Method to Add new or update existing item in Dictionary

In some legacy code i have see the following extension method to facilitate adding a new key-value item or updating the value, if the key already exists.

Method-1 (legacy code).

public static void CreateNewOrUpdateExisting<TKey, TValue>(
    this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> map, TKey key, TValue value)
{            
    if (map.ContainsKey(key))
    {
        map[key] = value;
    }
    else
    {
        map.Add(key, value);
    }
}

Though, I have checked that map[key]=value does exactly the same job. That is, this method could be replace with Method-2 below.

Method-2.

public static void CreateNewOrUpdateExisting<TKey, TValue>(
    this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> map, TKey key, TValue value)
{
    map[key] = value;
}

Now, my question is.. Could there be any problem if i replace Method-1 by Method-2? Will it break in any possible scenario?

Also, I think this used to be the difference between HashTable and Dictionary. HashTable allows updating an item, or adding a new item by using indexer while Dictionary does not!! Is this difference been eliminated in C# > 3.0 versions?

The objective of this method is not too throw exception if user sends the same key-value again, the method should just update the entry with the new value, and to make a new entry if new key-value pair has been send to the method.

> Could there be any problem if i replace Method-1 by Method-2?

No, just use map[key] = value. The two options are equivalent.

Regarding Dictionary<> vs. Hashtable: When you start Reflector, you see that the indexer setters of both classes call this.Insert(key, value, add: false); and the add parameter is responsible for throwing an exception, when inserting a duplicate key. So the behavior is the same for both classes.

There's no problem. I would even remove the CreateNewOrUpdateExisting from the source and use map[key] = value directly in your code, because this this idiomatic C#; C# developers would typically know that map[key] = value means add or update.

Old question but i feel i should add the following, even more because .net 4.0 had already launched at the time the question was written.

Starting with .net 4.0 there is the namespace System.Collections.Concurrent which includes collections that are thread-safe.

The collection System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary<> does exactly what you want. It has the AddOrUpdate() method with the added advantage of being thread-safe.

If you're in a high-performance scenario and not handling multiple threads the already given answers of map[key] = value are faster.

In most scenarios this performance benefit is insignificant. If so i'd advise to use the ConcurrentDictionary because:

1. It is in the framework - It is more tested and you are not the one who has to maintain the code
2. It is scalable: if you switch to multithreading your code is already prepared for it

Functionally, they are equivalent.

Performance-wise map[key] = value would be quicker, as you are only making single lookup instead of two.

Style-wise, the shorter the better :)

The code will in most cases seem to work fine in multi-threaded context. It however is not thread-safe without extra synchronization.

The only problem could be if one day

map[key] = value

will transform to -

map[key]++;

and that will cause a KeyNotFoundException.

I know it is not Dictionary<TKey, TValue> class, however you can avoid KeyNotFoundException while incrementing a value like:

dictionary[key]++; // throws `KeyNotFoundException` if there is no such key  

by using ConcurrentDictionary and its really nice method AddOrUpdate()..

Let me show an example:

var str = "Hellooo!!!";
var characters = new ConcurrentDictionary<char, int>();
foreach (var ch in str)
    characters.AddOrUpdate(ch, 1, (k, v) => v + 1);