create a boxplot as below:

    import seaborn as sns
    sns.set_style(&quot;whitegrid&quot;)
    tips = sns.load_dataset(&quot;tips&quot;)
    ax = sns.boxplot(x=&quot;day&quot;, y=&quot;total_bill&quot;, data=tips)

[![Seaborn Boxplot Example][2]][2]

My question is: how do I limit the range of y-axis of this plot? For example, I want the y-axis to be within [10, 40]. Is there any easy way to do this?


  [1]: https://stanford.edu/~mwaskom/software/seaborn/generated/seaborn.boxplot.html &quot;official seaborn documentation&quot;
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/O8ALQ.png

How to set the range of y-axis for a seaborn boxplot?

After submitting queries to a service, I get a dictionary or a list back and I want to make sure it&#39;s not empty. I using Python 2.7.

I am surprised of not having any `assertEmpty` method for the `unittest.TestCase` class instance.

The existing alternatives just don&#39;t look right: 

    self.assertTrue(bool(d))
    self.assertNotEqual(d,{})
    self.assertGreater(len(d),0)


Is this kind of a missing method  in the Python unittest framework? If yes, what would be the most *pythonic* way to assert that an iterable is not empty?

How to assert that an iterable is not empty on Unittest?

How to move a line of text up/down in [Nano linux command line editor](http://www.nano-editor.org/)? 

Is there any analogue way to do that as in [IntelliJ Idea](https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/help/adding-deleting-and-moving-lines.html#d1591098e152):

1. Place the caret at the line to be moved.
2. Do one of the following:

On the main menu, choose `Code | Move Line Up or Code | Move Line Down`.

Press &lt;kbd&gt;Shift&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;Alt&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;Up&lt;/kbd&gt; or &lt;kbd&gt;Shift&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;Alt&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;Down&lt;/kbd&gt;.

Move whole line up/down shortcut in nano (analogue to intelliJ or Visual Studio)

How to move a line of text up/down in <a href="http://www.nano-editor.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Nano linux command line editor</a>?
Is there any analogue way to do that as in <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/help/adding-deleting-and-moving-lines.html#d1591098e152" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IntelliJ Idea</a>:
<ol>
<li>Place the caret at the line to be moved.</li>
<li>Do one of the following:</li>
</ol>
On the main menu, choose <code>Code | Move Line Up or Code | Move Line Down</code>.
Press <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>Up</kbd> or <kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>Down</kbd>.

I want to create a program that will simulate an out-of-memory (OOM) situation on a Unix server. I created this super-simple memory eater:

    #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
    #include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

    unsigned long long memory_to_eat = 1024 * 50000;
    size_t eaten_memory = 0;
    void *memory = NULL;

    int eat_kilobyte()
    {
        memory = realloc(memory, (eaten_memory * 1024) + 1024);
        if (memory == NULL)
        {
            // realloc failed here - we probably can&#39;t allocate more memory for whatever reason
            return 1;
        }
        else
        {
            eaten_memory++;
            return 0;
        }
    }

    int main(int argc, char **argv)
    {
        printf(&quot;I will try to eat %i kb of ram\n&quot;, memory_to_eat);
        int megabyte = 0;
        while (memory_to_eat &gt; 0)
        {
            memory_to_eat--;
            if (eat_kilobyte())
            {
                printf(&quot;Failed to allocate more memory! Stucked at %i kb :(\n&quot;, eaten_memory);
                return 200;
            }
            if (megabyte++ &gt;= 1024)
            {
                printf(&quot;Eaten 1 MB of ram\n&quot;);
                megabyte = 0;
            }
        }
        printf(&quot;Successfully eaten requested memory!\n&quot;);
        free(memory);
        return 0;
    }

It eats as much memory as defined in `memory_to_eat` which now is exactly 50&amp;nbsp;GB of RAM. It allocates memory by 1&amp;nbsp;MB and prints exactly the point where it fails to allocate more, so that I know which maximum value it managed to eat.

The problem is that it works. Even on a system with 1&amp;nbsp;GB of physical memory.

When I check top I see that the process eats 50&amp;nbsp;GB of virtual memory and only less than 1&amp;nbsp;MB of resident memory. Is there a way to create a memory eater that really does consume it?

System specifications: Linux kernel 3.16 ([Debian][1]) most likely with overcommit enabled (not sure how to check it out) with no swap and virtualized.

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian


Why doesn&#39;t this memory eater really eat memory?

