The values `true` and `false` are actual boolean values, the rest are integers. See http://json.org/ for more.

JSON is a format for transferring data.  
It has no notion of equality.

JSON _parsers_ treat booleans and numbers as distinct types.

I prefer using 0/1 instead of true/false, because 0/1 consume only 1 byte while true/false consume 4/5 bytes. 

As mentioned, at JSON level, 0 and false are not the same; data types are number versus boolean.
But JSON processing libraries can choose to do conversions; especially on languages/platforms that do not have native boolean type, for example. In that case, another representation may be used (empty string or 0 for false).

Further, it is also possible that processing libraries can coerce types: such that if a boolean value is expected, certain number/string values (or JSON &#39;null&#39; token) can be accepted instead.
This is fairly common, due to differences on data type choices on different languages.



I had been programming under the assumption that, when calling a method in C# 4.0, supplying names for your arguments would not affect the outcome unless in doing so you were &quot;skipping&quot; one or more optional parameters.

So I was a bit surprised to discover the following behavior:

Given a method which takes a `Func&lt;T&gt;`, executes it and returns the result:

    public static T F&lt;T&gt;(Func&lt;T&gt; f)
    {
        return f();
    }

And another method from which the above method is visible:

    static void Main()
    {
        string s;

calling F (without named arguments) compiles without any issues:

        s = F&lt;string&gt;(() =&gt; &quot;hello world&quot;); // with explicit type argument &lt;string&gt;
        s = F(() =&gt; &quot;hello world&quot;); // with type inference

And when using a named argument...

        s = F&lt;string&gt;(f: () =&gt; &quot;hello world&quot;);

... the above line of code using the explicit type argument still compiles without issues. And maybe not too surprisingly, if you have ReSharper installed it will suggest that the &quot;Type argument specification is redundant&quot;.

However, when removing the type argument...

        s = F(f: () =&gt; &quot;hello world&quot;);

the C# compiler will report this error:

&gt;The type arguments for method &#39;Program.F&lt;T&gt;(System.Func&lt;T&gt;)&#39; cannot be inferred from the usage. Try specifying the type arguments explicitly.

Is there a logical explanation for this interaction between named arguments and type inference?

Is this behavior documented somewhere in the language specification?

I understand that it is not necessary at all for me to name the argument. However, I discovered this behavior in a much more complex scenario where I thought it might make sense to name the arguments in my method call for internal documentation purposes. I am not asking how to work around this issue. I am trying to understand some of the finer points of the language.

To make things more interesting I discovered that the following all compiles without issues:

        Func&lt;string&gt; func = () =&gt; &quot;hello world&quot;;
        s = F&lt;string&gt;(func);
        s = F(func);
        s = F&lt;string&gt;(f: func);
        s = F(f: func);
    }

By the way I have observed the same behavior with non-static methods. I just chose to use static methods to make the example here a bit shorter.

Named arguments and generic type inference in C# 4.0

I have a WPF application. 

The page that opens when the app runs in `MainWindow.xaml`, as set in the *StartupUri* attribute of the `App.xaml` file. This page opens fine. 

However, if I try to open any other windows using the **Show** or **ShowDialog** method I get an `IOException` in the `InitializeComponent` method saying `&quot;Cannot locate resource &#39;Window1.xaml&#39;&quot;` (or whatever the file is called). This happens with every single window I create. I&#39;ve searched online but all the solutions seem to say &quot;make sure the StartupUri attribute of the App.xaml is correct&quot; and mine is, hence MainWindow opening. 

Any idea what&#39;s going on?

WPF IOException Cannot locate resource

Does JSON treat these all the same? Or are they a mix of Integers and booleans?   

    var data =
    {
        &quot;zero&quot; : 0,
        &quot;one&quot; : 1,
        &quot;false&quot; : 0,
        &quot;true&quot; : 1,
        &quot;0&quot; : false,
        &quot;1&quot; : true
    }

JSON values 1 or 0 - int or boolean

Does JSON treat these all the same? Or are they a mix of Integers and booleans?
<pre><code class="hljs language-kotlin">var data =
{
 "zero" : 0,
 "one" : 1,
 "false" : 0,
 "true" : 1,
 "0" : false,
 "1" : true
}
</code></pre>

The (now defunct) page http://stream.twitter.com/1/statuses/sample.json used to return a continuous and endless stream of JSON data.

I&#39;d like to process it using jQuery (or JavaScript, but preferably jQuery) inside my own web page to be able to display visual effects based on the live feed of tweets.

Since as far as I know the jQuery `parseJSON` function will only execute the callback function after all the data has been sent by the server, but this is actually a continuous stream of data. How can I process the data &quot;as it happens&quot; but still keep the connection running?

Process a continuous stream of JSON

I want to convert JSON data into a Python object.

I receive JSON data objects from the Facebook API, which I want to store in my database.  

My current View in Django (Python) (`request.POST` contains the JSON):

    response = request.POST
    user = FbApiUser(user_id = response[&#39;id&#39;])
    user.name = response[&#39;name&#39;]
    user.username = response[&#39;username&#39;]
    user.save()

- This works fine, but how do I handle complex JSON data objects?   
- Wouldn&#39;t it be much better if I could somehow convert this JSON object into a Python object for easy use?

