Inline CSS styles in React: how to implement a:hover?
ReactjsReactjs Problem Overview
I quite like the inline CSS pattern in React and decided to use it.
However, you can't use the :hover
and similar selectors. So what's the best way to implement highlight-on-hover while using inline CSS styles?
One suggestion from #reactjs is to have a Clickable
component and use it like this:
<Clickable>
<Link />
</Clickable>
The Clickable
has a hovered
state and passes it as props to the Link. However, the Clickable
(the way I implemented it) wraps the Link
in a div
so that it can set onMouseEnter
and onMouseLeave
to it. This makes things a bit complicated though (e.g. span
wrapped in a div
behaves differently than span
).
Is there a simpler way?
Reactjs Solutions
Solution 1 - Reactjs
I think onMouseEnter and onMouseLeave are the ways to go, but I don't see the need for an additional wrapper component. Here is how I implemented it:
var Link = React.createClass({
getInitialState: function(){
return {hover: false}
},
toggleHover: function(){
this.setState({hover: !this.state.hover})
},
render: function() {
var linkStyle;
if (this.state.hover) {
linkStyle = {backgroundColor: 'red'}
} else {
linkStyle = {backgroundColor: 'blue'}
}
return(
<div>
<a style={linkStyle} onMouseEnter={this.toggleHover} onMouseLeave={this.toggleHover}>Link</a>
</div>
)
}
You can then use the state of hover (true/false) to change the style of the link.
Solution 2 - Reactjs
Late to party but come with solution. You can use "&" to defines styles for hover nth Child etc:
day: {
display: "flex",
flex: "1",
justifyContent: "center",
alignItems: "center",
width: "50px",
height: "50px",
transition: "all 0.2s",
borderLeft: "solid 1px #cccccc",
"&:hover": {
background: "#efefef"
},
"&:last-child": {
borderRight: "solid 1px #cccccc"
}
},
Solution 3 - Reactjs
I'm in the same situation. Really like the pattern of keeping the styling in the components but the hover states seems like the last hurdle.
What I did was writing a mixin that you can add to your component that needs hover states.
This mixin will add a new hovered
property to the state of your component. It will be set to true
if the user hovers over the main DOM node of the component and sets it back to false
if the users leaves the element.
Now in your component render function you can do something like:
<button style={m(
this.styles.container,
this.state.hovered && this.styles.hover,
)}>{this.props.children}</button>
Now each time the state of the hovered
state changes the component will rerender.
I've also create a sandbox repo for this that I use to test some of these patterns myself. Check it out if you want to see an example of my implementation.
https://github.com/Sitebase/cssinjs/tree/feature-interaction-mixin
Solution 4 - Reactjs
You can use Radium - it is an open source tool for inline styles with ReactJS. It adds exactly the selectors you need. Very popular, check it out - Radium on npm
Solution 5 - Reactjs
Here's my solution using React Hooks. It combines the spread operator and the ternary operator.
style.js
export default {
normal:{
background: 'purple',
color: '#ffffff'
},
hover: {
background: 'red'
}
}
Button.js
import React, {useState} from 'react';
import style from './style.js'
function Button(){
const [hover, setHover] = useState(false);
return(
<button
onMouseEnter={()=>{
setHover(true);
}}
onMouseLeave={()=>{
setHover(false);
}}
style={{
...style.normal,
...(hover ? style.hover : null)
}}>
MyButtonText
</button>
)
}
Solution 6 - Reactjs
Full CSS support is exactly the reason this huge amount of CSSinJS libraries, to do this efficiently, you need to generate actual CSS, not inline styles. Also inline styles are much slower in react in a bigger system. Disclaimer - I maintain JSS.
Solution 7 - Reactjs
Made Style It -- in part -- because of this reason (others being disagreements with implementation of other libs / syntax and inline stylings lack of support for prefixing property values). Believe we should be able to simply write CSS in JavaScript and have fully self contained components HTML-CSS-JS. With ES5 / ES6 template strings we now can and it can be pretty too! :)
npm install style-it --save
Functional Syntax (JSFIDDLE)
import React from 'react';
import Style from 'style-it';
class Intro extends React.Component {
render() {
return Style.it(`
.intro:hover {
color: red;
}
`,
<p className="intro">CSS-in-JS made simple -- just Style It.</p>
);
}
}
export default Intro;
JSX Syntax (JSFIDDLE)
import React from 'react';
import Style from 'style-it';
class Intro extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<Style>
{`
.intro:hover {
color: red;
}
`}
<p className="intro">CSS-in-JS made simple -- just Style It.</p>
</Style>
);
}
}
export default Intro;
Solution 8 - Reactjs
Adding on to Jonathan's answer, here are the events to cover the focus and active states, and a using onMouseOver
instead of onMouseEnter
since the latter will not bubble if you have any child elements within the target the event is being applied to.