I want to send a `PING` to Redis to check if the connection is working, now I could just install `redis-cli`, but I don&#39;t want to and `curl` is already there. So how can I abuse `curl` to do that? Basically I need to turn off what&#39;s send here:

    &gt; GET / HTTP/1.1
    &gt; User-Agent: curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3
    &gt; Host: localhost:6379
    &gt; Accept: */*
    &gt; 
    -ERR wrong number of arguments for &#39;get&#39; command
    -ERR unknown command &#39;User-Agent:&#39;
    -ERR unknown command &#39;Host:&#39;
    -ERR unknown command &#39;Accept:&#39;

I was able to get rid of the `User-Agent` altogether by adding `-A &quot;&quot;`, but I can&#39;t find anything else for the rest. Any idea how I can do that?

Abuse cURL to communicate with Redis

I&#39;m trying to find files modified in last x minutes, for example in the last hour. Many forums and tutorials on the net suggest to use the find command with the -mmin option, like this:

`find . -mmin -60 |xargs ls -l`

However, this command did not work for me as expected. As you can see from the following listing, it also shows files modified earlier than 1 hour ago:

    -rw------- 1 user user   9065 Oct 28 23:13 1446070435.V902I67a5567M283852.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   1331 Oct 29 01:10 1446077402.V902I67a5b34M538793.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   1615 Oct 29 01:36 1446078983.V902I67a5b35M267251.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user  72365 Oct 29 02:27 1446082022.V902I67a5b36M873811.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user  69102 Oct 29 02:27 1446082024.V902I67a5b37M142247.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   2611 Oct 29 02:34 1446082482.V902I67a5b38M258101.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   2612 Oct 29 02:34 1446082485.V902I67a5b39M607107.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   2600 Oct 29 02:34 1446082488.V902I67a5b3aM465574.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user  10779 Oct 29 03:27 1446085622.V902I67a5b3bM110329.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   5836 Oct 29 03:27 1446085623.V902I67a5b3cM254104.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   8970 Oct 29 04:27 1446089232.V902I67a5b3dM936339.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user 165393 Oct 29 06:10 1446095400.V902I67a5b3eM290158.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user 105054 Oct 29 06:10 1446095430.V902I67a5b3fM265065.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   1615 Oct 29 06:24 1446096244.V902I67a5b40M55701.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   1620 Oct 29 06:24 1446096292.V902I67a5b41M337769.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user  10436 Oct 29 06:36 1446096973.V902I67a5b42M707215.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   7150 Oct 29 06:36 1446097019.V902I67a5b43M415731.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   4357 Oct 29 06:39 1446097194.V902I67a5b56M446687.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   4283 Oct 29 06:39 1446097195.V902I67a5b57M957052.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   4393 Oct 29 06:39 1446097197.V902I67a5b58M774506.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   4264 Oct 29 06:39 1446097198.V902I67a5b59M532213.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   4272 Oct 29 06:40 1446097201.V902I67a5b5aM534679.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user   4274 Oct 29 06:40 1446097228.V902I67a5b5dM363553.harvester
    -rw------- 1 user user  20905 Oct 29 06:44 1446097455.V902I67a5b5eM918314.harvester

Actually, it just listed all files in the current directory. We can take one of these files as an example and check if its modification time is really as displayed by the ls command:

    stat 1446070435.V902I67a5567M283852.harvester

      File: ‘1446070435.V902I67a5567M283852.harvester’
      Size: 9065      	Blocks: 24         IO Block: 4096   regular file
    Device: 902h/2306d	Inode: 108680551   Links: 1
    Access: (0600/-rw-------)  Uid: ( 1001/   user)   Gid: ( 1027/   user)
    Access: 2015-10-28 23:13:55.281515368 +0100
    Modify: 2015-10-28 23:13:55.281515368 +0100
    Change: 2015-10-28 23:13:55.313515539 +0100

As we can see, this file was definitely last modified *earlier* than 1 hour ago! I also tried `find -mmin 60` or `find -mmin +60`, but it did not work either.

Why is this happening and how to use the find command correctly?

How to find files modified in last x minutes (find -mmin does not work as expected)

I want to use `mv` to rename a file:

    mv src.txt dest.txt

If the file doesn&#39;t exist, I get an error:

    mv: cannot stat ‘src.txt’: No such file or directory

How do I use `mv` only if the file already exists?

I don&#39;t want to redirect *stderr* to `dev/null` as I&#39;d like to keep any other errors that occur

move only if file exists in a shell script

In all programming languages (that I use at least), you must open a file before you can read or write to it. 

But what does this open operation actually do?

Manual pages for typical functions dont actually tell you anything other than it &#39;opens a file for reading/writing&#39;:

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdio/fopen/

https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#open

Obviously, through usage of the function you can tell it involves creation of some kind of object which facilitates accessing a file. 

Another way of putting this would be, if I were to implement an `open` function, what would it need to do on Linux?







What does opening a file actually do?

