This is a formula, in a shorthand notation. Try this:

    plot( mpg ~ cyl, data= mtcars )

The left hand is the dependent variable, the right hand is the independent variable. Much like y = bx + c means that y ~ x.

Formulas are one of the corner stones of R, and you will need to understand them to use R efficiently. Most frequently, formulas are used in modeling of all sorts, for example you can do basic linear regression with

    lm( mpg ~ wt, data= mtcars )

...to see how mileage per gallon depend on weight. Take a look at `?formula` for some more explanations.

The dot means &quot;any columns from data that are otherwise not used&quot;. Google for &quot;R formulas&quot; to get more information.

I&#39;m trying to get latitude and longitude from Autocomplete Google Maps API without showing the map. In my script autocompletion works well, but I can&#39;t get the latitude and longitude.

&lt;!-- begin snippet: js hide: false console: true babel: false --&gt;

&lt;!-- language: lang-js --&gt;

        &lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;
           function initialize() {
        
         var options = {
          types: [&#39;(cities)&#39;]
         };
        
         var input = document.getElementById(&#39;searchTextField&#39;);
         var autocomplete = new google.maps.places.Autocomplete(input, options);
        }
           google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, &#39;load&#39;, initialize);
        
           var geocoder = new google.maps.Geocoder();
            var address = autocomplete;
        
        geocoder.geocode( { &#39;address&#39;: address}, function(results, status) {
        
          if (status == google.maps.GeocoderStatus.OK) {
            var latitude = results[0].geometry.location.lat();
            var longitude = results[0].geometry.location.lng();
            alert(latitude);
          } 
        }); 
        
        &lt;/script&gt;

&lt;!-- end snippet --&gt;



Google Maps API - how to get latitude and longitude from Autocomplete without showing the map?

Is there a shorter way to find the first element in an array meeting some conditions than this:

    my_array[ my_array.index {|x| x.some_test} ]


First element of an array with condition

What is the meaning of the `~.` argument in R?

For example `plot(~.,xyz..)`

I have seen this argument used several times in various contexts and since it is difficult to meaningfully search for symbols on google, I have met little success. 


Meaning of ~. (tilde dot) argument?

What is the meaning of the <code>~.</code> argument in R?
For example <code>plot(~.,xyz..)</code>
I have seen this argument used several times in various contexts and since it is difficult to meaningfully search for symbols on google, I have met little success.

I&#39;m plotting and performing calculations on uniformly distributed time series. The timestamps are currently stored as integers representing the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch (e.g. `1352068320`), but `Date` objects seem more appropriate for plotting. How can I do the conversion?

I&#39;ve read `?Date`, `?as.Date` and `??epoch`, but seem to have missed that information.

Convert UNIX epoch to Date object

Let&#39;s say I had a vector:

`remove &lt;- c(17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 30, 31, 44, 45)`.

How do I select / extract every second value in the vector? Like so: `17, 19, 24, 30, 44`

I&#39;m trying to use the `seq` function: `seq(remove, 2)` but it doesn&#39;t quite work.

Any help is greatly appreciated.

Select every other element from a vector

In the documentation, R suggests that raw data files (not Rdata nor Rda) should be placed in `inst/extdata/`

From the first paragraph in: http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-exts.html#Data-in-packages

&gt; The data subdirectory is for data files, either to be made available
&gt; via lazy-loading or for loading using data(). (The choice is made by
&gt; the ‘LazyData’ field in the DESCRIPTION file: the default is not to do
&gt; so.) It should not be used for other data files needed by the package,
&gt; and the convention has grown up to use directory inst/extdata for such
&gt; files.

So, I have moved all of my raw data into this folder, but when I build and reload the package and then try to access the data in a function with (for example): 

    read.csv(file=paste(path.package(&quot;my_package&quot;),&quot;/inst/extdata/my_raw_data.csv&quot;,sep=&quot;&quot;)) 
    # .path.package is now path.package in R 3.0+

I get the &quot;cannot open file&quot; error. 

However, it does look like there is a folder called `/extdata` in the package directory with the files in it (post-build and install). What&#39;s happening to the `/inst` folder? 

Does everything in the /inst folder get pushed into the `/` of the package? 

inst and extdata folders in R Packaging

Somewhere after R 2.1.0, I started noticing short phrases next to the R release number that is displayed on start up.  This turns out to be a release nickname, an undocumented component added to the R.Version variable, accessible with `R.Version$nickname`.  

The archives of R-announce show Peter Dalgaard announcing a new release&#39;s nickname on several occasions (e.g., [here][1]) but I don&#39;t find any other information. Despite being a list element of the object queried by `R.Version()`, it is not included in  help file for that function.

Is there any documentation on this feature? Ideally I&#39;d like a statement of the system used to determine a release&#39;s nickname, but any authoritative reference would be great. 


  [1]: http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/R/announce/12/0228.html

Is there any authoritative documentation on R release nicknames?

I have a data frame that has columns a, b, and c. I&#39;d like to add a new column d between b and c.

I know I could just add d at the end by using *cbind* but how can I **insert** it in between two columns? 



Add (insert) a column between two columns in a data.frame

I recently came across the following esoteric piece of code.

    int main(){(([](){})());}

Reformat it as follows to make it more readable:

    int main(){
        (([](){})());   //  Um... what?!?!
    }

But I can&#39;t get my head around how `(([](){})())` is valid code.

 - It doesn&#39;t look like function pointer syntax.
 - It can&#39;t be some operator overloading trick. The code compiles as is.