var Link = React.createClass({
getInitialState: function(){
return {hover: false, active: false, focus: false}
},
toggleHover: function(){
this.setState({hover: !this.state.hover})
},
toggleActive: function(){
this.setState({active: !this.state.active})
},
toggleFocus: function(){
this.setState({focus: !this.state.focus})
},
render: function() {
var linkStyle;
if (this.state.hover) {
linkStyle = {backgroundColor: 'red'}
} else if (this.state.active) {
linkStyle = {backgroundColor: 'blue'}
} else if (this.state.focus) {
linkStyle = {backgroundColor: 'purple'}
}
return(
<div>
<a style={linkStyle}
onMouseOver={this.toggleHover}
onMouseOut={this.toggleHover}
onMouseUp={this.toggleActive}
onMouseDown={this.toggleActive}
onFocus={this.toggleFocus}>
Link
</a>
</div>
)
}
Solution 9 - Reactjs
Checkout Typestyle if you are using React with Typescript.
Below is a sample code for :hover
import {style} from "typestyle";
/** convert a style object to a CSS class name */
const niceColors = style({
transition: 'color .2s',
color: 'blue',
$nest: {
'&:hover': {
color: 'red'
}
}
});
<h1 className={niceColors}>Hello world</h1>
Solution 10 - Reactjs
In regards to styled-components and react-router v4 you can do this:
import {NavLink} from 'react-router-dom'
const Link = styled(NavLink)`
background: blue;
&:hover {
color: white;
}
`
...
<Clickable><Link to="/somewhere">somewhere</Link></Clickable>
Solution 11 - Reactjs
This can be a nice hack for having inline style inside a react component (and also using :hover CSS function):
...
<style>
{`.galleryThumbnail.selected:hover{outline:2px solid #00c6af}`}
</style>
...
Solution 12 - Reactjs
The simple way is using ternary operator
var Link = React.createClass({
getInitialState: function(){
return {hover: false}
},
toggleHover: function(){
this.setState({hover: !this.state.hover})
},
render: function() {
var linkStyle;
if (this.state.hover) {
linkStyle = {backgroundColor: 'red'}
} else {
linkStyle = {backgroundColor: 'blue'}
}
return(
<div>
<a style={this.state.hover ? {"backgroundColor": 'red'}: {"backgroundColor": 'blue'}} onMouseEnter={this.toggleHover} onMouseLeave={this.toggleHover}>Link</a>
</div>
)
}
Solution 13 - Reactjs
Heres is another option using CSS variables . This requires a css hover definition ahead of time so I guess its not pure inline, but is very little code and flexible.
css (setup a hover state) :
.p:hover:{
color:var(--hover-color) !important,
opacity:var(--hover-opacity)
}
react:
<p style={{'color':'red','--hover-color':'blue','--hover-opacity':0.5}}>
Solution 14 - Reactjs
You can use css modules as an alternative, and additionally react-css-modules for class name mapping.
That way you can import your styles as follows and use normal css scoped locally to your components:
import React from 'react';
import CSSModules from 'react-css-modules';
import styles from './table.css';
class Table extends React.Component {
render () {
return <div styleName='table'>
<div styleName='row'>
<div styleName='cell'>A0</div>
<div styleName='cell'>B0</div>
</div>
</div>;
}
}
export default CSSModules(Table, styles);
Here is a webpack css modules example
Solution 15 - Reactjs
onMouseOver and onMouseLeave with setState at first seemed like a bit of overhead to me - but as this is how react works, it seems the easiest and cleanest solution to me.
rendering a theming css serverside for example, is also a good solution and keeps the react components more clean.
if you dont have to append dynamic styles to elements ( for example for a theming ) you should not use inline styles at all but use css classes instead.
this is a traditional html/css rule to keep html / JSX clean and simple.
