Update 2019: The link from msdn that answers this question is now a dead link, but can be found on wayback machine here:

https://web.archive.org/web/20160223061509/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/profiler/archive/2010/07/23/tip-fixing-vsperfaspnetcmd-metabase-errors.aspx.

This page says:

&gt; The information in the error is correct and it is worth checking to make sure that you are running from an elevated command prompt, but it does miss a common configuration issue. In order to query for information from the IIS metabase, certain IIS components need to be installed
&gt;
&gt; To check this in Windows 7:
&gt;
&gt; - Open ‘Control Panel\Programs\Programs and Features’ (or run ‘appwiz.cpl’).
&gt; - Choose ‘Turn Windows features on or off’.
&gt; - In the ‘Internet Information Services’ section, make sure that the following options are selected.

[![Windows features for VS profiler][1]][1]

&gt; The non-default options include:
&gt;
&gt; - IIS 6 Scripting Tools
&gt; - IIS 6 WMI Compatibility
&gt; - IIS Metabase and IIS 6 configuration compatibility
&gt; - ASP.NET,
&gt; - Windows Authentication

  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/iMY44.png

I was getting this error in Visual Studio 2012 on Win 8.1 64-bit and I already had the IIS 6 compatibility items installed.

To fix the issue, I had to make sure that Visual Studio was getting run as an Administrator. (Right click shortcut -&gt; Properties -&gt; Shortcut -&gt; Advanced -&gt; Run as administrator)

I got quite a lot of strings (segments of SQL code, actually) with the following format:

    (&#39;ABCDEFG&#39;, 123542, &#39;XYZ 99,9&#39;)

and i need to split this string, using C#, in order to get:

 - &#39;ABCDEFG&#39;
 - 123542
 - &#39;XYZ 99,9&#39;

I was originally using a simple `Split(&#39;,&#39;)`, but since that comma inside the last parameter is causing havoc in the output i need to use Regex to get it. The problem is that i&#39;m still quite noobish in regular expressions and i can&#39;t seem to crack the pattern mainly because inside that string both numerical and alpha-numerical parameters may exist at any time...

What could i use to split that string according to every comma outside the quotes?
Cheers



C# Regex Split - commas outside quotes

I was wondering if there was any way to specify returned column names using prepared statements. 

I am using MySQL and Java.

When I try it:

    String columnNames=&quot;d,e,f&quot;; //Actually from the user...
    String name = &quot;some_table&quot;; //From user...
    String query = &quot;SELECT a,b,c,? FROM &quot; + name + &quot; WHERE d=?&quot;;//...
    stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query);
    stmt.setString(1, columnNames);
    stmt.setString(2, &quot;x&quot;);


I get this type of statement (printing right before execution).

    SELECT a,b,c,&#39;d,e,f&#39; FROM some_table WHERE d=&#39;x&#39;

I would, however, like to see:

    SELECT a,b,c,d,e,f FROM some_table WHERE d=&#39;x&#39;

I know that I cannot do this for table names, as discussed
[here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1208442/using-prepared-statements-to-set-table-name), but was wondering if there was some way to do it for column names.

If there is not, then I will just have to try and make sure that I sanitize the input so it doesn&#39;t lead to SQL injection vulnerabilities.

Variable column names using prepared statements

I&#39;m trying to run the performance wizard on an ASP.Net website.  However, whenever I try to start it I get the following error. 

&quot;The website contains unexpected information or you do not have permission to access the metabase. You must be a member of the Administrators group on the local computer to access the IIS matabase.  Therefore, you cannot create or open a local IIS website.  If you have Read, Write, and Modify Permissions for the folder where the files are located, you can create a file system website that points to the folder in order to proceed&quot;

I am an Administrator on my machine.  Tried googling but came up with nothing.  Anyone run it before and know how to deal with it?

