The problem with having a &quot;plush&quot; REST client library is that REST itself isn&#39;t that well-defined. REST, in and of itself, just means that you want to use HTTP standards whenever possible, but other than that, the field is wide open.

Is the data encoded with JSON? What are the URL schemes and what do they mean?

Since REST basically just means HTTP, your best bet is httplib, but I wouldn&#39;t describe it as plush.

I&#39;ve mostly used just [urllib2][1] or [httplib2][2]. I haven&#39;t really found a use for a general purpose REST client.


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2
  [2]: http://code.google.com/p/httplib2/

Something like a generic REST library is hardly possible since each REST interface is different. Whith [WADL][1] there has been an attempt to establish a WSDL-lik interface description language for RESTful services. Using such a description a generic client would be possible but no one seems to care about WADL. And everyone seems fine with that.


  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Application_Description_Language

I&#39;m writing a web app to be used offline on iOS.  I&#39;ve created a manifest, am serving it up as `text/cache-manifest`, and it usually works fine, when running inside Safari.

If I add it as an app to my home screen, then turn on Airplane mode, it can&#39;t open the app at all -- I get an error and it offers to close the app.  (I thought this was the entire purpose of an offline app!)

 * When I load the app a first time when online, I can see in my logs that it&#39;s requesting every page listed in the manifest.

 * If I turn off Airplane mode, and load the app, I can see the first file it&#39;s requesting is my main.html file (which is both listed in the manifest, and has the `manifest=...` attribute).  It then requests the manifest, and all my other files, getting 200&#39;s for all (and 304&#39;s for anything requested a second time during this load).

 * When I load the page in Chrome, and click around, the logs show the only thing it&#39;s trying to reach on the server is &quot;/favicon.ico&quot; (which is a 404, and which I don&#39;t think iOS Safari tries to load, anyway).  All of the files listed in the manifest are valid and served without error.

 * The Chrome inspector lists, under &quot;APPLICATION CACHE&quot;, all the cached files I&#39;ve listed which I expect.  The entire set of files is about 50 KB, way under any limit on offline resources that I&#39;ve found.

Is this supposed to work, i.e., am I supposed to be able to create an offline iOS app using only HTML/CSS/JS?  And where do I go about figuring out why it&#39;s failing to work offline?


(Related but doesn&#39;t sound quite the same to me, since it&#39;s about Safari and not a standalone app: &quot;[Can&#39;t get a web app to work offline on iPod][1]&quot;)


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4230748/cant-get-a-web-app-to-work-offline-on-ipod

Offline iOS web app: loads my manifest, but doesn&#39;t work offline

I keep getting the same issue over and over again where an object I want to reference is copied or where an object I want to copy is referenced. This happens when I use the = operator.

For example, if I am sending the object to another form, ie: 

    SomeForm myForm = new SomeForm();
    SomeObject myObject = new SomeObject();
    myForm.formObject = myObject;

...and then modify the object in the form, the original object does not get modified. It is as if the object was copied and not referenced. Yet, when I do this:

    SomeObject myObject = new SomeObject();
    SomeObject anotherObject = new SomeObject();
    anotherObject = myObject;

...and then modify `anotherObject`, `myObject` gets modified as well.

The most aggravating case is when I try to Clone one of my defined objects:

    public class SomeObject
    {
        double value1, value2;
    
        //default constructor here
    
        public SomeObject(val1, val2)
        {
            value1 = val1;
            value2 = val2;
        }
    
        public void Clone(SomeObject thingToCopy)
        {
            this.value1 = thingToCopy.value1;
            this.value2 = thingToCopy.value2;
        }
    }

when I do this...

    SomeObject obj1 = new SomeObject(1, 2);
    SomeObject obj2 = new SomeObject();
    obj2.Clone(obj1);

...`obj1` is referenced and any modifications to `obj2` changes `obj1`.

System objects such as &lt;code&gt;int, double, string&lt;/code&gt;, etc seem to always be copied, except for in the case of the clone method above.

My question is, not taking into account the use of the &lt;code&gt;ref&lt;/code&gt; keyword in functions, when does an object get copied and when does an object get referenced in every case of the matter (i.e. when passing to functions, when setting as other objects (like the first two above examples), when copying member variables like the third example, etc.)?

When is a C# value/object copied and when is its reference copied?

