Make .git directory web inaccessible
Git.HtaccessApache2Git Problem Overview
I have a website that I use github (closed source) to track changes and update site. The only problem is, it appears the .git directory is accessible via the web. How can I stop this and still be able to use git?
Should I use .htaccess? Should I change permissions of .git?
Git Solutions
Solution 1 - Git
Put this in an .htaccess
file at the root of your web server:
RedirectMatch 404 /\.git
This solution is robust and secure: it
- works for all
.git
directories in your site, even if there are more than one, - also hides other Git files like
.gitignore
and.gitmodules
- works even for newly-added
.git
directories, and - doesn't even give away the fact that the directories exist.
Solution 2 - Git
Create a .htaccess
file in the .git
folder and put the following in this file:
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
But note, that it would be lost if you ever re-cloned the repository
Solution 3 - Git
Both .htaccess
and permissions on the .git/
folder would work. I recommend the former:
<Directory .git>
order allow,deny
deny from all
</Directory>
Solution 4 - Git
I didn't want to muck around in the .git
directory and wasn't able to get Bennett's solution to work on Apache 2.2, but adding the following to my <VirtualHost>
configuration worked:
RewriteRule ^.*\.git.* - [R=404]
Solution 5 - Git
A more robust and simple option would be disabling the READ and Execution permission of the .git
directory.
Since mostly Apache (httpd) runs under a special user account, for example, it runs as user apache
on CentOS, while the .git
directory must be created under a real user account, so we can simply block the access by changing the permission. Moreover, this approach doesn't introduce any new file, nor affect the git commands.
The command can be:
chmod -R o-rx .git
Solution 6 - Git
I'm not comfortable with controlling access to my .git folders individually and choose to do it via apache config instead of .htaccess, to prevent me overwriting them, or forgetting on a new install etc.
Here are some detailed instructions hope they help. I'm using Ubuntu 16.10.
- First check what happens if you navigate to the .git folder in a browser. In my case I was presented with a directory listing. If you are seeing what you shouldn't be seeing (ie. you're not getting a 404), do the following.
- Use apache2ctl -V to get the HTTPD_ROOT and SERVER_CONFIG_FILE
- Use this to edit your apache config, in my case $ sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
- Add the following somewhere in the config file: RedirectMatch 404 /.git
- Restart apache: $ sudo service apache2 restart
- Should now get you a 404 if you navigate to the folder again
- I tried this with .gitignore and also got a 404
Solution 7 - Git
mod_rewrite will give you the desired affect:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule .*\.git/.* - [F]
Solution 8 - Git
Instead of messing with .htaccess
rules like most answers suggest, why not simply put the .git/
directory above the webroot?
In my setups, my .git
directory usually lives in something like:
/home/web/project_name/.git/
My actual code lives in
/home/web/project_name/www_root/
since my web root (as defined on Apache or Nginx.. I prefer the latter) is /home/web/project_name/www_root/
there's no way the .git
directory can be accessible from the web since it lives "higher" than the webroot
Solution 9 - Git
solution for apache2 (LAMP) server - you have 2 places to add .htaccess
contents.. if 1 fails, try next
- for (development environment)
> create .htaccess file in /var/www/html root directory and paste the code inside it
<Directorymatch "^/.*/\.git/">
Order 'deny,allow'
Deny from all
</Directorymatch>
2. for (Production environment) > inside virtual host file (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/) >find your virtualhost file> open file > after closing of virtualhost tag, paste
<Directorymatch "^/.*/\.git/">
Order 'deny,allow'
Deny from all
</Directorymatch>
no need to restart the server, it runs when page is called upon