Metabase error when trying to use Visual Studios Profiler on an ASP.Net site

I'm trying to run the performance wizard on an ASP.Net website. However, whenever I try to start it I get the following error.
"The website contains unexpected information or you do not have permission to access the metabase. You must be a member of the Administrators group on the local computer to access the IIS matabase. Therefore, you cannot create or open a local IIS website. If you have Read, Write, and Modify Permissions for the folder where the files are located, you can create a file system website that points to the folder in order to proceed"
I am an Administrator on my machine. Tried googling but came up with nothing. Anyone run it before and know how to deal with it?

I need to calculate the standard deviation of a generic list. I will try to include my code. Its a generic list with data in it. The data is mostly floats and ints. Here is my code that is relative to it without getting into to much detail: 

    namespace ValveTesterInterface
    {
        public class ValveDataResults
        {
            private List&lt;ValveData&gt; m_ValveResults;
    
            public ValveDataResults()
            {
                if (m_ValveResults == null)
                {
                    m_ValveResults = new List&lt;ValveData&gt;();
                }
            }
    
            public void AddValveData(ValveData valve)
            {
                m_ValveResults.Add(valve);
            }

**Here is the function where the standard deviation needs to be calculated:**

            public float LatchStdev()
            {
                
                float sumOfSqrs = 0;
                float meanValue = 0;
                foreach (ValveData value in m_ValveResults)
                {
                    meanValue += value.LatchTime;
                }
                meanValue = (meanValue / m_ValveResults.Count) * 0.02f;
                
                for (int i = 0; i &lt;= m_ValveResults.Count; i++) 
                {   
                    sumOfSqrs += Math.Pow((m_ValveResults - meanValue), 2);  
                }
                return Math.Sqrt(sumOfSqrs /(m_ValveResults.Count - 1));
                
            }
        }
    }

Ignore whats inside the LatchStdev() function because I&#39;m sure its not right. Its just my poor attempt to calculate the st dev. I know how to do it of a list of doubles, however not of a list of generic data list. If someone had experience in this, please help. 



Standard deviation of generic list?

Is there a way to deserialize JSON content into a C# dynamic type? It would be nice to skip creating a bunch of classes in order to use the `DataContractJsonSerializer`. 

Deserialize JSON into C# dynamic object?

I am retrieving data from an iSeries where there is a separate date and time fields. I want to join them into a DateTime field in my C# project. I don&#39;t see a way to add just a time to a DateTime field. How would you suggest accomplishing this?

Join Date and Time to DateTime in C#

Occasionally I like to spend some time looking at the .NET code just to see how things are implemented behind the scenes. I stumbled upon this gem while looking at the `String.Equals` method via Reflector.

**C#**

    [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        string strB = obj as string;
        if ((strB == null) &amp;&amp; (this != null))
        {
            return false;
        }
        return EqualsHelper(this, strB);
    }

**IL**

    .method public hidebysig virtual instance bool Equals(object obj) cil managed
    {
        .custom instance void System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.ReliabilityContractAttribute::.ctor(valuetype System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Consistency, valuetype System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.Cer) = { int32(3) int32(1) }
        .maxstack 2
        .locals init (
            [0] string str)
        L_0000: ldarg.1 
        L_0001: isinst string
        L_0006: stloc.0 
        L_0007: ldloc.0 
        L_0008: brtrue.s L_000f
        L_000a: ldarg.0 
        L_000b: brfalse.s L_000f
        L_000d: ldc.i4.0 
        L_000e: ret 
        L_000f: ldarg.0 
        L_0010: ldloc.0 
        L_0011: call bool System.String::EqualsHelper(string, string)
        L_0016: ret 
    }

What is the reasoning for checking `this` against `null`? I have to assume there is purpose otherwise this probably would have been caught and removed by now.





Why check this != null?

Lets say I have a value of 3.4679 and want 3.46, how can I truncate to two decimal places that without rounding up?

I have tried the following but all three give me 3.47:


    void Main()
    {
    	Console.Write(Math.Round(3.4679, 2,MidpointRounding.ToEven));
    	Console.Write(Math.Round(3.4679, 2,MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero));
    	Console.Write(Math.Round(3.4679, 2));
    }

This returns 3.46, but just seems dirty some how:

    void Main()
    {
    	Console.Write(Math.Round(3.46799999999 -.005 , 2));
    }




Truncate Two decimal places without rounding

I&#39;ve been using `Html.Action(&quot;ActionName&quot;, &quot;ControllerName&quot;)` to invoke child actions across controllers without needing to have the view in Views\Shared. This has been working great for displaying things like session or cookie information.

