    echo &quot;{$test}y&quot;;

You can use braces to remove ambiguity when interpolating variables directly in strings.

Also, this doesn&#39;t work with single quotes. So:

    echo &#39;{$test}y&#39;;

will output 

    {$test}y




You can use `{}` arround your variable, to separate it from what&#39;s after:

    echo &quot;{$test}y&quot;

As reference, you can take a look to the [**Variable parsing - Complex (curly) syntax**][1] section of the PHP manual.

  [1]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.string.php#language.types.string.parsing.complex




Example:

    $test = &quot;chees&quot;;
    &quot;${test}y&quot;;

It will output:

&gt; cheesy

It is exactly what you are looking for.



    $bucket = &#39;$node-&gt;&#39; . $fieldname . &quot;[&#39;und&#39;][0][&#39;value&#39;] = &quot; . &#39;$form_state&#39; . &quot;[&#39;values&#39;][&#39;&quot; . $fieldname . &quot;&#39;]&quot;;

    print $bucket;

yields:

    $node-&gt;mindd_2_study_status[&#39;und&#39;][0][&#39;value&#39;] = $form_state[&#39;values&#39;]
    [&#39;mindd_2_study_status&#39;]

I&#39;m a little bit confused about something. I was under the impression that the correct way of reading a C string with `scanf()` went along the lines of

(never mind the possible buffer overflow, it&#39;s just a simple example)

    char string[256];
    scanf( &quot;%s&quot; , string );

However, the following seems to work too,

    scanf( &quot;%s&quot; , &amp;string );

Is this just my compiler (gcc), pure luck, or something else?

Why does reading into a string buffer with scanf work both with and without the ampersand (&amp;)?

To check what `@some_var` is, I am doing a

    if @some_var.class.to_s == &#39;Hash&#39; 

I am sure there is a more elegant way to check if `@some_var` is a `Hash` or an `Array`.

What is a elegant way in Ruby to tell if a variable is a Hash or an Array?

Say I have a variable `$test` and it&#39;s defined as: `$test = &#39;cheese&#39;`

I want to output `cheesey`, which I can do like this:

    echo $test . &#39;y&#39;

But I would prefer to simplify the code to something more like this (which wouldn&#39;t work):

    echo &quot;$testy&quot;

Is there a way to have the `y` be treated as though it were separate from the variable?

Mixing a PHP variable with a string literal

Say I have a variable <code>$test</code> and it's defined as: <code>$test = 'cheese'</code>
I want to output <code>cheesey</code>, which I can do like this:
<pre><code class="hljs language-bash">echo $test . 'y'
</code></pre>
But I would prefer to simplify the code to something more like this (which wouldn't work):
<pre><code class="hljs language-bash">echo "$testy"
</code></pre>
Is there a way to have the <code>y</code> be treated as though it were separate from the variable?

I have the following structure 

    otsg
     &gt; class
       &gt; authentication.php
       &gt; database.php
       &gt; user.php
     &gt; include
       &gt; config.inc.php
       &gt; encryption.php
       &gt; include.php
       &gt; session.php
     &gt; index.php
     &gt; registration.php

include.php file has the following 

    ini_set(&#39;display_errors&#39;, 1);
    error_reporting(E_ALL);
    
    ini_set(&#39;include_path&#39;,ini_get(&#39;include_path&#39;).&#39;:/Applications/MAMP/htdocs/otsg/:&#39;);
    require_once &#39;config.inc.php&#39;;
    require_once &#39;../class/database.php&#39;;
    require_once &#39;../class/user.php&#39;;
    require_once &#39;encryption.php&#39;;
    require_once &#39;session.php&#39;;
    require_once &#39;../class/authentication.php&#39;;

and in the index.php page I had included

    require_once &#39;include/include.php&#39;;

When I open the page index.php I get the following warning and fatal error. I don&#39;t understand what causes this error. When I gave the absolute path it works. But absolute path is not a good idea i believe.

