Mac OSX python ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749)
PythonMacosSslPython Problem Overview
Many operations in python require accessing things via https. This includes pip install, or just using http.client.HTTPSConnection, or any modules or applications that use these things internally.
If python was installed from the official python pkg installer, downloaded from https://python.org, then it uses an internal version of openssl, and contains no root certificates. Anything that uses an SSL connection results in this error:
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749)
How can I install root certs to make the above error go away?
Python Solutions
Solution 1 - Python
When you run the python installer, they display this information to you. It is also documented in /Applications/Python 3.6/ReadMe.rtf
, but it's very easily overlooked.
Just browse to Applications/Python 3.6
and double-click Install Certificates.command
There is an issue in the Python bug tracker about this. http://bugs.python.org/issue29480
Update: This issue is marked as resolved in the bug tracker with this text being part of the latest comment: > ... For 3.7.0b2, I have tried to make things more obvious in two ways. One, the installer package will now attempt to open a Finder window for the /Application/Python 3.7 folder that contains the "Install Certificates.command". Two, rather than just a generic "installation complete" message at the end of the install, there is now a tailored message that urges the user to click on the "Install Certificates.command" icon. ...
Solution 2 - Python
I solved this problem using this command:
open /Applications/Python\ 3.7/Install\ Certificates.command
I have Python 3.7 in my machine.
Check this link - Fixing CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED error when trying requests-html out on Mac
Solution 3 - Python
Cool way to solve this issue for all your python version and without checking your version on macOS
bash /Applications/Python*/Install\ Certificates.command
This command is equivalent to:
...
bash /Applications/Python\ 2.7/Install\ Certificates.command
bash /Applications/Python\ 3.6/Install\ Certificates.command
bash /Applications/Python\ 3.7/Install\ Certificates.command
...
It helped me hope it will help you as well
Solution 4 - Python
If pip does not fix the issue
pip3 install --upgrade certifi
Then try the following scripts if you can't find the "Install Certificates.command"
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# install_certifi.py
#
# sample script to install or update a set of default Root Certificates
# for the ssl module. Uses the certificates provided by the certifi package:
# https://pypi.python.org/pypi/certifi
import os
import os.path
import ssl
import stat
import subprocess
import sys
STAT_0o775 = ( stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IXUSR
| stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IXGRP
| stat.S_IROTH | stat.S_IXOTH )
def main():
openssl_dir, openssl_cafile = os.path.split(
ssl.get_default_verify_paths().openssl_cafile)
# +++> if already done <----
#print(" -- pip install --upgrade certifi")
#subprocess.check_call([sys.executable,
# "-E", "-s", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "certifi"])
import certifi
# change working directory to the default SSL directory
os.chdir(openssl_dir)
relpath_to_certifi_cafile = os.path.relpath(certifi.where())
print(" -- removing any existing file or link")
try:
os.remove(openssl_cafile)
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
print(" -- creating symlink to certifi certificate bundle")
os.symlink(relpath_to_certifi_cafile, openssl_cafile)
print(" -- setting permissions")
os.chmod(openssl_cafile, STAT_0o775)
print(" -- update complete")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Solution 5 - Python
In my case none of the solutions worked with the system installed python3 in macOS Catalina, neither did it work with python3 installed via brew.
If someone has a situation like this and wants a quick solution,
Download and install python3 again, using https://www.python.org/downloads/
At the end of the installation, the installer would show you a note, asking to run the Install Certificates.command
file.
(With the other installations, this file was not present, and neither was the solution with the file's source code working)
Restart the terminal, and you can type where python3
, to see /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin/python3
. Using this binary, the problem should not occur.
Note: It might be possible to make the system-installed python3 work, but in my case; it proved to be extremely hard, so I choose this way.
Solution 6 - Python
I faced the same problem, when I tried to run Python with Keras data loading. The error for me was:
Exception: URL fetch failure on AWS_URL: None -- [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:833)
I fixed my problem by upgrading the certificate as:
pip install --upgrade certifi
Solution 7 - Python
A cheap way around this is just using python3.5 if you still have it installed.
Pushing to PyPI:
python3.5 setup.py register -r pypitest
python3.5 setup.py sdist upload -r pypitest
pipping seems to work fine with 3.6 out of the box..
Solution 8 - Python
Confirm you are not in a virtualenv. I tried the above without success, only to realise my installations were failing because I was on a virtualenv
Solution 9 - Python
If you're using MacOS go to Applications >> python3.8 >> and double-click Install Certificates.command. This worked for me.
Solution 10 - Python
For me, it was a misspecification of the request. I'd made a https
call instead of a http
call. Changing to http solved it.
Solution 11 - Python
Ensure that you do not have SSL_CERT_FILE
environment variable set. I had the same problem, it took a while before I figured out some application was setting this variable as an empty string inside my bash profile.
Solution 12 - Python
I had the same issue with macOS Big Sur. Here is what I did to solve the issue.
IDE - Pycharm
Python Version Downloaded - 3.9.6
- Download the latest python version and remove the earlier version
- While installation, at the end (Summary Section), there is a small note to install an SSL Certificate. Read that Summary section carefully.
- Double click the SSL Certificate path provided in the summary
- It will take you to the respective folder where there should be one file named - "Install Certificate Command"
- Double click on that file, it should open the terminal and will run the code automatically. Wait till you receive the message as "[Completed Successfully]".
- Once done close and restart terminal/IDE and this should resolve your issue.
Note: if you have anaconda and python both installed on your system then check whether you are using the correct python version in the IDE which the latest version downloaded and not from Anaconda.
Enjoy.
Solution 13 - Python
Just REINSTALL your Python on your Mac
Solution 14 - Python
sometimes if you're using conda or poetry you may be in a virtual environment shell. you can check with:
which python
for me the solution was as simple as cmd+t
to open a new shell.
Solution 15 - Python
If you're using macOS open finder and go to Applications > Python3.7 folder (or whatever version of python you're using) > double click on "Install Certificates.command" file.