The `redirect` function provided in `Flask` sends a 302 status code to the client by default, and as mentionned on [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_302):

&gt; Many web browsers implemented this code in a manner that violated this standard, changing 
&gt; the request type of the new request to GET, regardless of the type employed in the original 
&gt; request (e.g. POST). [1] For this reason, HTTP/1.1 (RFC 2616) added the new status codes 
&gt; 303 and 307 to disambiguate between the two behaviours, with 303 mandating the change of 
&gt; request type to GET, and 307 preserving the request type as originally sent.

So, sending a 307 status code instead of 302 should tell the browser to preserve the used HTTP method and thus have the behaviour you&#39;re expecting. Your call to `redirect` would then look like this:

    flask.redirect(flask.url_for(&#39;operation&#39;), code=307)


I have to include all sites in tampermonkey..this is the script that i have to run

    // ==UserScript==
    // @name       Phishing Blockz
    // @namespace  http://use.i.E.your.homepage/
    // @version    0.1
    // @description Phishing block based on hyperlinks
    // @match      http://*/*
    // @run-at     document-end

    var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
    req.open(&#39;GET&#39;, document.location, false);
    req.send(null);
    var headers = req.status;
    var locheader=req.getResponseHeader(&quot;Location&quot;);
    alert(headers);
    alert(locheader);

Have I done something wrong.please help me to run this userscript in all pages in chrome

Include all pages in tampermonkey(userscript)

I&#39;ve a following associative array named `$data`

    Array
    (
        [0] =&gt; Array
            (
                [transaction_user_id] =&gt; 359691e27b23f8ef3f8e1c50315cd506
                [transaction_no] =&gt; 19500912050218
                [transaction_total_amount] =&gt; 589.00
                [transaction_date] =&gt; 1335932419
                [transaction_status] =&gt; cancelled
            )
    
        [1] =&gt; Array
            (
                [transaction_user_id] =&gt; 9def02e6337b888d6dbe5617a172c18d
                [transaction_no] =&gt; 36010512050819
                [transaction_total_amount] =&gt; 79.00
                [transaction_date] =&gt; 1336476696
                [transaction_status] =&gt; cancelled
            )
    
        [2] =&gt; Array
            (
                [transaction_user_id] =&gt; 9def02e6337b888d6dbe5617a172c18d
                [transaction_no] =&gt; 19020512050820
                [transaction_total_amount] =&gt; 299.00
                [transaction_date] =&gt; 1336476739
                [transaction_status] =&gt; cancelled
            )
    
        [3] =&gt; Array
            (
                [transaction_user_id] =&gt; 9def02e6337b888d6dbe5617a172c18d
                [transaction_no] =&gt; 27050512050821
                [transaction_total_amount] =&gt; 79.00
                [transaction_date] =&gt; 1336476927
                [transaction_status] =&gt; cancelled
            )
    
        [4] =&gt; Array
            (
                [transaction_user_id] =&gt; 8e9050a3646c98342b9ba079fba80982
                [transaction_no] =&gt; 12070512050822
                [transaction_total_amount] =&gt; 129.00
                [transaction_date] =&gt; 1336477032
                [transaction_status] =&gt; cancelled
            )
    
    )

and I want to convert the value of key `[transaction_date]` into user readable format (i.e. mm/dd/yyyy). For that I written the following code in a function which returns the whole array:

   

     foreach($data as $value)
     {
       	$value[transaction_date]=date(&#39;d/m/Y&#39;,$value[transaction_date]);
     }
        
     return $data;

My problem is I&#39;m getting the same array without changing the value of `[transaction_date]` for all the array elements. Actually array with updated values for `[transaction_date]` is expected to be returned. 
Can anyone help me out to resolve this issue? Thanks in advance.

How to update specific key&#39;s value in an associative array in PHP?

I am working with flask.
I am in a situation where I need to redirect a post request to another url preserving the request method i.e. &quot;POST&quot; method. When I redirected a &quot;GET&quot; request to another url which accepts &quot;GET&quot; request method is fine.
Here is sample code with which I am trying the above..