Instead of just accessing cookies, I would like to pass additional parameters to `Html.Action(&quot;ActionName&quot;, &quot;ControllerName&quot;)` so the action can execute different code based on the the data passed to the original view.

Should I be using a different method to pass parameters to a child action in a different controller? How would one accomplish this?

How can I pass parameters to an Action using Html.Action() in ASP.NET MVC?

I am getting &quot;**Mailbox unavailable. The server response was: 5.7.1 Unable to relay for abc@xyz.com**&quot; when I try to send the mail using ASP.NET. The site is deployed on IIS7, Windows 2008 server.

**The website was working fine on IIS6 and Windows 2003 Server**. I deployed it on IIS7, 2008 it has started giving me this error.

Has anybody experienced this before?

Mailbox unavailable. The server response was: 5.7.1 Unable to relay for abc@xyz.com

On postback, how can I check which control cause postback in Page_Init event. 

    protected void Page_Init(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
    //need to check here which control cause postback?

    }

Thanks

On postback, how can I check which control cause postback in Page_Init event

I have a connection string in my web config:

    &lt;add name=&quot;MyConString&quot; connectionString=&quot;Server=dbsrv;User ID=myDbUser;Password=somepass&quot;word&quot; providerName=&quot;System.Data.SqlClient&quot; /&gt;

As you see, there is a quotation sign ( &quot; ) in the password (given from other dept. I can&#39;t change this db users password).

How do I have to escape the quote in this connection string?

Btw: I already tried &amp; quot; in the string. That didn&#39;t work - ado.net got an ArgumenException then: &quot;Format of the initialization string does not conform to specification starting at index 57.&quot;
57 is where the &amp; quot; is in my connection string.
I also tried enclosing the password part in &#39; - didn&#39;t work either.

Also tried &quot;&quot; and \&quot; - web.config can&#39;t be parsed then.

Thanks for the solution:

I had to combine the escaping of the double quote and putting the password in single quotes:

    &lt;add name=&quot;MyConString&quot; connectionString=&quot;Server=dbsrv;User ID=myDbUser;Password=&#39;somepass&amp;quot;word&#39;&quot; providerName=&quot;System.Data.SqlClient&quot; /&gt;

Escape quote in web.config connection string

**The Problem**

In the stack that we re-use between projects, we are putting a little bit too much data in the session for passing data between pages. This was good in theory because it prevents tampering, replay attacks, and so on, but it creates as many problems as it solves.

Session loss itself is an issue, although it&#39;s *mostly* handled by implementing Session State Server (or by using SQL Server). More importantly, it&#39;s tricky to make the back button work correctly, and it&#39;s also extra work to create a situation where a user can, say, open the same screen in three tabs to work on different records.

And that&#39;s just the tip of the iceberg.

There are workarounds for most of these issues, but as I grind away, all this friction gives me the feeling that passing data between pages using session is the wrong direction.

What I really want to do here is come up with a best practice that my shop can use all the time for passing data between pages, and then, for new apps, replace key parts of our stack that currently rely on Session.

It would also be nice if the final solution did not result in mountains of boilerplate plumbing code. 


**Proposed Solutions**

*Session*

As mentioned above, leaning heavily on Session *seems* like a good idea, but it breaks the back button and causes some other problems. 

There may be ways to get around all the problems, but it seems like a lot of extra work. 

One thing that&#39;s very nice about using session is the fact that tampering is just not an issue. Compared to passing everything via the unencrypted QueryString, you end up writing much less guard code. 

*Cross-Page Posting*

In truth I&#39;ve barely considered this option. I have a problem with how tightly coupled it makes the pages -- if I start doing PreviousPage.FindControl(&quot;SomeTextBox&quot;), that seems like a maintenance problem if I ever want to get to this page from another page that maybe does not have a control called SomeTextBox.

