Filters run in the following order:

 1. Authorization filters
 2. Action filters
 3. Response filters
 4. Exception filters

For example, authorization filters run first and exception filters run last. Within each filter type, the Order value specifies the run order. Within each filter type and order, the Scope enumeration value specifies the order for filters. This enumeration defines the following filter scope values (in the order in which they run):

 1. First
 2. Global
 3. Controller
 4. Action
 5. Last

Extracted from [MSDN][1]


  [1]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg416513%28v=vs.98%29.aspx

To save you some time, this is how you set the order:

    [MyCustomContextFilter(Order=1)]

The index is 0 based, so you can do 0, 1, 2, etc...

**It should be noted that just because a filter is on the base class doesn&#39;t tell MVC to apply it first :(.**

This question is similar [to this question about subtracting dates with Python](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3132468/python-human-readable-date-difference), but not identical. I&#39;m not dealing with strings, I have to figure out the difference between two epoch time stamps and produce the difference in a human readable format.

For instance:

    32 Seconds
    17 Minutes
    22.3 Hours
    1.25 Days
    3.5 Weeks
    2 Months
    4.25 Years

Alternately, I&#39;d like to express the difference like this:

    4 years, 6 months, 3 weeks, 4 days, 6 hours 21 minutes and 15 seconds

I don&#39;t think I can use `strptime`, since I&#39;m working with the difference of two epoch dates. I could write something to do this, but I&#39;m quite sure that there&#39;s something already written that I could use.

What module would be appropriate? Am I just missing something in `time`? My journey into Python is just really beginning, if this is indeed a duplicate it&#39;s because I failed to figure out what to search for.

### Addendum

For accuracy, I really care most about the current year&#39;s calendar.

How can I produce a human readable difference when subtracting two UNIX timestamps using Python?

My program has a segmentation fault problem, but it faults rarely(once in 20 times or more), and to debug it in GDB, I need to manually rerun the program until the segmentation fault occurs (during a half day of reruns only once it fails :( ).

So the questions is, is there any way to tell the GDB to rerun program until some segfault?

How can I rerun a program with gdb until a segmentation fault occurs?

In MVC we can decorate action methods with different filters like

    [HttpPost]
    [Authorize]
    public ActionResult mymethod(){}

`HttpPost` derives from `MethodSelectorAttribute` (probably indirectly) and the `Authorize` attribute inherits from `ActionFilterAttribute`. 

My question is: in which order are they executed in the MVC request pipeline? I tried to go search in MVC source code but failed to find the relevant code bits. 

In what order are filters executed in asp.net mvc

In MVC we can decorate action methods with different filters like
<pre><code class="hljs language-csharp">[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
public ActionResult mymethod(){}
</code></pre>
<code>HttpPost</code> derives from <code>MethodSelectorAttribute</code> (probably indirectly) and the <code>Authorize</code> attribute inherits from <code>ActionFilterAttribute</code>.
My question is: in which order are they executed in the MVC request pipeline? I tried to go search in MVC source code but failed to find the relevant code bits.

I have a model class, with a property like this:

    [Display(Name = &quot;Phone&quot;, Description=&quot;Hello World!&quot;)]
    public string Phone1 { get; set; }

Displaying a label and rendering a textbox for input in my view is pretty easy:

    @Html.LabelFor(model =&gt; model.Organization.Phone1)
    @Html.EditorFor(model =&gt; model.Organization.Phone1)
    @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model =&gt; model.Organization.Phone1)

But how do I render the value of the Description annotation attribute, i.e. &quot;Hello World!&quot;??

How do I display the DisplayAttribute.Description attribute value?

In one of my controller actions I need to read in a text file that has a bunch of reference data in it. Right now I simply put it in the &quot;/Content&quot; directory.

My questions are:

1.  Is this the &quot;right&quot; place to put this file or should I put it in another directory?
2.  What is the best way to read in a text file in asp.net-mvc that is sitting on the server?  

What is the best way to read in a text file from the server in asp.net-mvc

I am developing a web application in asp.net mvc 3.
I am very new to it. In a view using razor, I&#39;d like to declare some local variables and use it across the entire page. How can this be done?

It seems rather trivial to be able to do the following action:

    @bool isUserConnected = string.IsNullOrEmpty(Model.CreatorFullName);
    @if (isUserConnected)
    { // meaning that the viewing user has not been saved
        &lt;div&gt;
            &lt;div&gt; click to join us &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;a id=&quot;login&quot; href=&quot;javascript:void(0);&quot; style=&quot;display: inline; &quot;&gt;join&lt;/a&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    }

But this doesn&#39;t work. Is this possible?