Solution 16 - Reactjs
This is a universal wrapper for hover written in typescript. The component will apply style passed via props 'hoverStyle' on hover event.
import React, { useState } from 'react';
export const Hover: React.FC<{
style?: React.CSSProperties;
hoverStyle: React.CSSProperties;
}> = ({ style = {}, hoverStyle, children }) => {
const [isHovered, setHovered] = useState(false);
const calculatedStyle = { ...style, ...(isHovered ? hoverStyle : {}) };
return (
<div
style={calculatedStyle}
onMouseEnter={() => setHovered(true)}
onMouseLeave={() => setHovered(false)}
>
{children}
</div>
);
};
Solution 17 - Reactjs
This can be easily achived with material-ui makeStyles
invocation:
import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/core/styles';
makeStyles({
root: {
/* … */
'&:hover': { /* … */ }
},
});
Solution 18 - Reactjs
I did something similar to this, but I do not use material-ui or makeStyles. I added the hover as a condition in my css in a style object:
const styles = {
hoverStyle: {
color: 'grey',
'&:hover': { color: 'blue !important' },
}
};
var NavBar = (props) => {
const menuOptions = ['home', 'blog', 'projects', 'about'];
return (
<div>
<div>
{menuOptions.map((page) => <div style={styles.hoverStyle} key={page}>{page}</div> )}
</div>
</div>
);
};
This worked for me.
Solution 19 - Reactjs
I found a clean way to do this with a wrapper around useState
, which I call useHover
.
No additional libraries/frameworks needed.
const App = () => {
const hover = useHover({backgroundColor: "LightBlue"})
return <p {...hover}>Hover me!</p>
}
Code for the wrapper:
function useHover(styleOnHover: CSSProperties, styleOnNotHover: CSSProperties = {})
{
const [style, setStyle] = React.useState(styleOnNotHover);
const onMouseEnter = () => setStyle(styleOnHover)
const onMouseLeave = () => setStyle(styleOnNotHover)
return {style, onMouseEnter, onMouseLeave}
}
Note that useHover
has an optional second parameter for a style when the component is not hovered.
Try it out here
Solution 20 - Reactjs
onMouseEnter={(e) => {
e.target.style.backgroundColor = '#e13570';
e.target.style.border = '2px solid rgb(31, 0, 69)';
e.target.style.boxShadow = '-2px 0px 7px 2px #e13570';
}}
onMouseLeave={(e) => {
e.target.style.backgroundColor = 'rgb(31, 0, 69)';
e.target.style.border = '2px solid #593676';
e.target.style.boxShadow = '-2px 0px 7px 2px #e13570';
}}
Set default properties in the style or class then call onMouseLeave() and onMouseEnter() to create a hover functionality.
Solution 21 - Reactjs
You can just create an abstract
hovering class e.g. for the color.
.hoverClassColor:hover {
color:var(--hover-color) !important;
}
Then for all Elements you wanna changes the color to red
on hovering:
render() {
return <a className={'hoverClassColor'} style={{'--hover-color':'red'}}>Test</a>
}
For me its like inline, cause the classes are abstract and can be reused for all of your elements you wanna implement a color hovering.
Solution 22 - Reactjs
With a using of the hooks:
const useFade = () => {
const [ fade, setFade ] = useState(false);
const onMouseEnter = () => {
setFade(true);
};
const onMouseLeave = () => {
setFade(false);
};
const fadeStyle = !fade ? {
opacity: 1, transition: 'all .2s ease-in-out',
} : {
opacity: .5, transition: 'all .2s ease-in-out',
};
return { fadeStyle, onMouseEnter, onMouseLeave };
};
const ListItem = ({ style }) => {
const { fadeStyle, ...fadeProps } = useFade();
return (
<Paper
style={{...fadeStyle, ...style}}
{...fadeProps}
>
{...}
</Paper>
);
};
Solution 23 - Reactjs
<Hoverable hoverStyle={styles.linkHover}>
<a href="https://example.com" style={styles.link}>
Go
</a>
</Hoverable>
Where Hoverable is defined as:
function Hoverable(props) {
const [hover, setHover] = useState(false);
const child = Children.only(props.children);
const onHoverChange = useCallback(
e => {
const name = e.type === "mouseenter" ? "onMouseEnter" : "onMouseLeave";
setHover(!hover);
if (child.props[name]) {
child.props[name](e);
}
},
[setHover, hover, child]
);
return React.cloneElement(child, {
onMouseEnter: onHoverChange,
onMouseLeave: onHoverChange,
style: Object.assign({}, child.props.style, hover ? props.hoverStyle : {})
});
}
Solution 24 - Reactjs
I use this trick, a mix between inline-style and css:
//inline-style:
const button = {
fontSize: "2em",
};
return (
<div style={button} data-hover="button">
<style>{`[data-hover="button"]:hover {
font-size: 2.1em !important;
}`}</style>
{this.props.text}
</div>
);
Solution 25 - Reactjs
I use a pretty hack-ish solution for this in one of my recent applications that works for my purposes, and I find it quicker than writing custom hover settings functions in vanilla js (though, I recognize, maybe not a best practice in most environments..) So, in case you're still interested, here goes.