It seems limited in other ways as well. Maybe I want to get to the page via a link, for instance.

*QueryString*

I&#39;m currently leaning towards this strategy, like in the olden days. But I probably want my QueryString to be encrypted to make it harder to tamper with, and I would like to handle the problem of replay attacks as well.

On 4 guys from Rolla, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4guysfromrolla.com/articles/083105-1.aspx&quot;&gt;there&#39;s an article about this&lt;/a&gt;. 

However, it should be possible to create an HttpModule that takes care of all this and removes all the encryption sausage-making from the page.  Sure enough, &lt;a href=&quot;http://madskristensen.net/post/HttpModule-for-query-string-encryption.aspx&quot;&gt;Mads Kristensen has an article where he released one.&lt;/a&gt; However, the comments make it sound like it has problems with extremely common scenarios.

**Other Options**

Of course this is not an exaustive look at the options, but rather the main options I&#39;m considering. &lt;a href=&quot;http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc300437.aspx#S6&quot;&gt;This link&lt;/a&gt; contains a more complete list. The ones I didn&#39;t mention such as Cookies and the Cache not appropriate for the purpose of passing data between pages. 

**In Closing...**

So, how are you handling the problem of passing data between pages? What hidden gotchas did you have to work around, and are there any pre-existing tools around this that solve them all flawlessly? *Do* you feel like you&#39;ve got a solution that you&#39;re completely happy with?

Thanks in advance!

**Update:** Just in case I&#39;m not being clear enough, by &#39;passing data between pages&#39; I&#39;m talking about, for instance, passing a CustomerID key from a CustomerSearch.aspx page to Customers.aspx, where the Customer will be opened and editing can occur.



Best Practices for Passing Data Between Pages

As far is I know, there are a number of ways of selecting child elements in **jQuery**.

    //Store parent in a variable  
    var $parent = $(&quot;#parent&quot;);

**Method 1** *(by using a scope)*

    $(&quot;.child&quot;, $parent).show();

**Method 2** *(the find() method)*

    $parent.find(&quot;.child&quot;).show();

**Method 3** *(For immediate children only)*

    $parent.children(&quot;.child&quot;).show();

**Method 4** *(via CSS selector)* - suggested by @spinon

    $(&quot;#parent &gt; .child&quot;).show();

**Method 5** *(identical to **Method 2**)* - according to @Kai

    $(&quot;#parent .child&quot;).show();

I&#39;m not familiar with profiling to be able to investigate this on my own, so I would love to see what you have to say.


P.S. I understand this is a possible duplicate of [this question][1] but it doesn&#39;t cover all methods.



  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/648004/what-is-fastest-children-or-find-in-jquery

What is the fastest method for selecting descendant elements in jQuery?

I am using a SQLite database and would like to speed up my queries, perhaps with indexes or by restructuring them altogether.

Is there a tool to profile queries, that might help me decide where things are slowing down?

I know I could just enter queries into a tool like SQLite Administrator to time them, but I&#39;m looking for something a bit more systematic than that -- perhaps something that sits in the background and looks at all the queries that I enter over a period, giving a breakdown of any bottle necks.

Is there a tool to profile sqlite queries?

While solving some Project Euler Problems to learn Haskell (so currently I&#39;m a completly beginner) I came over [Problem 12][1]. I wrote this (naive) solution:

    --Get Number of Divisors of n
    numDivs :: Integer -&gt; Integer
    numDivs n = toInteger $ length [ x | x&lt;-[2.. ((n `quot` 2)+1)], n `rem` x == 0] + 2
    
    --Generate a List of Triangular Values
    triaList :: [Integer]
    triaList =  [foldr (+) 0 [1..n] | n &lt;- [1..]]
    
    --The same recursive
    triaList2 = go 0 1
      where go cs n = (cs+n):go (cs+n) (n+1)
    
    --Finds the first triangular Value with more than n Divisors
    sol :: Integer -&gt; Integer
    sol n = head $ filter (\x -&gt; numDivs(x)&gt;n) triaList2

This Solution for `n=500` `(sol 500)` is extremely slow (running for more than 2 hours now), so I wondered how to find out why this solution is so slow. Are there any commands that tell me where most of the computation-time is spent so I know which part of my haskell-program is slow? Something like a simple profiler.

