If you really need that many functions, you are already polluting your namespace.

I would suggest:

    import my_module

Or, if my_module has a long name use an alias:

    import my_long_module as m

If it&#39;s between one or the other, use

    from my_module import function1, function2, function3, function4, function5, function6, function7

See &quot;Explicit is better than implicit.&quot; in `import this`.

If you just want a shorter name than `my_module.function1`, there is always `import my_module as mod`.

For the few functions you use many times (either type many times so you want a short name or in a loop so access speed is important), there is 

    func1 = my_module.function1


With a little bit of management you can control what import * imports. Say your my_module has function1..function8 but you only want to make functions 1 through 6 available. In your my_module, reassign the `__all__` attribute:

__my_module.py__:

    __all__ = [&#39;function1&#39;, &#39;function2&#39;, &#39;function3&#39; ...]

    def function1():
       ...

    # etc...

Now if you use `from my_module import *`, you&#39;ll only import those functions and variables you defined in the `__all__` attribute from my_module.py.



I wonder why one of my projects has `VDSERR.h` listed under &quot;External Dependencies&quot; and another hasn&#39;t and gives me an &quot;undefined symbol&quot; compiler error about a symbol which is defined in there. How can I include this file in the other project as well?

How do files get into the External Dependencies in Visual Studio C++?

i am trying to understand how IIS 7.5 handles POST and PUT request. 

I am writing a RESTful service using OpenRasta framework. The POST operation works without any problem, but the PUT operation for the same URL does not. It returns error like the following

    Detailed Error Information
    Module: IIS Web Core
    Notification: MapRequestHandler
    Handler: StaticFile
    Error Code: 0x80070002

the url is like this following &quot;http://localhost/MyService/Resource.Something.manifest&quot;

Same setup works fine in visual studio development IIS.

**Solution**

Basically the default ExtensionlessUrlHandler does not accept PUT and DELETE verb. Just need to add them.

    &lt;add name=&quot;ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit&quot; path=&quot;*.&quot; verb=&quot;GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE&quot; modules=&quot;IsapiModule&quot; scriptProcessor=&quot;C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll&quot; resourceType=&quot;Unspecified&quot; requireAccess=&quot;Script&quot; preCondition=&quot;classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64&quot; responseBufferLimit=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;



IIS 7.5 + enable PUT and DELETE for RESTFul service, extensionless

I am importing lots of functions from a module

Is it better to use

    from my_module import function1, function2, function3, function4, function5, function6, function7

which is a little messy, but avoids flooding the current namespace with everything from that module or

    from my_module import *

Which looks tidy but will fill the namespace with everything from that module.

Can&#39;t find anything in PEP8 about what the limit for how much you should import by name is. Which is better and why?


 

importing multiple functions from a Python module

I am importing lots of functions from a module
Is it better to use
<pre><code class="hljs language-javascript">from my_module import function1, function2, function3, function4, function5, function6, function7
</code></pre>
which is a little messy, but avoids flooding the current namespace with everything from that module or
<pre><code class="hljs language-javascript">from my_module import *
</code></pre>
Which looks tidy but will fill the namespace with everything from that module.
Can't find anything in PEP8 about what the limit for how much you should import by name is. Which is better and why?

How would I use python to check a list and delete all duplicates? I don&#39;t want to have to specify what the duplicate item is - I want the code to figure out if there are any and remove them if so, keeping only one instance of each. It also must work if there are multiple duplicates in a list. 

For example, in my code below, the list lseparatedOrbList has 12 items - one is repeated six times, one is repeated five times, and there is only one instance of one. I want it to change the list so there are only three items - one of each, and in the same order they appeared before. I tried this:

    for i in lseparatedOrbList:
	   for j in lseparatedOrblist:
		    if lseparatedOrbList[i] == lseparatedOrbList[j]:
			    lseparatedOrbList.remove(lseparatedOrbList[j])

But I get the error:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;qchemOutputSearch.py&quot;, line 123, in &lt;module&gt;
        for j in lseparatedOrblist:
    NameError: name &#39;lseparatedOrblist&#39; is not defined

I&#39;m guessing because it&#39;s because I&#39;m trying to loop through lseparatedOrbList while I loop through it, but I can&#39;t think of another way to do it.




How to remove all duplicate items from a list

Python is on my machine, I just don&#39;t know where, if I type python in terminal it will open Python 2.6.4, this isn&#39;t in it&#39;s default directory, there surely is a way of finding it&#39;s install location from here?

Find where python is installed (if it isn&#39;t default dir)

Believe it or not, after profiling my current code, the repetitive operation of numpy array reversion ate a giant chunk of the running time. What I have right now is the common view-based method:

    reversed_arr = arr[::-1]

Is there any other way to do it more efficiently, or is it just an illusion from my obsession with unrealistic numpy performance?