    @app.route(&#39;/start&#39;,methods=[&#39;POST&#39;])
    def start():
        flask.redirect(flask.url_for(&#39;operation&#39;))

    @app.route(&#39;/operation&#39;,methods=[&#39;POST&#39;])
    def operation():
        return &quot;My Response&quot;

I want to make a &quot;POST&quot; request to &quot;/start&quot; url which internally also makes a &quot;POST&quot; request to &quot;/operation&quot; url.If I modify code as like this,

    @app.route(&#39;/operation&#39;,methods=[&#39;GET&#39;])
    def operation():
        return &quot;My Response&quot;
code works fine for &quot;GET&quot; request. But I want to be able to make POST request too.



Make a POST request while redirecting in flask

I am working with flask.
I am in a situation where I need to redirect a post request to another url preserving the request method i.e. "POST" method. When I redirected a "GET" request to another url which accepts "GET" request method is fine.
Here is sample code with which I am trying the above..
<pre><code class="hljs language-less">@app.route('/start',methods=['POST'])
def start():
 flask.redirect(flask.url_for('operation'))

@app.route('/operation',methods=['POST'])
def operation():
 return "My Response"
</code></pre>
I want to make a "POST" request to "/start" url which internally also makes a "POST" request to "/operation" url.If I modify code as like this,
<pre><code class="hljs language-python">@app.route('/operation',methods=['GET'])
def operation():
 return "My Response"
</code></pre>
code works fine for "GET" request. But I want to be able to make POST request too.

What is the difference between `numpy.random.shuffle(x)` and `numpy.random.permutation(x)`?

I have read the doc pages but I could not understand if there was any difference between the two when I just want to randomly shuffle the elements of an array.

To be more precise suppose I have an array `x=[1,4,2,8]`.

If I want to generate random permutations of x, then what is the difference between `shuffle(x)` and `permutation(x)`?

shuffle vs permute numpy

I want to compare 2 iterables and print the items which appear in both iterables.

    &gt;&gt;&gt; a = (&#39;q&#39;, &#39;r&#39;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; b = (&#39;q&#39;)
   

    # Iterate over a. If y not in b, print y.
    # I want to see [&#39;r&#39;] printed.
    &gt;&gt;&gt; print([ y if y not in b for y in a])
                                  ^
But it gives me a invalid syntax error where the `^` has been placed.
What is wrong about this lamba function?






List comprehension with if statement

I have the following string 

    {&quot;action&quot;:&quot;print&quot;,&quot;method&quot;:&quot;onData&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:&quot;Madan Mohan&quot;}

I Want to deserialize to a object of class 

    class payload
        string action
        string method
        string data

I am using python 2.6 and 2.7

Deserialize a json string to an object in python

How do I remove the last character from a string?

```
&quot;abcdefghij&quot;  →  &quot;abcdefghi&quot;
```

Remove final character from string

I don&#39;t understand how looping over a dictionary or set in python is done by &#39;arbitrary&#39; order.

I mean, it&#39;s a programming language so everything in the language must be 100% determined, correct? Python must have some kind of algorithm that decides which part of the dictionary or set is chosen, 1st, second and so on. 

What am I missing?

Why is the order in dictionaries and sets arbitrary?

I am currently learning JSF and was rather amazed and puzzled when I realized that whenever we use `&lt;h:form&gt;`, the standard behavior of JSF is to always show me the URL of the _previous_ page in the browser, as opposed to the URL of the _current_ page. 

I understand that this has to do with the way JSF always posts a form to the same page and then just renders whatever page the controller gives it back to the browser which doesn&#39;t know the page location has changed.

**It seems like JSF has been around for long enough that there must be a clean, solid way to deal with this. If so, would you mind sharing?** 

I have found various workarounds, but sadly nothing that seems like a real solid solution.

- Simply accept that the URL is misleading.
- Append `&quot;?faces-redirect=true&quot;` to the return value of _every_ bean&#39;s action and then
    - figure out how to replace `@RequestScoped` with something else (Flash Scopes, CDI conversation, @SessionScoped, ...).
    - accept to have two HTTP round trips for every user action.
- Use some method (e.g. 3rd party library or custom code) to hide the page name in the URL, always using the same generic URL for every page.


If `&quot;?faces-redirect=true&quot;` is as good as it gets, is there a way do configure an entire application to treat all requests this way?

How to navigate in JSF? How to make URL reflect current page (and not previous one)

I&#39;m running nginx in a Virtual Machine using NAT and I&#39;m having redirection issues when I access it from the host machine.