To make it clear, I&#39;m not asking **for** a faster solution but for **a way** to find this solution. How would you start if you would have no haskell knowledge?

I tried to write two `triaList` functions but found no way to test which one is faster, so this is where my problems start.

Thanks

   [1]: http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&amp;id=12

Tools for analyzing performance of a Haskell program

I use [cProfile][1] now but I find it tedious to write pstats code just to query the statistics data.

I&#39;m looking for a visual tool that shows me what my Python code is doing in terms of CPU time and memory allocation.

Some examples from the Java world are [visualvm][2] and [JProfiler][3].

- Does something like this exist?
- Is there an IDE that does this?
- Would [dtrace][4] help?

I know about [KCachegrind][5] for Linux, but I would prefer something that I can run on Windows/Mac without installing KDE.


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/profile.html
  [2]: https://visualvm.dev.java.net/features.html
  [3]: http://www.ej-technologies.com/products/jprofiler/top10.html
  [4]: http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/InstrumentsUserGuide/ViewingandAnalyzingData/ViewingandAnalyzingData.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40004652-CH5-SW2
  [5]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1896032/using-cprofile-results-with-kcachegrind

Is there a visual profiler for Python?

I would like to know if it is possible to get a profile from `R`-Code in a way that is similar to `matlab`&#39;s Profiler. That is, to get to know which line numbers are the one&#39;s that are especially slow.

What I acchieved so far is somehow not satisfactory. I used `Rprof` to make me a profile file. Using `summaryRprof` I get something like the following:

&gt;     $by.self
&gt;                       self.time self.pct total.time total.pct
&gt;     [.data.frame               0.72     10.1       1.84      25.8
&gt;     inherits                   0.50      7.0       1.10      15.4
&gt;     data.frame                 0.48      6.7       4.86      68.3
&gt;     unique.default             0.44      6.2       0.48       6.7
&gt;     deparse                    0.36      5.1       1.18      16.6
&gt;     rbind                      0.30      4.2       2.22      31.2
&gt;     match                      0.28      3.9       1.38      19.4
&gt;     [&lt;-.factor                 0.28      3.9       0.56       7.9
&gt;     levels                     0.26      3.7       0.34       4.8
&gt;     NextMethod                 0.22      3.1       0.82      11.5
&gt;     ...

and 

&gt;     $by.total
&gt;                           total.time total.pct self.time self.pct
&gt;     data.frame                  4.86      68.3      0.48      6.7
&gt;     rbind                       2.22      31.2      0.30      4.2
&gt;     do.call                     2.22      31.2      0.00      0.0
&gt;     [                           1.98      27.8      0.16      2.2
&gt;     [.data.frame                1.84      25.8      0.72     10.1
&gt;     match                       1.38      19.4      0.28      3.9
&gt;     %in%                        1.26      17.7      0.14      2.0
&gt;     is.factor                   1.20      16.9      0.10      1.4
&gt;     deparse                     1.18      16.6      0.36      5.1
&gt;     ...

To be honest, from this output I don&#39;t get where my bottlenecks are because (a) I use `data.frame` pretty often and (b) I never use e.g., `deparse`. Furthermore, what is `[`?

So I tried Hadley Wickham&#39;s `profr`, but it was not any more useful considering the following graph:
![alt text][1]


**Is there a more convenient way to see which line numbers and particular function calls are slow?  
Or, is there some literature that I should consult?**

Any hints appreciated.