Most efficient way to reverse a numpy array

I am curious about the details of `__del__` in python, when and why it should be used and what it shouldn&#39;t be used for.  I&#39;ve learned the hard way that it is not really like what one would naively expected from a destructor, in that it is not the opposite of `__new__` / `__init__`.  

    class Foo(object):
    
        def __init__(self):
            self.bar = None
    
        def open(self):
            if self.bar != &#39;open&#39;:
                print &#39;opening the bar&#39;
                self.bar = &#39;open&#39;
    
        def close(self):
            if self.bar != &#39;closed&#39;:
                print &#39;closing the bar&#39;
                self.bar = &#39;close&#39;
    
        def __del__(self):
            self.close()
    
    if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
        foo = Foo()
        foo.open()
        del foo
        import gc
        gc.collect()

I saw in the documentation that it is _not_ guaranteed `__del__()` methods are called for objects that still exist when the interpreter exits.  

1. how can it be guaranteed that for any `Foo` instances existing when the interpreter exits, the bar is closed?
2. in the code snippet above does the bar get closed on `del foo` or on `gc.collect()`... or neither?  if you want finer control of those details (e.g. the bar should be closed when the object is unreferenced) what is the usual way to implement that?
3. when `__del__` is called is it guaranteed that `__init__` has already been called?  what about if the `__init__` raised?


How to force deletion of a python object?

I have written the following Python code:

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

    import os, glob

    path = &#39;/home/my/path&#39;
    for infile in glob.glob( os.path.join(path, &#39;*.png&#39;) ):
        print infile

Now I get this:


    /home/my/path/output0352.png
    /home/my/path/output0005.png
    /home/my/path/output0137.png
    /home/my/path/output0202.png
    /home/my/path/output0023.png
    /home/my/path/output0048.png
    /home/my/path/output0069.png
    /home/my/path/output0246.png
    /home/my/path/output0071.png
    /home/my/path/output0402.png
    /home/my/path/output0230.png
    /home/my/path/output0182.png
    /home/my/path/output0121.png
    /home/my/path/output0104.png
    /home/my/path/output0219.png
    /home/my/path/output0226.png
    /home/my/path/output0215.png
    /home/my/path/output0266.png
    /home/my/path/output0347.png
    /home/my/path/output0295.png
    /home/my/path/output0131.png
    /home/my/path/output0208.png
    /home/my/path/output0194.png


In which way is it ordered?

To clarify: I am not interested in ordering - I know `sorted`. I want to know in which order it comes by default.

It might help you to get my ls -l output:


    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 627669 2011-07-17 17:26 output0005.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 596417 2011-07-17 17:26 output0023.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 543639 2011-07-17 17:26 output0048.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 535384 2011-07-17 17:27 output0069.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 543216 2011-07-17 17:27 output0071.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 561776 2011-07-17 17:27 output0104.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 501865 2011-07-17 17:27 output0121.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 547144 2011-07-17 17:27 output0131.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 530596 2011-07-17 17:27 output0137.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 532567 2011-07-17 17:27 output0182.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 553562 2011-07-17 17:27 output0194.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 574065 2011-07-17 17:27 output0202.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 552197 2011-07-17 17:27 output0208.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 559809 2011-07-17 17:27 output0215.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 549046 2011-07-17 17:27 output0219.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 566661 2011-07-17 17:27 output0226.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 561678 2011-07-17 17:27 output0246.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 525550 2011-07-17 17:27 output0266.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 565715 2011-07-17 17:27 output0295.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 568381 2011-07-17 17:28 output0347.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 532768 2011-07-17 17:28 output0352.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 moose moose 535818 2011-07-17 17:28 output0402.png

It is not ordered by filename or size.

Other links: [`glob`][1], [`ls`][2]


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/library/glob.html
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ls

How are glob.glob()&#39;s return values ordered?

I have some functions which occasionally (not always) will receive a callback and run it. Is checking if the callback is defined/function a good style or is there a better way?

Example:

    function save (callback){
       .....do stuff......
       if(typeof callback !== &#39;undefined&#39;){
         callback();
       };
    };

JavaScript style for optional callbacks

Should we have a team coding standard that the names of abstract classes have prefix `Abstract` ? e.g.

    public abstract class AbstractB implements B {}



abstract class naming convention

I want to toggle a variable between 0 and 1. If it&#39;s 0 I want to set it to 1, else if it&#39;s 1 I want to set it to 0.

This is such a fundamental operation that I write so often I&#39;d like to investigate the shortest, clearest possible way of doing it. Here&#39;s my best so far:

    v = (v == 0 ? 1 : 0);

Can you improve on this?

Edit: the question is asking how to write the above statement in the fewest characters while retaining clarity - how is this &#39;not a real question&#39;? This wasn&#39;t intended to be a code-golf exercise, though some interesting answers have come out of people approaching it as golf - it&#39;s nice to see golf being used in a constructive and thought-provoking manner.