### Works as expected
- `http://localhost:8080/test/index.htm`: works.
- `http://localhost:8080/test/`: works.

### Doesn&#39;t work as expected
- `http://localhost:8080/test`: redirects to `http://localhost/test/` . This is ***not*** what I want. **(notice it strips the port number)**

### What I&#39;ve tried

Based on what I&#39;ve googled, I tried `server_name_in_redirect off;` and `rewrite ^([^.]*[^/])$ $1/ permanent;`, both with no success.


### My default.conf:

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        # server_name_in_redirect off;
        
        location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        }
    
        location ~ \.php$ {
    	# rewrite ^([^.]*[^/])$ $1/ permanent;
            root           /usr/share/nginx/html;
            try_files      $uri =404;
            #fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_pass   unix:/tmp/php5-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
    
    
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }

    }



Nginx causes 301 redirect if there&#39;s no trailing slash

In Django, how can I do a simple redirect directly from urls.py? Naturally I am a well organized guy, favoring the DRY principle, so I would like to get the target based on it&#39;s named url pattern, rather than hard coding the url.

Redirect to named url pattern directly from urls.py in django?

I am using S3 to host a javascript app that will use HTML5 pushStates. The problem is if the user bookmarks any of the URLs, it will not resolve to anything. What I need is the ability to take all url requests and serve up the root index.html in my S3 bucket, rather than just doing a full redirect. Then my javascript application could parse the URL and serve the proper page. 

Is there any way to tell S3 to serve the index.html for all URL requests instead of doing redirects? This would be similar to setting up apache to handle all incoming requests by serving up a single index.html as in this example: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10647521/1762614. I would really like to avoid running a web server just to handle these routes. Doing everything from S3 is very appealing. 

S3 Static Website Hosting Route All Paths to Index.html

So I am currently writing a test for a controller in an existing controller that just didn&#39;t have one before. What I want to test is a redirect that happens when someone is not allowed to edit something vs someone that is allowed to edit it.

the controller action being edit 

    def edit
      if !@scorecard.reviewed? || admin?
        @company = @scorecard.company
        @custom_css_include = &quot;confirmation_page&quot;
      else
        redirect_to :back
      end
    end

So if a scorecard has been reviewed then only an admin can edit that score.
The routes for that controller..

    # scorecards
    resources :scorecards do
      member do
        get &#39;report&#39;
      end
      resources :inaccuracy_reports, :only =&gt; [:new, :create]
    end

and finally the test

      require &#39;spec_helper&#39;
 
      describe ScorecardsController do

        describe &quot;GET edit&quot; do
          before(:each) do
            @agency = Factory(:agency)
            @va = Factory(:va_user, :agency =&gt; @agency)
            @admin = Factory(:admin)
            @company = Factory(:company)
            @scorecard = Factory(:scorecard, :level =&gt; 1, :company =&gt; @company, :agency =&gt; @agency, :reviewed =&gt; true)
            request.env[&quot;HTTP_REFERER&quot;] = &quot;/scorecard&quot;
          end

          context &quot;as a admin&quot; do
            before(:each) do
              controller.stub(:current_user).and_return @admin
            end

            it &quot;allows you to edit a reviewed scorecard&quot; do
              get &#39;edit&#39;, :id =&gt; @scorecard.id
              response.status.should be(200)
            end
          end
    
          context &quot;as a va_user&quot; do
            before(:each) do
            controller.stub(:current_user).and_return @va
          end

    	  it &quot;does not allow you to edit a reviewed scorecard&quot; do
    	    get &#39;edit&#39;, :id =&gt; @scorecard.id
    	    response.should redirect_to :back
          end
        end
      end
    end

so a va when trying to edit a reviewed score will be redirected back, where an admin won&#39;t.

but when running this through rspec I get

    ScorecardsController
      GET edit
        as a admin
          allows you to edit a reviewed scorecard
        as a va_user
          does not allow you to edit a reviewed scorecard (FAILED - 1)

    Failures:

      1) ScorecardsController GET edit as a va_user does not allow you to edit a reviewed scorecard
         Failure/Error: response.should redirect_to :back
       Expected response to be a redirect to &lt;/scorecard&gt; but was a redirect to &lt;http://test.host/&gt;
         # ./spec/controllers/scorecards_controller_spec.rb:33:in `block (4 levels) in &lt;top (required)&gt;&#39;

    Finished in 0.48517 seconds
    2 examples, 1 failure

so I don&#39;t know if its working or not since I set the `request.env[&quot;HTTP_REFERER&quot;] = &quot;/scorecard&quot;` as the place that should be the `:back` as it where. or am I missing the idea all together looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://httpstatus.es/&quot;&gt;httpstatus&lt;/a&gt; there are the 300 responses that I could use but I wouldn&#39;t know where to start?

any help would be awesome 

&lt;h2&gt;EDIT&lt;/h2&gt;

I could test it by doing it like this
    
    ...
    response.status.should be(302)

but I got the idea from this &lt;a href=&quot;https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6040479/rspec-testing-redirect-to-back&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; and it sounds like this could be powerful as it specifies the url redirected to.