Ok.  I want to consume REST based services.  

I&#39;d like to use python. In fact, I am going to use python.

The way I&#39;d like to use it is from the command line/ipython, to try out different REST services, with intention of formally coding it later. ( my usage of the REST service _not_ the generic api thing ) 

I&#39;m looking for a pretty generic, fully featured REST client/API in python.  Not bare bones, but plush, nice to use.  There are tons of them out there, but I&#39;d kind of like to settle on one and master it.  

Any suggestions?

EDIT:  This is one:

https://github.com/benoitc/restkit

EDIT: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests  is exactly it.

EDIT: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/siesta  is just as perfect!

Is there a Generic python library to consume REST based services?

Ok. I want to consume REST based services.
I'd like to use python. In fact, I am going to use python.
The way I'd like to use it is from the command line/ipython, to try out different REST services, with intention of formally coding it later. ( my usage of the REST service not the generic api thing )
I'm looking for a pretty generic, fully featured REST client/API in python. Not bare bones, but plush, nice to use. There are tons of them out there, but I'd kind of like to settle on one and master it.
Any suggestions?
EDIT: This is one:
<a href="https://github.com/benoitc/restkit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/benoitc/restkit</a>
EDIT: <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests</a> is exactly it.
EDIT: <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/siesta" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://pypi.python.org/pypi/siesta</a> is just as perfect!

Instead of doing this:

    res = HttpResponse(&quot;Unauthorized&quot;)
    res.status_code = 401
    return res


Is there a way to do it without typing it every time?

How do I return a 401 Unauthorized in Django?

There has to be an easier way to do this. I have objects that want to be refreshed every so often, so I want to record when they were created, check against the current timestamp, and refresh as necessary. 

datetime.datetime has proven to be difficult, and I don&#39;t want to dive into the ctime library. Is there anything easier for this sort of thing? 

How do I check the difference, in seconds, between two dates?

I have a list of numbers such as `[1,2,3,4,5...]`, and I want to calculate `(1+2)/2` and for the second, `(2+3)/2` and the third,
`(3+4)/2`, and so on. How can I do that?

I would like to sum the first number with the second and divide it by 2, then sum the second with the third and divide by 2, and so on.

Also, how can I sum a list of numbers?

    a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...]

Is it:

    b = sum(a)
    print b

to get one number?

This doesn&#39;t work for me.



Sum a list of numbers in Python

I&#39;m parsing text from file with Python. I have to replace all newlines (\n) with &lt;br /&gt; cause this text will build html-content. For example, here is some line from file:

    &#39;title\n&#39;
Now I do:

    thatLine.replace(&#39;\n&#39;, &#39;&lt;br /&gt;&#39;)
    print thatLine

And I still see the text with newline after it.

Replace \n with &lt;br /&gt;

I have a 2D `numpy` array. Is there a way to create a view onto it that would include the first `k` rows and all columns?

The point is to avoid copying the underlying data (the array is so large that making partial copies is not feasible.)

View onto a numpy array?

We are planning a project primarily serving content to mobile apps, but need to have a website.

My question is whether is makes sense to use Jersey or Restlet to develop REST APIs for our mobile apps, and then use Play! to serve the website. 

Or does it make more sense to just use Play! to do it all? If so, how to do REST with Play! framework? 

RESTful on Play! framework

I have an ASP.Net single-file web service (a `.ashx` file containing an `IHttpHandler` implementation) which needs to be able to return errors as responses with **500 Internal Server Error** status codes. This is a relatively straightforward thing to do in PHP:

    header(&quot;HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error&quot;);
    header(&quot;Content-Type: text/plain&quot;);
    echo &quot;Unable to connect to database on $dbHost&quot;;

The ASP.Net (C#) equivalent should be:

    Context.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
    Context.Response.ContentType = &quot;text/plain&quot;;
    Context.Response.Write(&quot;Unable to connect to database on &quot; + dbHost);

Of course, this doesn&#39;t work as expected; instead, IIS intercepts the 500 status code, trashes whatever I&#39;ve written to the `Response` object, and sends either debug info or a custom error page, depending on how the app is configured.

My question - how can I suppress this IIS behaviour and send error information directly from my `IHttpHandler` implementation?

This app is a port from PHP; the client-side is already written, so I&#39;m essentially stuck with this spec. Sending errors with a 200 status code sadly doesn&#39;t fit the mould.