Is there a better way of writing v = (v == 0 ? 1 : 0);

I came across this code...

    if(isset($string[255])) {
        // too long
    }

isset() is between 6 and 40 faster than 

    if(strlen($string) &gt; 255) {
        // too long
    }

The only drawback to the isset() is that the code is unclear - we cannot tell right away what is being done (see pekka&#39;s answer). We can wrap isset() within a function i.e. strlt($string,255) but we then loose the speed benefits of isset().

**How can we use the faster isset() function while retaining readability of the code?** 

EDIT : test to show the speed http://codepad.org/ztYF0bE3

    strlen() over 1000000 iterations 7.5193998813629
    isset() over 1000000 iterations 0.29940009117126

EDIT2 : here&#39;s why isset() is faster

    $string = &#39;abcdefg&#39;;
    var_dump($string[2]);
    Output: string(1) “c”

    $string = &#39;abcdefg&#39;;
    if (isset($string[7])){
         echo $string[7].&#39; found!&#39;;
      }else{
         echo &#39;No character found at position 7!&#39;;
    }

This is faster than using strlen() because, “… calling a function is more expensive than using a language construct.” http://www.phpreferencebook.com/tips/use-isset-instead-of-strlen/

EDIT3 : I was always taught to be interested in mirco-optimisation. Probably because I was taught at a time when resources on computers were tiny. I&#39;m open to the idea that it may not be important, there are some good arguments against it in the answers.
I&#39;ve started a new question exploring this... https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6983208/is-micro-optimisation-important-when-coding

isset() vs strlen() - a fast/clear string length calculation

I came across some code containing the following:

    struct ABC {
        unsigned long array[MAX];
    } abc;

When does it make sense to use a declaration like this?

Why declare a struct that only contains an array in C?

I&#39;m currently writing a class that needs `os`, `stat` and some others.

What&#39;s the best way to import these modules in my class?

I&#39;m thinking about when others will use it, I want the &#39;dependency&#39; modules to be already 
imported when the class is instantiated.


Now I&#39;m importing them in my methods, but maybe there&#39;s a better solution.

Importing modules inside python class

I&#39;m implementing namespaces in my existing project. I found that you can use the keyword &#39;use&#39; to import classes into your namespace. My question is, can I also import all the classes from 1 namespace into another. Example:

    namespace foo
    {
    
    	class bar
    	{
    
    		public static $a = &#39;foobar&#39;;
    
    	}
    
    }
    
    namespace
    {
    	use \foo;  //This doesn&#39;t work!
    	echo bar::$a;
    }

**Update for PHP 7+**

A new feature in PHP 7 is grouped declarations. This doesn&#39;t make it as easy as using 1 &#39;use statement&#39; for all the classes in a given namespace, but makes it somewhat easier...

Example code:

    &lt;?php
    // Pre PHP 7 code
    use some\namespace\ClassA;
    use some\namespace\ClassB;
    use some\namespace\ClassC as C;
    
    // PHP 7+ code
    use some\namespace\{ClassA, ClassB, ClassC as C};
    ?&gt;

See also: https://secure.php.net/manual/en/migration70.new-features.php#migration70.new-features.group-use-declarations

PHP how to import all classes from another namespace

First I know the title says this is a duplicate question as asked [here][1], [here][2], and [here][3]. Everything I read on this topic is over two years old. A lot has changed in that time period so are the same thoughts still advisable? 

Here is an example, I use @import inside a stylesheet to bring in my reset CSS and a couple other styles. Should I change that from `@import` to `&lt;link&gt;`? According to this [article][4] I should use link. So I ask other developers, what is truly the best way as to date (August 25, 2011)  


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2236601/why-import-is-not-advisable-to-link-css
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1022695/difference-between-import-and-link-in-css
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1478997/import-or-link-for-importing-stylesheets
  [4]: http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html

@import vs link

Following up on [this question regarding reloading a module][1], how do I reload a specific function from a changed module?

pseudo-code:

    from foo import bar

    if foo.py has changed:
        reload bar


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/437589/how-do-i-unload-reload-a-python-module

How to reload a module&#39;s function in Python?

My Python library just changed it&#39;s main module name from `foo.bar` to `foobar`. For backward compat, `foo.bar` still exists, but importing it raises a few warnings. Now, it seems some example program still imports from the old module, but not directly.

I&#39;d like to find the erroneous `import` statement. Is there any tool that allows me to trace imports and find the culprit without wading through all of the code?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Jim Jeffries	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Kugel	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	agf	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	Manny D	View Answer on Stackoverflow

importing multiple functions from a Python module

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Solution 3 - Python

IIS 7.5 + enable PUT and DELETE for RESTFul service, extensionless

How do files get into the External Dependencies in Visual Studio C++?

Attributions