How to declare a local variable in Razor?

How come when I have `Layout = null;` in my view - it still pulls in the default layout?!

Is there some trick to stop it doing that?

Here is my view without layout:

    @{
        Layout = &quot;&quot;;
    }
    
    &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
    
    &lt;html&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
        &lt;title&gt;Index&lt;/title&gt;
        @{Html.RenderAction(&quot;Head&quot;, &quot;Header&quot;);}
    &lt;/head&gt;
    &lt;body&gt;
        &lt;div&gt;
            Home
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/body&gt;
    &lt;/html&gt;


Here is the rendered output!!

     
    &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
     
    &lt;html&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
        &lt;title&gt;Index&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
    &lt;html&gt;
    &lt;head&gt;
        &lt;meta charset=&quot;utf-8&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;
        &lt;link href=&quot;/Content/Site.css&quot; rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; type=&quot;text/css&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;script src=&quot;/Scripts/jquery-1.5.1.min.js&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
        &lt;script src=&quot;/Scripts/modernizr-1.7.min.js&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;
     
    &lt;body&gt;
        header
    &lt;/body&gt;
    &lt;/html&gt;
    &lt;/head&gt;
    &lt;body&gt;
        &lt;div&gt;
            Home
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/body&gt;
    &lt;/html&gt;






Razor View Without Layout

I want to set disable attribute based on a condition for Html.TextBoxFor in asp.net MVC like below

    @Html.TextBoxFor(model =&gt; model.ExpireDate, new { style = &quot;width: 70px;&quot;, maxlength = &quot;10&quot;, id = &quot;expire-date&quot; disabled = (Model.ExpireDate == null ? &quot;disable&quot; : &quot;&quot;) })

This helper has two output disabled=&quot;disabled &quot; or disabled=&quot;&quot;. both of theme make the textbox disable.

I want to disable the textbox if Model.ExpireDate == null else I want to enable it

Set disable attribute based on a condition for Html.TextBoxFor

In my cshtml files I have a lot of blocks with stuff like this:

    @if(Model.foo)
    {
        &lt;span&gt;Hello World&lt;/span&gt;
    }

The only reason the span is there is because I can&#39;t find any other way to force it to recognize that &quot;Hello World&quot; is part of the html unless I surround it in html tags. Is there a good way to escape the code that doesn&#39;t involve adding meaningless tags to the display?

MVC3 Razor: Displaying html within code blocks

**Short version of my questions:**

 1. Can anyone point me toward some good, detailed sources from which I
    can learn how to implement testing in my MVC 3 application, using
    NUnit, Ninject 2, and Moq?
 2. Can anyone here help clarify for me how Controller-Repository
    decoupling, mocking, and dependency injection work together?

----------


**Longer version of my questions:**

**What I&#39;m trying to do ...**

I am currently beginning to create an MVC 3 application, which will use Entity Framework 4, with a database first approach. I want to do this right, so I am trying to design the classes, layers, etc., to be highly testable. But, I have little to no experience with unit testing or integration testing, other than an academic understanding of them.

After lots of research, I&#39;ve settle on using 

 - **NUnit** as my testing framework
 - **Ninject 2** as my dependency injection framework
 - **Moq** as my mocking framework.

I know the topic of which framework is best, etc., could enter into this, but at this point I really don&#39;t know enough about any of it to form a solid opinion. So, I just decided to go with these free solutions which seem to be well liked and well maintained. 

**What I&#39;ve learned so far ...**

I&#39;ve spent some time working through some of this stuff, reading resources such as:

 - [**Implementing the Repository and Unit of Work Patterns in an
   ASP.NET MVC Application**][1]
 - [**Building Testable ASP.NET MVC Applications**][2]
 - [**NerdDinner Step 12: Unit Testing**][3]
 - [**Using Repository and Unit of Work patterns with Entity Framework
   4.0**][4]

From these resources, I&#39;ve managed to workout the need for a Repository pattern, complete with repository interfaces, in order to decouple my controllers and my data access logic. I have written some of that into my application already, but I admit I am not clear as to the mechanics of the whole thing, and whether I am doing this decoupling in support of mocking, or dependency injection, or both. As such, I certainly wouldn&#39;t mind hearing from you guys about this too. Any clarity I can gain on this stuff will help me at this point.