Ideally, I need to control the behaviour programmatically, because this is part of an SDK we want to distribute without any &quot;_edit this file_&quot; and &quot;_change this IIS setting_&quot; supplementary instructions.

Thanks!

**Edit**: Sorted. `Context.Response.TrySkipIisCustomErrors = true` was the ticket. Wow.

How to send a Status Code 500 in ASP.Net and still write to the response?

I am building a REST API for my project. The API for getting a given user&#39;s INFO is:

    api.com/users/[USER-ID]

I would like to also allow the client to pass in a list of user IDs. How can I construct the API so that it is RESTful and takes in a list of user ID&#39;s?

How to construct a REST API that takes an array of id&#39;s for the resources

So, I was looking through some articles on creating REST API&#39;s.
And some of them suggest using all types of HTTP requests: like `PUT` `DELETE` `POST` `GET`.
We would create for example _index.php_ and write API this way:

    $method = $_SERVER[&#39;REQUEST_METHOD&#39;];
    $request = split(&quot;/&quot;, substr(@$_SERVER[&#39;PATH_INFO&#39;], 1));
    
    switch ($method) {
      case &#39;PUT&#39;:
        ....some put action.... 
        break;
      case &#39;POST&#39;:
        ....some post action.... 
        break;
      case &#39;GET&#39;:
        ....some get action.... 
        break;
      case &#39;DELETE&#39;:
        ....some delete action.... 
        break;
    }


OK, granted - I don&#39;t know much about web services (yet). 
But, wouldn&#39;t it be easier to just accept _JSON_ object through regular `POST` or `GET` (that would contain method name and all parameters) and then respond in JSON as well. We can easily serialize/deserialize via PHP&#39;s `json_encode()` and `json_decode()` and do whatever we want with that data without having to deal with different HTTP request methods.

Am I missing something?

**UPDATE 1:**

Ok - after digging through various API&#39;s and learning a lot about _XML-RPC_, _JSON-RPC_, _SOAP_, _REST_ I came to a conclusion that this type of API is sound. Actually stack exchange is pretty much using this approach on their sites and I do think that these people know what they are doing [Stack Exchange API][1].



  [1]: https://stackapps.com/questions/2/getting-started-with-the-api

REST API - why use PUT DELETE POST GET?

I have a product with a straightforward REST API so that users of the product can directly integrate with the product&#39;s features without using my web user interface.

Recently I have been getting interest from various third parties about integrating their desktop clients with the API to allow users of my product to access their data using that third party application.

I&#39;ve seen that applications that want to use Twitter authenticate using a login page hosted by Twitter that grants a specific application permission to access that user&#39;s data. You click the &quot;Allow&quot; or &quot;Deny&quot; button and the authentication process is complete. Facebook uses the same mechanism as best I can tell.

Upon further research, this seems to be OAuth in action, and seeing as my API is .Net-based, I am thinking I should use DotNetOpenAuth and provide a similar mechanism. Unfortunately the samples are sparsely documented (if at all) and the only tutorials I can find online seem to be focussed on helping you provide a login mechanism for your users so that they can log into your website using a third party provider.

What I would *really* like to do is have my REST API handle all of the core authentication and business logic for my web application and have, under the hood, my web application essentially be another application that just uses the API via OAuth. Users would authenticate on the website either directly using their username and password, or via a third party provider such as MyOpenID or Facebook and then the website would somehow use the returned token to authenticate against the REST API.

![Architectural Diagram][1]

It basically looks like I need my API to somehow host an OAuth service, but also have users use a third party OAuth service. I can&#39;t help but think I don&#39;t quite have enough of a grasp on OAuth to decide if I&#39;m overcomplicating things or if what I&#39;m trying to do is a good or bad way to do things.

Can someone give me at least a broad overview of the steps I need to undertake, or what I should look at to make this happen? Or point me at some tutorials? Or blast my proposal and tell me I&#39;m going about this (architecturally) all wrong?

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/neKuF.png

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	chiggsy	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Ken Kinder	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Casey	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	h0b0	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Is there a Generic python library to consume REST based services?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Solution 3 - Python

When is a C# value/object copied and when is its reference copied?

Offline iOS web app: loads my manifest, but doesn't work offline

Attributions