    Warning: require_once(../class/database.php) [function.require-once]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/otsg/include/include.php on line 9
    
    Fatal error: require_once() [function.require]: Failed opening required &#39;../class/database.php&#39; (include_path=&#39;.:/Applications/MAMP/bin/php5.3/lib/php:/Applications/MAMP/htdocs/otsg/include/:&#39;) in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/otsg/include/include.php on line 9

Thanks in advance

relative path in require_once doesn&#39;t work

I want to catch this error:


    $a[1] = &#39;jfksjfks&#39;;
    try {
          $b = $a[0];
    } catch (\Exception $e) {
          echo &quot;jsdlkjflsjfkjl&quot;;
    }


**Edit:** in fact, I got this error on the following line:
`$parse = $xml-&gt;children[0]-&gt;children[0]-&gt;toArray();`


How to catch this error: &quot;Notice: Undefined offset: 0&quot;

```php
//go through each question
foreach($file_data as $value) {
   //separate the string by pipes and place in variables
   list($category, $question) = explode(&#39;|&#39;, $value);

   //place in assoc array
   $data = array($category =&gt; $question);
   print_r($data);

}
```

This is not working as it replaces the value of data. How can I have it add an associative value each loop though? `$file_data` is an array of data that has a dynamic size.

Adding an item to an associative array

I am creating a new array in a for loop.

    for $i &lt; $number_of_items
        $data[$i] = $some_data;

PHP keeps complaining about the offset since for each iteration I add a new index for the array, which is kind of stupid. 

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in include() (line 23 of /...
    Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in include() (line 23 of /..
    Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in include() (line 23 of /..

---

Is there some way to predefine the number items in the array so that PHP will not show this notice?

In other words, can I predefine the size of the array in a similar way to this?

    $myarray = array($size_of_the_earray);


How to create an empty array in PHP with predefined size?

Here is the code for pulling the data for my array

    &lt;?php
        $link = mysqli_connect(&#39;localhost&#39;, &#39;root&#39;, &#39;&#39;, &#39;mutli_page_form&#39;);
    
    	$query = &quot;SELECT * FROM wills_children WHERE will=73&quot;;
    	
    	$result = mysqli_query($link, $query) or die(mysqli_error($link));
    	
    	if ($result = mysqli_query($link, $query)) {
    
        /* fetch associative array */
        if($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
            $data = unserialize($row[&#39;children&#39;]);
        }
    
        /* free result set */
        mysqli_free_result($result);
    	}
    ?&gt;

When I use print_r($data) it reads as:

    Array ( [0] =&gt; Array ( [0] =&gt; Natural Chlid 1 [1] =&gt; Natural Chlid 2 [2] =&gt; Natural Chlid 3 ) ) 

I would like it to read as:

Natural Child 1&lt;br /&gt;
Natural Child 2&lt;br /&gt;
Natural Child 3&lt;br /&gt;

Display an array in a readable/hierarchical format

How do you convert a string into a list?

Say the string is like `text = &quot;a,b,c&quot;`. After the conversion, `text == [&#39;a&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;c&#39;]` and hopefully `text[0] == &#39;a&#39;`, `text[1] == &#39;b&#39;`?

How to convert a string with comma-delimited items to a list in Python?

Consider a Java String Field named `x`.
What will be the initial value of `x` when an object is created for the class x;

I know that for `int` variables, the default value is assigned as `0`, as the instances are being created. But what becomes of `String`?

What is a Java String&#39;s default initial value?

How can I turn a **string** below into an **array**?

    pg_id=2&amp;parent_id=2&amp;document&amp;video 

This is the array I am looking for,

    array(
        &#39;pg_id&#39; =&gt; 2,
        &#39;parent_id&#39; =&gt; 2,
        &#39;document&#39; =&gt; ,
        &#39;video&#39; =&gt;
    )

Parse query string into an array

I&#39;m looking for the Ruby method (1.9...) that can help me find the number of occurrences of a character in a string. I&#39;m looking for all occurrences, not just the first one.

For example: &quot;Melanie is a noob&quot;
There are two occurrences of the letter &#39;a&#39;.
What would be the Ruby method I could use in order to find this?

I&#39;ve been using [Ruby-doc.org][1] as a reference and the `scan` method in the `String: class` caught my eye. The wording is a bit difficult for me to understand, so I don&#39;t really grasp the concept of `scan`.

**Edit: I was able to solve this using `scan`. [I shared in a video][2] how I achieved it.**


  [1]: http://Ruby-doc.org
  [2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meuPRXSbmjw

Finding # occurrences of a character in a string in Ruby

what is the best way to extract a substring from a string in android?