**EDIT 1:**  
Based on Hadley&#39;s comment I will paste the code of my script below and the base graph version of the plot. But note, that my question is not related to this specific script. It is just a random script that I recently wrote. **I am looking for a general way of how to find bottlenecks and speed up `R`-code.**

The data (`x`) looks like this:

&gt;     type		word	response	N	Classification	classN
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	bitter		1	3a				3a
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	control		1	1a				1a
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	father		1	3a				3a
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	flushed		1	3a				3a
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	fury		1	1c				1c
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	hat			1	3a				3a
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	help		1	3a				3a
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	mad			13	3a				3a
&gt;     Abstract	ANGER	management	2	1a				1a
&gt;     ... until row 1700

The script (with short explanations) is this:


&gt;     Rprof(&quot;profile1.out&quot;)
&gt;     
&gt;     # A new dataset is produced with each line of x contained x$N times 
&gt;     y &lt;- vector(&#39;list&#39;,length(x[,1]))
&gt;     for (i in 1:length(x[,1])) {
&gt;      	y[[i]] &lt;- data.frame(rep(x[i,1],x[i,&quot;N&quot;]),rep(x[i,2],x[i,&quot;N&quot;]),rep(x[i,3],x[i,&quot;N&quot;]),rep(x[i,4],x[i,&quot;N&quot;]),rep(x[i,5],x[i,&quot;N&quot;]),rep(x[i,6],x[i,&quot;N&quot;]))
&gt;     }
&gt;     all &lt;- do.call(&#39;rbind&#39;,y)
&gt;     colnames(all) &lt;- colnames(x)
&gt;     
&gt;     # create a dataframe out of a word x class table
&gt;     table_all &lt;- table(all$word,all$classN)
&gt;     dataf.all &lt;- as.data.frame(table_all[,1:length(table_all[1,])])
&gt;     dataf.all$words &lt;- as.factor(rownames(dataf.all))
&gt;     dataf.all$type &lt;- &quot;no&quot;
&gt;     # get type of the word.
&gt;     words &lt;- levels(dataf.all$words)
&gt;     for (i in 1:length(words)) {
&gt;     	dataf.all$type[i] &lt;- as.character(all[pmatch(words[i],all$word),&quot;type&quot;])
&gt;     }
&gt;     dataf.all$type &lt;- as.factor(dataf.all$type)
&gt;     dataf.all$typeN &lt;- as.numeric(dataf.all$type)
&gt;     
&gt;     # aggregate response categories
&gt;     dataf.all$c1 &lt;- apply(dataf.all[,c(&quot;1a&quot;,&quot;1b&quot;,&quot;1c&quot;,&quot;1d&quot;,&quot;1e&quot;,&quot;1f&quot;)],1,sum)
&gt;     dataf.all$c2 &lt;- apply(dataf.all[,c(&quot;2a&quot;,&quot;2b&quot;,&quot;2c&quot;)],1,sum)
&gt;     dataf.all$c3 &lt;- apply(dataf.all[,c(&quot;3a&quot;,&quot;3b&quot;)],1,sum)
&gt;     
&gt;     Rprof(NULL)
&gt;     
&gt;     library(profr)
&gt;     ggplot.profr(parse_rprof(&quot;profile1.out&quot;))

Final data looks like this:

&gt;     1a	1b	1c	1d	1e	1f	2a	2b	2c	3a	3b	pa	words	type	typeN	c1	c2	c3	pa
&gt;     3	0	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	24	0	0	ANGER	Abstract	1	11	0	24	0
&gt;     6	0	4	0	1	0	0	11	0	13	0	0	ANXIETY	Abstract	1	11	11	13	0
&gt;     2	11	1	0	0	0	0	4	0	17	0	0	ATTITUDE	Abstract	1	14	4	17	0
&gt;     9	18	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	0	BARREL	Concrete	2	27	0	8	0
&gt;     0	1	18	0	0	0	0	4	0	12	0	0	BELIEF	Abstract	1	19	4	12	0

The base graph plot:
![alt text][2]

[Running the script today also changed the ggplot2 graph a little (basically only the labels), see here.][3]


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/YIm0J.png
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/FtbVh.png
  [3]: http://imgur.com/8grk7.png

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Kevin	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C#	Jon Egerton	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C#	YodaAmINot	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Metabase error when trying to use Visual Studios Profiler on an ASP.Net site

C# Problem Overview

C# Solutions

Solution 1 - C#

Solution 2 - C#

Variable column names using prepared statements

C# Regex Split - commas outside quotes

Attributions