Google didn&#39;t help much with this all-symbol search. But it compiles in Visual Studio 2010 and outputs nothing. There were no errors, and no warnings. So it looks like valid code.

I&#39;ve never seen any valid code that is so bizarre outside of [Javascript][1] and [C function pointers][2].

Can someone explain how this is valid C++?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/7202157/922184
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/q/8249483/922184

How is &quot;int main(){(([](){})());}&quot; valid C++?

I’m trying to include an HTML snippet inside of an `ng-repeat`, but I can’t get the include to work. It seems the current syntax of `ng-include` is different than what it was previously: I see many examples using

    &lt;div ng-include src=&quot;path/file.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

But in the [official docs][1], it says to use

    &lt;div ng-include=&quot;path/file.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

But then [down the page][2] it is shown as

    &lt;div ng-include src=&quot;path/file.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Regardless, I tried

&lt;!-- language: lang-html --&gt;

    &lt;div ng-include=&quot;views/sidepanel.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- language: lang-html --&gt;

    &lt;div ng-include src=&quot;views/sidepanel.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;!-- language: lang-html --&gt;

    &lt;ng-include src=&quot;views/sidepanel.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/ng-include&gt;

&lt;!-- language: lang-html --&gt;

    &lt;ng-include=&quot;views/sidepanel.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/ng-include&gt;

&lt;!-- language: lang-html --&gt;

    &lt;ng:include src=&quot;views/sidepanel.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/ng:include&gt;

My snippet is not very much code, but it’s got a lot going on; I read in [Dynamically load template inside `ng-repeat`][3] that that could cause a problem, so I replaced the content of `sidepanel.html` with just the word `foo`, and still nothing.

I also tried declaring the template directly in the page like this:

    &lt;script type=&quot;text/ng-template&quot; id=&quot;tmpl&quot;&gt;
        foo
    &lt;/script&gt;

And running through all the variations of `ng-include` referencing the script’s `id`, and still nothing.

My page had a lot more in it, but now I’ve stripped it down to just this:

    &lt;!-- index.html --&gt;
    &lt;html&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
    &lt;!-- angular includes --&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;
    &lt;body ng-view=&quot;views/main.html&quot;&gt; &lt;!-- view is actually set in the router --&gt;
        &lt;!-- views/main.html --&gt;
        &lt;header&gt;
            &lt;h2&gt;Blah&lt;/h2&gt;
        &lt;/header&gt;
        &lt;article id=&quot;sidepanel&quot;&gt;
            &lt;section class=&quot;panel&quot;&gt; &lt;!-- will have ng-repeat=&quot;panel in panels&quot; --&gt;
                &lt;div ng-include src=&quot;views/sidepanel.html&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/section&gt;
        &lt;/article&gt;
    &lt;!-- index.html --&gt;
    &lt;/body&gt;
    &lt;/html&gt;

The header renders, but then my template doesn’t. I get no errors in the console or from Node, and if I click the link in `src=&quot;views/sidepanel.html&quot;` in dev tools, it takes me to my template (and displays `foo`).


  [1]: https://code.angularjs.org/1.1.0/docs/api/ng.directive:ngInclude#Usage
  [2]: https://code.angularjs.org/1.1.0/docs/api/ng.directive:ngInclude#Example
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12361680/

What is the correct syntax of ng-include?

I have read the links below, but it doesn&#39;t address my question.&lt;br/&gt;
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/394809/python-ternary-operator (the question is about  condensing if-else statement to one line)&lt;br/&gt;

Is there an easier way of writing an if-elif-else statement so it fits on one line?&lt;br/&gt;
For example,


    if expression1:
       statement1
    elif expression2:
       statement2
    else:
       statement3

 Or a real-world example:

    if i &gt; 100:
        x = 2
    elif i &lt; 100:
        x = 1
    else:
        x = 0

I just feel if the example above could be written the following way, it could look like more concise.

    x=2 if i&gt;100 elif i&lt;100 1 else 0 [WRONG]


Putting an if-elif-else statement on one line?

&gt; **Possible duplicate:**  
&gt; [where we use object operator “-&amp;gt;” in php](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3037526/where-we-use-object-operator-in-php)  
&gt; [Reference - What does this symbol mean in PHP?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3737139/reference-what-does-this-symbol-mean-in-php)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

I see these in PHP all the time but I don&#39;t have a clue as to what they actually mean. What does `-&gt;` do and what does `=&gt;` do. And I&#39;m not talking about the operators. They&#39;re something else, but nobody seems to know...

What does this mean in PHP: -&gt; or =&gt;

Has any one seen the array `[]` placed after the method signature like this?

    public static String mySplit(String s)[] {
        return s.split(&quot;,&quot;);
    }

    public static void main(String... args) {
        String[] words = mySplit(&quot;a,b,c,d,e&quot;);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(words));
    }

prints

    [a, b, c, d, e]

In the past, odd notations have been for &quot;C&quot; compatibility, but I wouldn&#39;t imagine someone writing this in C either.

Does anyone know why this is even allowed?  

I am using Java 7 update 10, in case it matters.

This does the same thing in Java 6. http://ideone.com/91rZV1


---

BTW this doesn&#39;t compile, nor would I expect it to

    public static &lt;T&gt; List mySplit(String s)&lt;T&gt; {
        return Collections.emptyList();
    }


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Info5ek	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - R	January	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Meaning of ~. (tilde dot) argument?

R Problem Overview

R Solutions

Solution 1 - R

First element of an array with condition

Google Maps API - how to get latitude and longitude from Autocomplete without showing the map?

Attributions