**Where things got muddy for me ...**

I thought I was grasping this stuff pretty well until I started trying to wrap my head around Ninject, as described in [Building Testable ASP.NET MVC Applications][5], cited above. Specifically, I got completely lost around the point in which the author begins describing the implementation of a Service layer, about half way into the document.

Anyway, I am now looking for more resources to study, in order to try to get various perspectives around this stuff until it begins to make sense to me. 

Summarizing all of this, boiling it down to specific questions, I am wondering the following:

 1. Can anyone point me toward some good, detailed sources from which I
    can learn how to implement testing in my MVC 3 application, using
    NUnit, Ninject 2, and Moq?
 2. Can anyone here help clarify for me how Controller-Repository
    decoupling, mocking, and dependency injection work together?

**EDIT:** 

I just discovered the [Ninject official wiki][6] on Github, so I&#39;m going to start working through that to see if it starts clarifying things for me. But, I&#39;m still very interested in the SO community thoughts on all of this :)


  [1]: http://www.asp.net/entity-framework/tutorials/implementing-the-repository-and-unit-of-work-patterns-in-an-asp-net-mvc-application
  [2]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942838.aspx
  [3]: http://nerddinnerbook.s3.amazonaws.com/Part12.htm
  [4]: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/adonet/archive/2009/06/16/using-repository-and-unit-of-work-patterns-with-entity-framework-4-0.aspx
  [5]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942838.aspx
  [6]: https://github.com/ninject/ninject/wiki

MVC 3: How to learn how to test with NUnit, Ninject, and Moq?

I am working with the dataset `LearnBayes`. For those that want to see the actual data: 

    install.packages(&#39;LearnBayes&#39;)

I am trying to filter out rows based on the value in the columns. For example, if the column value is &quot;water&quot;, then I want that row. If the column value is &quot;milk&quot;, then I don&#39;t want it. Ultimately, I am trying to filter out all individuals who&#39;s Drink column is &quot;water&quot;.




Filtering a data frame by values in a column

I need to restrict input into a TextField to integers. Any advice?


What is the recommended way to make a numeric TextField in JavaFX?

I have an OData service where I&#39;m trying to filter by a list of IDs; the SQL equivalent would be something like:

    SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE TableId IN (100, 200, 300, 400)

The property I&#39;m trying to filter on is typed as an Int32. I&#39;ve tried the following, which gives me an error &quot;Operator &#39;add&#39; incompatible with operand types &#39;Edm.String&#39; and &#39;Edm.Int32&#39;&quot;:

    string ids = &quot;,100,200,300,400,&quot;;
    from m in provider.Media where ids.Contains(&quot;,&quot; + t.media_id + &quot;,&quot;)

as well as

    string ids = &quot;,100,200,300,400,&quot;;
    from m in provider.Media where ids.Contains(&quot;,&quot; + t.media_id.ToString() + &quot;,&quot;)

and

    string ids = &quot;,100,200,300,400,&quot;;
    from m in provider.Media where ids.Contains(&quot;,&quot; + Convert.ToString(t.media_id) + &quot;,&quot;)

and

    string ids = &quot;,100,200,300,400,&quot;;
    from m in provider.Media where ids.Contains(string.Concat(&quot;,&quot;, t.media_id, &quot;,&quot;))

As you can see, currently I&#39;m using LINQ to query the service.

Is there a way I can do what I&#39;m trying to, or am I stuck constructing a text filter and using AddQueryOption, and iterating through the list and manually adding &quot;or media_id eq 100&quot; clauses?

OData &quot;where ID in list&quot; query

I need to filter an array to remove the elements that are lower than a certain threshold. My current code is like this:

    threshold = 5
    a = numpy.array(range(10)) # testing data
    b = numpy.array(filter(lambda x: x &gt;= threshold, a))

The problem is that this creates a temporary list, using a filter with a lambda function (slow).

As this is a quite simple operation, maybe there is a numpy function that does it in an efficient way, but I&#39;ve been unable to find it.

I&#39;ve thought that another way to achieve this could be sorting the array, finding the index of the threshold and returning a slice from that index onwards, but even if this would be faster for small inputs (and it won&#39;t be noticeable anyway), its definitively asymptotically less efficient as the input size grows.

Any ideas? Thanks!

**Update**: I took some measurements too, and the sorting+slicing was still twice as fast than the pure python filter when the input was 100.000.000 entries.