I create a parent element just for the sake of holding the inline javascript styles, then a child with a className or id that my css stylesheet will latch onto and write the hover style in my dedicated css file. This works because the more granular child element receives the inline js styles via inheritance, but has its hover styles overridden by the css file.
So basically, my actual css file exists for the sole purpose of holding hover effects, nothing else. This makes it pretty concise and easy to manage, and allows me to do the heavy-lifting in my in-line React component styles.
Here's an example:
const styles = {
container: {
height: '3em',
backgroundColor: 'white',
display: 'flex',
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'stretch',
justifyContent: 'flex-start',
borderBottom: '1px solid gainsboro',
},
parent: {
display: 'flex',
flex: 1,
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'stretch',
justifyContent: 'flex-start',
color: 'darkgrey',
},
child: {
width: '6em',
textAlign: 'center',
verticalAlign: 'middle',
lineHeight: '3em',
},
};
var NavBar = (props) => {
const menuOptions = ['home', 'blog', 'projects', 'about'];
return (
<div style={styles.container}>
<div style={styles.parent}>
{menuOptions.map((page) => <div className={'navBarOption'} style={styles.child} key={page}>{page}</div> )}
</div>
</div>
);
};
ReactDOM.render(
<NavBar/>,
document.getElementById('app')
);
.navBarOption:hover {
color: black;
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/15.1.0/react.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/15.1.0/react-dom.min.js"></script>
<div id="app"></div>
Notice that the "child" inline style does not have a "color" property set. If it did, this would not work because the inline style would take precedence over my stylesheet.
Solution 26 - Reactjs
I'm not 100% sure if this is the answer, but its the trick i use to simulate the CSS :hover effect with colours and images inline.
`This works best with an image`
class TestHover extends React.PureComponent {
render() {
const landingImage = {
"backgroundImage": "url(https://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/09/01/18/2BE1E88B00000578-3218613-image-m-5_1441127035222.jpg)",
"BackgroundColor": "Red", `this can be any color`
"minHeight": "100%",
"backgroundAttachment": "fixed",
"backgroundPosition": "center",
"backgroundRepeat": "no-repeat",
"backgroundSize": "cover",
"opacity": "0.8", `the hove trick is here in the opcaity slightly see through gives the effect when the background color changes`
}
return (
<aside className="menu">
<div className="menu-item">
<div style={landingImage}>SOME TEXT</div>
</div>
</aside>
);
}
}
ReactDOM.render(
<TestHover />,
document.getElementById("root")
);
CSS:
.menu {
top: 2.70em;
bottom: 0px;
width: 100%;
position: absolute;
}
.menu-item {
cursor: pointer;
height: 100%;
font-size: 2em;
line-height: 1.3em;
color: #000;
font-family: "Poppins";
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 800;
text-align: center;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: center;
}
> Before hover
.menu-item:nth-child(1) {
color: white;
background-color: #001b37;
}
> On hover
.menu-item:nth-child(1):hover {
color: green;
background-color: white;
}
Solution 27 - Reactjs
Here is how I do it with hooks in functional components. With onMouseEnter/Leave
, im setting the color as state directly and consume it in the style prop of element (instead of setting hover state and using ternaries to change the state as shown in previous answers).
function App() {
const [col, setCol] = React.useState('white');
return (
<div className="App">
<button
style={{background: `${col}`}}
onMouseEnter={() => setCol("red")}
onMouseLeave={() => setCol("white")}
>
Red
</button>
</div>
);
}
ReactDOM.render(<App/>, document.getElementById('root'))
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.8.6/umd/react.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-3vo65ZXn5pfsCfGM5H55X+SmwJHBlyNHPwRmWAPgJnM=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.8.6/umd/react-dom.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-qVsF1ftL3vUq8RFOLwPnKimXOLo72xguDliIxeffHRc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<div id='root'></div>