Anyone have a working test like this?

Rails/Rspec - testing a redirect in the controller

I want to implement a command which can stop flask application by using flask-script.
I have searched the solution for a while. Because the framework doesn&#39;t provide `app.stop()` API, I am curious about how to code this. I am working on Ubuntu 12.10 and Python 2.7.3.


How to stop flask application without using ctrl-c

Let&#39;s say I have a `User` model with fields `popularity` and `date_created`. I want to do the following query:

    SELECT * FROM user ORDER BY popularity DESC, date_created DESC LIMIT 10

In SQLAlchemy, for a single one this works:

    User.query.order_by(User.popularity.desc()).limit(10).all()

Should I just add another `order_by()`? Or put both `popularity` and `date_created` in my current `order_by()`?

I want `popularity` to have priority on `date_created` for ordering.

How can I do multiple &quot;order_by&quot; in Flask-SQLAlchemy?

I want to detect if the request came from the `localhost:5000` or `foo.herokuapp.com` host and what path was requested.  How do I get this information about a Flask request?

How do I get the different parts of a Flask request&#39;s url?

I read that [sending cookies with cURL](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7181785/send-cookies-with-curl) works, but not for me.

I have a REST endpoint like this:

    class LoginResource(restful.Resource):
        def get(self):
            print(session)
            if &#39;USER_TOKEN&#39; in session:
                return &#39;OK&#39;
            return &#39;not authorized&#39;, 401

When I try to access the endpoint, it refuses:

    curl -v -b ~/Downloads/cookies.txt -c ~/Downloads/cookies.txt http://127.0.0.1:5000/
    * About to connect() to 127.0.0.1 port 5000 (#0)
    *   Trying 127.0.0.1...
    * connected
    * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 5000 (#0)
    &gt; GET / HTTP/1.1
    &gt; User-Agent: curl/7.27.0
    &gt; Host: 127.0.0.1:5000
    &gt; Accept: */*
    &gt;
    * HTTP 1.0, assume close after body
    &lt; HTTP/1.0 401 UNAUTHORIZED
    &lt; Content-Type: application/json
    &lt; Content-Length: 16
    &lt; Server: Werkzeug/0.8.3 Python/2.7.2
    &lt; Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2013 04:45:45 GMT
    &lt;
    * Closing connection #0
    &quot;not authorized&quot;%

Where my `~/Downloads/cookies.txt` is:

    cat ~/Downloads/cookies.txt
    USER_TOKEN=in

and the server receives nothing:

    127.0.0.1 - - [13/Apr/2013 21:43:52] &quot;GET / HTTP/1.1&quot; 401 -
    127.0.0.1 - - [13/Apr/2013 21:45:30] &quot;GET / HTTP/1.1&quot; 401 -
    &lt;SecureCookieSession {}&gt;
    &lt;SecureCookieSession {}&gt;
    127.0.0.1 - - [13/Apr/2013 21:45:45] &quot;GET / HTTP/1.1&quot; 401 -

What is it that I am missing?


How to use cURL to send Cookies?

I can query my `Seat` table for all seats where there is no invite assigned:

    seats = Seat.query.filter_by(invite=None).all()

However, when querying for all seats that have an invite assigned, I get a `NameError`:

    seats = Seat.query.filter_by(invite!=None).all()

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    NameError: name &#39;invite&#39; is not defined

Here is my `Seat` class:

    class Seat(db.Model):
        id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

        invite_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(&#39;invite.id&#39;))
        invite = db.relationship(&#39;Invite&#39;,
            backref=db.backref(&#39;folks&#39;, lazy=&#39;dynamic&#39;))

How can I query for all seats where the owner is not blank?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	ln2khanal	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	mdeous	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Make a POST request while redirecting in flask

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

How to update specific key's value in an associative array in PHP?

Include all pages in tampermonkey(userscript)

Attributions