I&#39;m in the process of cleaning up all my config files in an attempt to make them as readable as possible. I&#39;ve been looking for a style guide on the use of quotes while exporting paths in, for example, a `~/.bashrc` file:

    export PATH=&quot;/users/me/path:$PATH&quot;

vs 

    export PATH=/users/me/path:$PATH

The Google [shell style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/shellguide.html#s5.7-quoting) guide suggests avoiding quotes for path names. In contrast, a lot of the popular dotfiles repos (such as Zach Holman&#39;s [here](https://github.com/holman/dotfiles/blob/75183cecb9d7c7c4a7cf5e9301cefffd2abf8ef7/system/_path.zsh)) use quotes. Are there any situations when it is an advantage to use quotes in the path?

Should I use quotes in environment path names?

Given the following shell script, would someone be so kind as to explain the `grep -Po` regex please?

    #!/bin/bash
    # Issue the request for a bearer token, json is returned
    raw_json=`curl -s -X POST -d &quot;username=name&amp;password=secret&amp;client_id=security-admin-console&quot; http://localhost:8081/auth/realms/master/tokens/grants/access`
    # Strip away all but the &quot;access_token&quot; field&#39;s value using a Python regular expression
    bearerToken=`echo $raw_json | grep -Po &#39;&quot;&#39;&quot;access_token&quot;&#39;&quot;\s*:\s*&quot;\K([^&quot;]*)&#39;`
    echo &quot;The bearer token is:&quot;
    echo $bearerToken

So specifically, I&#39;m interested in understanding the parts of the regex

    grep -Po &#39;&quot;&#39;&quot;access_token&quot;&#39;&quot;\s*:\s*&quot;\K([^&quot;]*)&#39;`

and how it works. Why so many quotes? What is the &quot;K&quot; for? I&#39;ve some experience with grep regex but this confuses me.

This is the actual output of the curl command and the shell script (grep) works as desired returning just the contents of the &quot;access_token&quot; value.

&gt; {&quot;access_token&quot;:&quot;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.fQmQKn-xatvflHPAaxCfrrVow3ynpw0sREho7__jZo2d0g1SwZV7Lf4C26CcweNLlb3wmKHHo63HRz35qRxJ7BXyiZwHgXokvDJj13yuOb6Sirg9z02n6fwGy8Iog30pUvffnDaVnUWHfVL-h_R4-OZNf-_YUK5RcL2DHt0zUXI&quot;,&quot;expires_in&quot;:60,&quot;refresh_expires_in&quot;:1800,&quot;refresh_token&quot;:&quot;eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.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.WeiJOC1jQ52aKgnW8UN2Lv9rJ_yKZiOhijOYKLN2EEOkYF8rvRZsSKbTPFKTIUvjnwy2A7V_N-GhhJH4C-T7F5__QPNofSXbCNyvATj52jGLxk9V0Afvk-Z5QAWi55PJRTC0qteeMRcO2Frw-0KtKYe9o3UcGICJubxhZHsXBLA&quot;,&quot;token_type&quot;:&quot;bearer&quot;,&quot;id_token&quot;:&quot;eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJuYW1lIjoiIiwianRpIjoiMGIyMGI0ODctOTI4OS00YTFhLTgyNmMtM2NiOTg0MDJkMzVkIiwiZXhwIjoxNDQ2ODI4MDU5LCJuYmYiOjAsImlhdCI6MTQ0NjgyNzk5OIwouldhaveToBeNutsUiLCJwcmVmZXJyZWRfdXNlcm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsImVtYWlsX3ZlcmlmaWVkIjpmYWxzZX0.DmG8Lm4niL1djzNrLsZ2CrsB1ZzUPnR2Nm7IZnrwrmkXsrPxjl6pyXKCWSj6pbk2sgVI8NNFqrGIJmEJ7gkTZWm328VGGpJsmMuJBki0KbqBRKORGQSgkas_34rwzhcTE3Iki8h_YVs2vvNIx_eZSOvIzyEcP3IGHuBoxcR6W3E&quot;,&quot;not-before-policy&quot;:0,&quot;session-state&quot;:&quot;62efc05c-1bf5-4f55-b749-5e0eff94155b&quot;}

----- 

In case anyone finds this post, this is what I ended up using:

    if hash jq 2&gt;/dev/null; then
      # Use the jq command to safely parse json
      bearerToken=$(echo $raw_json | jq -r &#39;.access_token&#39;)
    else
      # Strip away all but the &quot;access_token&quot; field&#39;s value using a perl regular expression
      bearerToken=$(echo $raw_json | grep -Po &#39;&quot;&#39;&quot;access_token&quot;&#39;&quot;\s*:\s*&quot;\K([^&quot;]*)&#39;)
    fi



What does &#39;\K&#39; mean in this regex?

