Minimum sensible button size on iPhone

I'm designing an iPhone app that features a rather large set of onscreen rounded rect buttons. Given finger-based touchscreen UI, what do you think would be the smallest sensible button size? I need to fit as many of them as I can in the viewport without compromising the usability too much. Maybe there's an Apple-recommended minimum size? Right now it's 33x33, and it looked OK on a simulator, but I was playing with the app on a real phone last night, and it was awkward - the buttons felt too small.

Apple says that the avg finger tap is 44x44 (from WWDC). All table rows are recommended to be at least that height. It is common for icons to appear 32x32, but have padding to make the touchable area 44x44. Of course, people can tap a 1x1 if they are very careful, but why make people try harder than they need to in order to use your app?

Recent scientific research has found that:

> [A] target size of 9.2 mm for discrete > tasks [i.e., single-target pointing tasks] and targets of 9.6 mm for serial > tasks should be sufficiently large for > one-handed thumb use on > touchscreen-based handhelds without > degrading performance and preference.

Cited from Target Size Study for One-Handed Thumb Use on Small Touchscreen Devices (Parhi, Karlson, & Bederson 2006). Other sources agree on this "close-to-0.4-inch-rule" (e.g. Designing Gestural Interfaces (Saffer 2008, p. 42)).

Given the iPhone's pixel density of 163 PPI (6.417px/mm), you should preferably aim no lower than 59px diagonal for any target.

(Please note that this is verified for one-handed thumb use only.)

Apple is not consistent in this, and there are no hard rules.

They recommend you provide Fingertip-Size Targets in the UI Guidelines, and then go on to say that the calculator buttons are 44x44.

Also in that document they say that images for toolbar and navigation icons should be 20x20, and for tab bar icons should be 30x30.

I think you have to simply test your application and make sure that it's easy to press the buttons - even when you have fairly large hands...

-t

I could have sworn they said the minimum was 37 pixels, but I'm finding 44 today. Either way, 33 seems small.

(Note that images can be smaller because they're often part of a larger rectangular area.)

(You might get away with fewer pixels on other devices, if the pixel size is larger.)

In practice while creating a custom web-based device UI on early touch screens, we found it important to design for what one of our beta testers referred to as "my fat fingers." And he was right: it is easy to design elegant, fine controls that a significant number of users will find error prone or unusable. In that project, the exact size was application dependent, but that tester found 40 x 40 to be usable (double that for hi-def/Retina displays), anything less increased the number of misses and errors (and frustration); and as a bonus, people with slender fingers found it felt like they could move faster and didn't have to be as precise, which made the whole thing feel smoother, less subjective friction, more breathing room. The trick is to make controls of that size not seem clunky or overbearing; one solution is mentioned above, making the visual part of the control smaller than its actual dimensions, though that isn't a universal solution.

According to HIG it should be at least 44pt x 44pt:

> Provide ample touch targets for interactive elements. Try to maintain a minimum tappable area of 44pt x 44pt for all controls.

https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/ios/visual-design/adaptivity-and-layout/