    In [321]: r = numpy.random.uniform(0, 1, 100000000)
    
    In [322]: %timeit test1(r) # filter
    1 loops, best of 3: 21.3 s per loop
    
    In [323]: %timeit test2(r) # sort and slice
    1 loops, best of 3: 11.1 s per loop
    
    In [324]: %timeit test3(r) # boolean indexing
    1 loops, best of 3: 1.26 s per loop



Efficient thresholding filter of an array with numpy

Is there a reason there&#39;s

    Lists.transform()

but no

    Lists.filter()

?

How do I filter a list correctly? I could use

    new ArrayList(Collection2.filter())

of course, but this way it&#39;s not guaranteed that my ordering stays the same, if I understand correctly.

Guava: Why is there no Lists.filter() function?

Using ASP.NET MVC I am creating a custom Authorize attribute to take care of some custom authorization logic.  I have looked at a lot of examples and it is pretty straight forward but my question is which method is best to override, AuthorizeCore or OnAuthorization?  I have seen many examples overriding one or the other.  Is there a difference?  

Extend AuthorizeAttribute Override AuthorizeCore or OnAuthorization

I am writing an Authorize filter attribute adn I&#39;m having trouble figuring out how to get the current url as a string so I can pass it as a parameter to the LogOn action. The goal is that if a user successfully logs on, they will be redirected to the page they were originally trying to access.


    public override void OnAuthorization(AuthorizeContext filterContext)
    {
        base.OnAuthorization(filterContext);
        
        ... my auth code ...
        bool isAuth ;
        ... my auth code ...
        
        if(!isAuth)
        {
            filterContext.Result = new RedirectToRouteResult(
                new RouteValueDictionary { 
                    { &quot;Area&quot;, &quot;&quot; }, 
                    { &quot;Controller&quot;, &quot;Account&quot; }, 
                    { &quot;Action&quot;, &quot;LogOn&quot; },
                    { &quot;RedirectUrl&quot;, &quot;/Url/String/For/Currnt/Request&quot; } // how do I get this?
                }
            );
        }
    }

How do I get the full string Url from the current request?



How do I get the current Url from within a FilterAttribute?

I was looking to add an Action Filter to my service to handle adding link data to the response message.  I have found that I need to mock HttpActionExecutedContext but it&#39;s a difficult class to mock, how are you dealing with Action Filter testing?

How can you unit test an Action Filter in ASP.NET Web Api?

I&#39;m trying to implement what&#39;s seen here: http://www.piotrwalat.net/nhibernate-session-management-in-asp-net-web-api/ but I&#39;m having an issue with my `NhSessionManagementAttribute`.

I&#39;ve set breakpoints on my `OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)` to see whether the function was ever being called -- it wasn&#39;t.

I double-checked my `global.asax.cs` file &amp; found I am in fact registering the `ActionFilter` with: 

    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Filters.Add(new NhSessionManagementAttribute());

I have also decorated both my controller class itself, as well as its actions with the attribute to no avail:

    public class ClientsController : ApiController {
        static readonly ClientRepository repository = new ClientRepository();

        [NhSessionManagement]
        public IEnumerable&lt;Client&gt; GetAllClients() {
            return repository.GetAll();
        }
        
        [NhSessionManagement]
        public Client GetClient(int id) {
            Client client = repository.Get(id);
            if (client == null) {
                throw new HttpResponseException(
                    new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
                );
            }
            return client;
        }
    }

Why would this action filter not be firing any of the events within?

Why is my ASP.NET Web API ActionFilterAttribute OnActionExecuting not firing?

I am using latest `web api`.

I do annotate *some* controllers with 3 different filter attributes.

    1 [Authorize]
    2 [RessourceOwnerAttribute derived from AuthorizationFilterAttribute]
    3 [InvalidModelStateAttribute derived from ActionFilterAttribute]

I can not be sure that the filters run in the order they are declared from top to down.

How do I define the order of execution in `web api 2.1` ?

https://aspnetwebstack.codeplex.com/workitem/1065#

http://aspnet.uservoice.com/forums/147201-asp-net-web-api/suggestions/3346720-execution-order-of-mvc4-webapi-action-filters

Do I still have to fix that for myself ??

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Muhammad Adeel Zahid	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - asp.net Mvc	Eranga	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - asp.net Mvc	ProVega	View Answer on Stackoverflow

In what order are filters executed in asp.net mvc

asp.net Mvc Problem Overview

asp.net Mvc Solutions

Solution 1 - asp.net Mvc

Solution 2 - asp.net Mvc

How can I rerun a program with gdb until a segmentation fault occurs?

How can I produce a human readable difference when subtracting two UNIX timestamps using Python?

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