I&#39;ve installed node using `brew install node` and when I use the `node -v` I get following `v5.0.0`. However when I try to run the `npm` command I get `npm: command not found`. 

I&#39;ve tried to run `brew install npm`, however I just got following response `node-5.0.0 already installed`.

It happened with node also returning command not found, but that I fixed by running `brew link node`, however npm still does not seem to work.

How can I resolve this problem?

brew install npm &quot;npm: command not found&quot;

I have a JSON data as follows in data.json file

    [
      {&quot;original_name&quot;:&quot;pdf_convert&quot;,&quot;changed_name&quot;:&quot;pdf_convert_1&quot;},
      {&quot;original_name&quot;:&quot;video_encode&quot;,&quot;changed_name&quot;:&quot;video_encode_1&quot;},
      {&quot;original_name&quot;:&quot;video_transcode&quot;,&quot;changed_name&quot;:&quot;video_transcode_1&quot;}
    ]


I want to iterate through the array and extract the value for each element in a loop. I saw [jq][1]. I find it difficult to use it to iterate. How can I do that?


  [1]: https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/

Iterating through JSON array in Shell script

How to make something like this? (all methods collapsed by default without any hotkeys)

[![collapsed methods][1]][1]


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/FBVrj.jpg

How to make PHPStorm collapsing all methods/functions on file open?

When opening more than 10 Editor Tabs, IntelliJ automatically closes my least used Tab each time I open a new Tab.

How can I increase this limit?

More recent IntelliJ settings are accessed differently than older versions.

How do I keep IntelliJ from closing my Editor Tabs automatically?

I don&#39;t know why but sometime in Android Studio Editor, it shows **vertical line** as shown in screenshot below.

Don&#39;t know about other editor but it happens in Android Studio.

&gt; **So why it is showing and how to hide it?**

[![Android Studio shows Vertical Line in Editor][1]][1]


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/pzTp8.png

Vertical Line in Android Studio

I can&#39;t find any way to surround a selection with something in VS Code.

For example doing something like that : `text` =&gt; `&quot;text&quot;` just by selecting the word text and typing key &lt;kbd&gt;&quot;&lt;/kbd&gt;

Another example with the following text :
```
mon
tue
wed
thu
fri
sat
sun```

By selecting all of theses words :

```
mon|
tue|
wed|
thu|
fri|
sat|
sun|```

and typing &lt;kbd&gt;&quot;&lt;/kbd&gt; I would like to perform something like this :

```
&quot;mon&quot;
&quot;tue&quot;
&quot;wed&quot;
&quot;thu&quot;
&quot;fri&quot;
&quot;sat&quot;
&quot;sun&quot;```

If someone have any idea.

Thanks.

Visual Studio Code Surround With

I&#39;m using Visual Studio Code for working and I use `ctrl-P` command to search for files in my directory.


The problem appears when I want to search for another file, it opens it in the place of the first searched file, closing it.

Is any setting for avoiding this pain?

Visual Studio Code closes my file when I search for new ones

Does the Nano minimal text editor have a keyboard shortcut feature to jump to a specified line?

Vim provides several [analogs][1].


  [1]: http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Go_to_line

jump to line X in nano editor

I have deleted the [AWS credentials](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-configure-files.html) in `sudo nano ~/.aws/config`. But, the credentials are still in [`aws configure`](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-configure.html). Is there a way to reset `aws configure` with clear state?

How Do I Clear The Credentials In AWS Configure?

I&#39;m new to git and I&#39;m trying to commit my first changes on a Windows machine. However, when I type in `$git commit` it takes me to a different screen than any online tutorials show or than what is mentioned in [Pro Git][1]. No online searching yields an explanation of how to use this screen, either.

The screen looks like this: [![The git commit screen I&#39;m having trouble with][2]][2]

I have tried every key on the keyboard, but nothing seems to actually **do** the commit. Also there are all these little help options in green at the bottom of the screen that seem to be giving commands, but when I press the buttons they show it just types them into the commit message. What are those help options and how do I use them?

Everyone else seems to be using something called &quot;vim&quot; which I believe I chose not to install when installing Git because I thought the Windows console was fine.

*So how do I actually commit and what are those green commands at the bottom of the screen?* Thanks!


  [1]: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2
  [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/qobmR.png

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Blaise	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	Alvaro Gutierrez Perez	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Move whole line up/down shortcut in nano (analogue to intelliJ or Visual Studio)

Linux Problem Overview

Linux Solutions

Solution 1 - Linux

How to assert that an iterable is not empty on Unittest?

How to set the range of y-axis for a seaborn boxplot?

Attributions