How to convert JSON data into a Python object?

I am trying to encode an array which contains floats and `NaN` into JSON string from Python using `json.dumps()`.

But the encoded JSON string is not being decoded successfully in PHP. Is the `NaN` causing this problem? How can I work around this situation?

sending NaN in json

I have the following code:

    var user = (Dictionary&lt;string, object&gt;)serializer.DeserializeObject(responsecontent);


The input in `responsecontent` is JSON, but it is not properly parsed into an object. How should I properly deserialize it?

How can I parse JSON with C#?

I have the same issue as in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5773683/excel-vba-parsed-json-object-loop but cannot find any solution. My JSON has nested objects so suggested solution like VBJSON and vba-json do not work for me. I also fixed one of them to work properly but the result was a call stack overflow because of to many recursion of the doProcess function.

The best solution appears to be the jsonDecode function seen in the original post. It is very fast and highly effective; my object structure is all there in a generic VBA Object of type JScriptTypeInfo.

The issue at this point is that I cannot determine what will be the structure of the objects, therefore, I do not know beforehand the keys that will reside in each generic objects. I need to loop through the generic VBA Object to acquire the keys/properties. 

If my parsing javascript function could trigger a VBA function or sub, that would be excellent. 

Parsing JSON in Excel VBA

I want to convert an Integer 35634646 to have the thousand &quot;,&quot; so it should be 35,634,646.

What would be the quickest way to doing that? 

Converting Integer to String with comma for thousands

Aside from `Integer.parseInt()` handling the minus sign (as documented), are there any other differences between `Integer.valueOf()` and `Integer.parseInt()`?

And since neither can parse `,` as a &lt;del&gt;decimal&lt;/del&gt; thousands separator (produces `NumberFormatException`), is there an already available Java method to do that?

Integer.valueOf() vs. Integer.parseInt()

As I&#39;ve learned recently, a `long` in C/C++ is the same length as an `int`.  To put it simply, why?  It seems almost pointless to even include the datatype in the language.  Does it have any uses specific to it that an `int` doesn&#39;t have?  I know we can declare a 64-bit `int` like so:

    long long x = 0;

But why does the language choose to do it this way, rather than just making a `long` well...longer than an `int`?  Other languages such as C# do this, so why not C/C++?

Long Vs. Int C/C++ - What&#39;s The Point?

How do I represent minimum and maximum values for integers in Python? In Java, we have `Integer.MIN_VALUE` and `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

Maximum and Minimum values for ints

I want to convert a string to an int and I don&#39;t mean ASCII codes.

For a quick run-down, we are passed in an equation as a string. We are to break it down, format it correctly and solve the linear equations. Now, in saying that, I&#39;m not able to convert a string to an int.

I know that the string will be in either the format (-5) or (25) etc. so it&#39;s definitely an int. But how do we extract that from a string?

One way I was thinking is running a for/while loop through the string, check for a digit, extract all the digits after that and then look to see if there was a leading &#39;-&#39;, if there is, multiply the int by -1.

It seems a bit over complicated for such a small problem though. Any ideas?

How can I convert a std::string to int?

I&#39;m facing the problem that C# in my case can&#39;t cast the number 1 to bool. In my scenario `(bool)intValue` doesn&#39;t work. I get an `InvalidCastException`. I know I can use `Convert.ToBoolean(...)` but I&#39;m just wondering it doesn&#39;t work. Any explanation for this?

My code is

    if (actualValueType.Name == &quot;Boolean&quot; || setValueType.Name == &quot;Boolean&quot;)
    {
       if ((bool)actualValue != (bool)setValue)
       ...
    }



Can&#39;t cast int to bool

For the following sample:

    def fuctionName(int, bool):
        if int in range(...):
            if bool == True:
                return False
            else:
                return True

Is there any way to skip the second if-statement? Just to tell the computer to return the opposite of the boolean `bool`?

How do I get the opposite (negation) of a Boolean in Python?

What is the difference between the two methods 

`Convert.ToBoolean()` 

and 

`Boolean.Parse()`?

Is there any reason to use one or the other?

Additionally, are there any other `type.Parse()` methods that I should watch out for?


Thanks,

Matt

What is the difference between Convert.ToBoolean(string) and Boolean.Parse(string)?

I&#39;m new to C# and could not find [XNOR][1] operator to provide this truth table:

&lt;pre&gt;
a  b    a XNOR b
----------------
T  T       T
T  F       F
F  T       F
F  F       T
&lt;/pre&gt;


Is there a specific operator for this? Or I need to use !(A^B)?


  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_biconditional

Is there XNOR (Logical biconditional) operator in C#?

As we have `%d` for int. What is the format specifier for boolean values?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Phill Pafford	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Json	Rob Agar	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Json	SLaks	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Json	Hieu Vo	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Json	StaxMan	View Answer on Stackoverflow

JSON values 1 or 0 - int or boolean

Json Problem Overview

Json Solutions

Solution 1 - Json

Solution 2 - Json

Solution 3 - Json

Solution 4 - Json

WPF IOException Cannot locate resource

Named arguments and generic type inference in C# 4.0

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