Math.round(num) vs num.toFixed(0) and browser inconsistencies
JavascriptCross BrowserJavascript Problem Overview
Consider the following code:
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
var num = i + 0.50;
var output = num + " " + Math.round(num) + " " + num.toFixed(0);
alert(output);
}
In Opera 9.63 I get:
> 0.5 1 0 > > 1.5 2 2 > > 2.5 3 2
In FF 3.03 I get:
> 0.5 1 1 > > 1.5 2 2 > > 2.5 3 3
In IE 7 I get:
> 0.5 1 0 > > 1.5 2 2 > > 2.5 3 3
Note the bolded results. Why are this inconsistencies present? Does this mean that toFixed(0)
should be avoided? What's the correct way to round a number to the nearest integer?
Javascript Solutions
Solution 1 - Javascript
Edit: To answer your edit, use Math.round
. You could also prototype the Number
object to have it do your bidding if you prefer that syntax.
Number.prototype.round = function() {
return Math.round(this);
}
var num = 3.5;
alert(num.round())
I've never used Number.toFixed()
before (mostly because most JS libraries provide a toInt()
method), but judging by your results I would say it would be more consistent to use the Math
methods (round
, floor
, ceil
) then toFixed
if cross-browser consistency is what you are looking for.
Solution 2 - Javascript
To address your two original issues/questions:
Math.round(num) vs num.toFixed(0)
The issue here lies in the misconception that these should always give the same result. They are, in fact, governed by different rules. Look at negative numbers, for example. Because Math.round
uses "round half up" as the rule, you will see that Math.round(-1.5)
evaluates to -1
even though Math.round(1.5)
evaluates to 2
.
Number.prototype.toFixed
, on the other hand, uses what is basically equivalent to "round half away from zero" as the rule, according to step 6 of the spec, which essentially says to treat negatives as positive numbers, and then add back the negative sign at the end. Thus, (-1.5).toFixed(0) === "-2"
and (1.5).toFixed(0) === "2"
are true statements in all spec-compliant browsers. Note that these values are strings, not numbers. Note further that both -1.5.toFixed(0)
and -(1.5).toFixed(0)
are === -2
(the number) due to operator precedence.
Browser inconsistencies
Most modern browsers—or at least the ones you might be expected to support at the time of this writing except for IE—should all implement the specs correctly. (According to Renee's comment, the toFixed
issue you pointed out in Opera has been fixed, presumably since they started using the same JS engine as Chrome.) It's still worth reiterating that, even if the specs were implemented consistently across all browsers, the behavior defined in the spec, particularly for toFixed
rounding, can still be a bit unintuitive for "mere mortal" JS developers who expect true mathematical accuracy—see https://stackoverflow.com/q/10015027 and this "works as intended" bug that was filed on the V8 JS engine for examples.
Conclusion
In short, these are two different functions with two different return types and two different sets of rules for rounding.
As others have suggested, I would also like to say "use whichever function fits your particular use case" (taking special care to note the peculiarities of toFixed
, especially IE's errant implementation). I would personally lean more towards recommending some explicit combination of Edit: ...though, after going back and reading your clarification, your use case (rounding to a whole number) definitely calls for the aptly-named Math.round/ceil/floor
, again, as others have mentioned.Math.round
function.
Solution 3 - Javascript
I think FF is doing the right thing with toFixed, since step 10 below says "If there are two such n, pick the larger n."
And as Grant Wagner said: Use Math.ceil(x) or Math.floor(x) instead of x.toFixed().
Everything below is from the ECMAScript Language Specification:
> 15.7.4.5 Number.prototype.toFixed (fractionDigits)
> ----------------------------------------
>
> Return a string containing the number represented in fixed-point
> notation with fractionDigits
digits after the decimal point. If
> fractionDigits
is undefined, 0
is assumed. Specifically, perform the
> following steps:
>
> 1. Let f
be ToInteger(fractionDigits)
. (If fractionDigits
is undefined,
> this step produces the value 0
).
> 2. If f < 0
or f > 20
, throw a RangeError
exception.
> 3. Let x
be this number value.
> 4. If x
is NaN
, return the string "NaN"
.
> 5. Let s
be the empty string.
> 6. If x ≥ 0
, go to step 9.
> 7. Let s be "-"
.
> 8. Let x = –x
.
> 9. If x ≥ 10^21
, let m = ToString(x)
and go to step 20.
> 10. Let n
be an integer for which the exact mathematical value of
> n ÷ 10^f – x
is as close to zero as possible. If there are two
> such n
, pick the larger n
.
> 11. If n = 0
, let m
be the string "0"
. Otherwise, let m
be the
> string consisting of the digits of the decimal representation
> of n
(in order, with no leading zeroes).
> 12. If f = 0
, go to step 20.
> 13. Let k
be the number of characters in m
.
> 14. If k > f
, go to step 18.
> 15. Let z
be the string consisting of f+1–k
occurrences of the
> character '0'
.
> 16. Let m
be the concatenation of strings z
and m
.
> 17. Let k = f + 1
.
> 18. Let a
be the first k–f
characters of m
, and let b
be the
> remaining f
characters of m
.
> 19. Let m
be the concatenation of the three strings a
, "."
, and b
.
> 20. Return the concatenation of the strings s
and m
.
>
> The length
property of the toFixed
method is 1
.
>
> If the toFixed
method is called with more than one argument, then the
> behaviour is undefined (see section 15).
>
> An implementation is permitted to extend the behaviour of toFixed
for
> values of fractionDigits
less than 0
or greater than 20
. In this case
> toFixed
would not necessarily throw RangeError
for such values.
>
> NOTE The output of toFixed
may be more precise than toString
for
> some values because toString
only prints enough significant digits
> to distinguish the number from adjacent number values. For example,
> (1000000000000000128).toString()
returns "1000000000000000100"
, while
> (1000000000000000128).toFixed(0)
returns "1000000000000000128"
.
Solution 4 - Javascript
toFixed() returns a string value. From Javascript: The Definitive Guide
> Converts a number to a string that contains a specified number of > digits after the decimal place.
Math.round() returns an integer.
Clearly, toFixed() seem to be more use for money, for example,
> '$' + 12.34253.toFixed(2) = '$12.34'
It seems a big pity that toFixed() does not appear to round properly!
Solution 5 - Javascript
Instead of toFixed(0)
use Math.ceil()
or Math.floor()
, depending on what is required.
Solution 6 - Javascript
It definitely seems that way, if you're getting inconsistent answers.
I can only guess that your intent with usin toFixed(0) is to turn a decimal number into an integer, at which point I recommend Math.floor(). There's a bit more discussion on the best way to do so in [this question][1].
[1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/131406/what-is-the-best-method-to-convert-to-an-integer-in-javascript "this question"