Is it ok to use <strong> in place of <b> blindly?
HtmlXhtmlAccessibilityWeb StandardsSemantic MarkupHtml Problem Overview
Note: I know <b> is presentational and <span style="font-weight:bold> is a better way, and <strong> and <em> are for emphasis but my question is not regarding this.
Should we convert every <b> to <strong> blindly? Many people do this, they think <b> is not good as per web standards so they convert every <b> to <strong> upon site redesign, content re-population, new site design and people suggest this to others also.
Dreamweaver has also given the option to convert all <b> and <i> to <strong> and <em> on code paste in design view and when we use B and I Which people use blindly.
And Dreamweaver (if above option is checked) and many online WYSIWYG editor give output in <strong> and <em> while button shows B and I.
In my opinion it's creating a misconception about <strong> and <b>
When we get content from a client we don't know where the client wants to give emphasize and where he just wants to use bold text for presentation purposes. What should we do in this circumstance? No one has the time to give to decide for each instance (us and the client), whether it should be <b> or <strong>, <i> or <em>
What are the pros and cons to convert every <b> and <i> into <strong> and <em> blindly if we are saying our site is accessible?
Update: remember <b> and <i> are not deprecated they are in HTML 5 specification
Html Solutions
Solution 1 - Html
As others have mentioned, using <strong>, <em>, <cite> etc. adds semantics. This is important because you say something about why you want to emphasize something and increase the readability of your html, because you know why it's in bold.
Furthermore, screen readers use the strong tags to make an audible difference when reading it aloud.
Maybe you could think about the audio represenation as a guide. If you would want a difference when read aloud, for instance, mark it as <strong>. If not, use <b>.
Then there is the issue of rendering: I don't actually know if all browsers will render a <strong> as bold and if it will stay that way.
So in short: <strong>No</strong>.
Solution 2 - Html
> Is it ok to use <strong> in place of <b> blindly?
No.
To quote Anne van Kesteren (source):
> Let me give some contradictory advice. Please do replace em with i and strong with b. The resulting markup is likely more accurate. Especially with WYSIWYG software it is extremely unlikely they will be used correctly, but also because the notion spread that they are interchangeable with the sole difference being that strong and em are semantic a lot of misuse happened. When in doubt, use i and b.
And he’s right, of course. strong and b are not the same. em and i are not the same. Only use strong / em if you want to add semantical emphasis to text.
Solution 3 - Html
<b>, <i>, <tt> are strictly typographical.
By saying typographical, I don't mean visual. I mean semantics expressed by the look. They need additional context to have specific meaning (eg. definition, like:
> * text in italics were taken from ...
or relying on typographic convention, like that the text in bold are eye-catchers and the italics mean context change). In typographical conventions bolds and italics are some kind of parenthesis nesting.
(for example [this one has another context])
for example this one has another context
These tags are the port of traditional, printed typography, in which semantics is carried by the specific visual presentation.
As you pointed out, they are considered to be deprecated, but not in XHTML5. Why? I think, mostly that the web content is not only for the e-media. If you print web document, these tags may replace the syntax of some expressions used for example in TeX.
<strong> and <em> are strictly for semantics,
telling how the text should be read and emphasized.
So to recap, none of these tag means the same as other, so they not even should not be used, but may not be used interchangeably, nor substituted. In particular, blindly.
AFIR, Dreamweaver is not the model of the WYSIWYM editor. I have always considered it to be next generation of FrontPage thinking (ease of use and getting things done now, and forget about the future and scalability).
So I understand the surprise here, and your misconception feeling is right :)
Solution 4 - Html
We shouldn't swap b and strong blindly as they have different intended purpose.
<b> and <i> are not presentational elements as per the HTML5 spec. They have a different meaning and purpose. Quoting the HTML5 specs,
> The b element represents a span of text to be stylistically offset > from the normal prose without conveying any extra importance, such as > key words in a document abstract, product names in a review, or other > spans of text whose typical typographic presentation is boldened.
and for the i element,
> The i element represents a span of text in an alternate voice or mood,
> or otherwise offset from the normal prose, such as a taxonomic
> designation, a technical term, an idiomatic phrase from another
> language, a thought, a ship name, or some other prose whose typical
> typographic presentation is italicized.
As others have very well clarified, i and em cannot be used interchangeably and so is the case with b and strong.
The usage of i and b for their intended purpose is very rare. (eg. in dialogue scripts, thesis, resumes)
References:
Solution 5 - Html
If you just want to use bold text, make it bold via css. If the "bold" font weight has no semantical meaning, you should not use <strong> or <em> for it. However, you shouldn't use <b> or <i> either because these are non-semantic (in fact they are font-style tags) and their use is thus discouraged if not even deprecated.
Solution 6 - Html
<b> and <strong> are not necessarily the same. <strong> as you suggested are for higher emphasis, while <b> are for styling purposes only. So you should not switch them blindly.
Some people will say that the <b> tag is being deprecated, but it's not. It's still alive and kicking. However; it is not very semantic, as you're saying, so it might be a better option to use a <span> and style it.
Solution 7 - Html
As others have said there's a semantic difference between strong/b and i/em. Especially they are used by screenreaders for visually impaired people visiting your website. For them it makes a huge difference if you just make some text bold-face, or if you want to add some kind of EMphasis to what you're saying on your website. So be sure to carefully consider making something bold using B or STRONG. The same goes for EM and I.
Solution 8 - Html
There are some great answers here already, but for those of you that still don't quite understand and need a further explanation and example, I found a useful explanation of this in the HTML Text, Web Platform Docs tutorial. The tutorial explains the difference in use between <strong> and <b> a little past halfway down the page and gives examples.