Extract substring from a string

This (simplified version of my code) doesn&#39;t work:

    &lt;?php
        $sxml = new SimpleXMLElement(&#39;&lt;somexml/&gt;&#39;);

        function foo(){
    	    $child = $sxml-&gt;addChild(&#39;child&#39;);
        }

        foo();
    ?&gt;

Why?   I want to access `$sxml` because I want to log errors on it if `foo()` fails.  `foo()` calls itself recursively to create a directory listing, so I fear passing the whole `$sxml` onto itself (as in `foo($sxml)`) could hurt performance.

Is there a way to access `$sxml` inside `$foo` without passing it as an argument? (PHP 5.2.x+)

**EDIT:** What if the code looks like this, actually?  

    &lt;?php
        bar(){
            $sxml = new SimpleXMLElement(&#39;&lt;somexml/&gt;&#39;);
            function foo(){
                $child = $sxml-&gt;addChild(&#39;child&#39;);
            }
            foo();
        }
        bar();
    ?&gt;

Can&#39;t access global variable inside function

To declare multiple variables at the &quot;same time&quot; I would do:

    a, b = True, False

But if I had to declare much more variables, it turns less and less elegant:

    a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j = True, True, True, True, True, False, True ,True , True, True

Is there a better / elegant / convenient way to do this?

This must be very basic, but if I do used a list or a tuple for storing the variables, how would I have to approach so that I would be helpful since:

    aList = [a,b]

Is not valid, I would have to do:

    a, b = True, True

Or what am I missing?



More elegant way of declaring multiple variables at the same time

I am working through [Write Yourself a Scheme in 48 Hours](http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours) (I&#39;m up to about 85hrs) and I&#39;ve gotten to the part about [Adding Variables and Assignments](http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Write_Yourself_a_Scheme_in_48_Hours/Adding_Variables_and_Assignment). There is a big conceptual jump in this chapter, and I wish it had been done in two steps with a good refactoring in between rather then jumping at straight to the final solution. Anyway…

I&#39;ve gotten lost with a number of different classes that seem to serve the same purpose: `State`, `ST`, `IORef`, and `MVar`. The first three are mentioned in the text, while the last seems to be the favored answer to a lot of StackOverflow questions about the first three. They all seem to carry a state between consecutive invocations.

What are each of these and how do they differ from one another?

-----

In particular these sentences don&#39;t make sense:

&gt; Instead, we use a feature called _state threads_, letting Haskell manage the aggregate state for us. This lets us treat mutable variables as we would in any other programming language, using functions to get or set variables.

and

&gt;  The IORef module lets you use stateful variables **within the IO monad**.

All this makes the line `type ENV = IORef [(String, IORef LispVal)]` confusing - why the second `IORef`? What will break if I&#39;ll write `type ENV = State [(String, LispVal)]` instead?

Difference between State, ST, IORef, and MVar

I noticed that if you initialize a static variable in C++ in code, the initialization only runs the first time you run the function.

That is cool, but how is that implemented?  Does it translate to some kind of twisted if statement? (if given a value, then ..)

    void go( int x )
    {
        static int j = x ;
        cout &lt;&lt; ++j &lt;&lt; endl ; // see 6, 7, 8
    } 

    int main()
    {
        go( 5 ) ;
        go( 5 ) ;
        go( 5 ) ; 
    }

What makes a static variable initialize only once?

I am wondering, What is the proper way for inserting PHP variables into a string?
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
**This way:**&lt;br/&gt;

    echo &quot;Welcome &quot;.$name.&quot;!&quot;

**Or this way:**&lt;br/&gt;

    echo &quot;Welcome $name!&quot;
Both of these methods work in my `PHP v5.3.5`. The latter is shorter and simpler but I&#39;m not sure if the first is better formatting or accepted as more proper.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Matt McDonald	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Php	alex	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Php	Pascal MARTIN	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Php	Rizwan	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Php	earlyburg	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Mixing a PHP variable with a string literal

Php Problem Overview

Php Solutions

Solution 1 - Php

Solution 2 - Php

Solution 3 - Php

Solution 4 - Php

What is a elegant way in Ruby to tell if a variable is a Hash or an Array?

Why does reading into a string buffer with scanf work both with and without the ampersand (&)?

Attributions