Image sequence to video stream?

Like many people already seem to have (there are several threads on this subject here) I am looking for ways to create video from a sequence of images.

I want to implement my functionality in C#!

Here is what I wan't to do:

/*Pseudo code*/
void CreateVideo(List<Image> imageSequence, long durationOfEachImageMs, string outputVideoFileName, string outputFormat)
{
    // Info: imageSequence.Count will be > 30 000 images
    // Info: durationOfEachImageMs will be < 300 ms

    if (outputFormat = "mpeg")
    {
    }
    else if (outputFormat = "avi")
    {      
    }
    else
    {
    }
    
    //Save video file do disk
}

I know there's a project called Splicer (http://splicer.codeplex.com/) but I can't find suitable documentation or clear examples that I can follow (these are the examples that I found).

The closest I want to do, which I find here on CodePlex is this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/251467/how-can-i-create-a-video-from-a-directory-of-images-in-c

I have also read a few threads about ffmpeg (for example this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1707516/c-sharp-and-ffmpeg-preferably-without-shell-commands and this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3275865/convert-image-sequence-using-ffmpeg) but I find no one to help me with my problem and I don't think ffmpeg-command-line-style is the best solution for me (because of the amount of images).

I believe that I can use the Splicer-project in some way (?).

In my case, it is about about > 30 000 images where each image should be displayed for about 200 ms (in the videostream that I want to create).

(What the video is about? Plants growing ...)

Can anyone help me complete my function?

Well, this answer comes a bit late, but since I have noticed some activity with my original question lately (and the fact that there was not provided a working solution) I would like to give you what finally worked for me.

I'll split my answer into three parts:

• Background
• Problem
• Solution

---

Background

(this section is not important for the solution)

My original problem was that I had a lot of images (i.e. a huge amount), images that were individually stored in a database as byte arrays. I wanted to make a video sequence with all these images.

My equipment setup was something like this general drawing:

The images depicted growing tomato plants in different states. All images were taken every 1 minute under daytime.

/*pseudo code for taking and storing images*/
while (true)
{
    if (daylight)
    {
        //get an image from the camera
        //store the image as byte array to db
    }
    //wait 1 min
}

I had a very simple db for storing images, there were only one table (the table ImageSet) in it:

---

Problem

I had read many articles about ffmpeg (please see my original question) but I couldn't find any on how to go from a collection of images to a video.

---

Solution

Finally, I got a working solution! The main part of it comes from the open source project AForge.NET. In short, you could say that AForge.NET is a computer vision and artificial intelligence library in C#. (If you want a copy of the framework, just grab it from http://www.aforgenet.com/)

In AForge.NET, there is this VideoFileWriter class (a class for writing videofiles with help of ffmpeg). This did almost all of the work. (There is also a very good example here)

This is the final class (reduced) which I used to fetch and convert image data into a video from my image database:

public class MovieMaker
{

    public void Start()
    {
        var startDate = DateTime.Parse("12 Mar 2012");
        var endDate = DateTime.Parse("13 Aug 2012");

        CreateMovie(startDate, endDate);
    }    
    

    /*THIS CODE BLOCK IS COPIED*/

    public Bitmap ToBitmap(byte[] byteArrayIn)
    {
        var ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream(byteArrayIn);
        var returnImage = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(ms);
        var bitmap = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(returnImage);

        return bitmap;
    }

    public Bitmap ReduceBitmap(Bitmap original, int reducedWidth, int reducedHeight)
    {
        var reduced = new Bitmap(reducedWidth, reducedHeight);
        using (var dc = Graphics.FromImage(reduced))
        {
            // you might want to change properties like
            dc.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
            dc.DrawImage(original, new Rectangle(0, 0, reducedWidth, reducedHeight), new Rectangle(0, 0, original.Width, original.Height), GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
        }

        return reduced;
    }

    /*END OF COPIED CODE BLOCK*/


    private void CreateMovie(DateTime startDate, DateTime endDate)
    {
        int width = 320;
        int height = 240;
        var framRate = 200;

        using (var container = new ImageEntitiesContainer())
        {
            //a LINQ-query for getting the desired images
            var query = from d in container.ImageSet
                        where d.Date >= startDate && d.Date <= endDate
                        select d;

            // create instance of video writer
            using (var vFWriter = new VideoFileWriter())
            {
                // create new video file
                vFWriter.Open("nameOfMyVideoFile.avi", width, height, framRate, VideoCodec.Raw);

                var imageEntities = query.ToList();

                //loop throught all images in the collection
                foreach (var imageEntity in imageEntities)
                {
                    //what's the current image data?
                    var imageByteArray = imageEntity.Data;
                    var bmp = ToBitmap(imageByteArray);
                    var bmpReduced = ReduceBitmap(bmp, width, height);

                    vFWriter.WriteVideoFrame(bmpReduced);
                }
                vFWriter.Close();
            }
        }

    }
}

Update 2013-11-29 (how to) (Hope this is what you asked for @Kiquenet?)

1. Download AForge.NET Framework from the downloads page (Download full ZIP archive and you will find many interesting Visual Studio solutions with projects, like Video, in the AForge.NET Framework-2.2.5\Samples folder...)
2. Namespace: AForge.Video.FFMPEG (from the documentation)
3. Assembly: AForge.Video.FFMPEG (in AForge.Video.FFMPEG.dll) (from the documentation) (you can find this AForge.Video.FFMPEG.dll in the AForge.NET Framework-2.2.5\Release folder)

If you want to create your own solution, make sure you have a reference to AForge.Video.FFMPEG.dll in your project. Then it should be easy to use the VideoFileWriter class. If you follow the link to the class you will find a very good (and simple example). In the code, they are feeding the VideoFileWriter with Bitmap image in a for-loop

---

I found this code in the slicer samples, looks pretty close to to what you want:

string outputFile = "FadeBetweenImages.wmv";
using (ITimeline timeline = new DefaultTimeline())
{
    IGroup group = timeline.AddVideoGroup(32, 160, 100);
    ITrack videoTrack = group.AddTrack();
    IClip clip1 = videoTrack.AddImage("image1.jpg", 0, 2); // play first image for a little while
    IClip clip2 = videoTrack.AddImage("image2.jpg", 0, 2); // and the next
    IClip clip3 = videoTrack.AddImage("image3.jpg", 0, 2); // and finally the last
    IClip clip4 = videoTrack.AddImage("image4.jpg", 0, 2); // and finally the last
}

  double halfDuration = 0.5;

  // fade out and back in
  group.AddTransition(clip2.Offset - halfDuration, halfDuration, StandardTransitions.CreateFade(), true);
  group.AddTransition(clip2.Offset, halfDuration, StandardTransitions.CreateFade(), false);

  // again
  group.AddTransition(clip3.Offset - halfDuration, halfDuration, StandardTransitions.CreateFade(), true);
  group.AddTransition(clip3.Offset, halfDuration, StandardTransitions.CreateFade(), false);

  // and again
  group.AddTransition(clip4.Offset - halfDuration, halfDuration, StandardTransitions.CreateFade(), true);
  group.AddTransition(clip4.Offset, halfDuration, StandardTransitions.CreateFade(), false);

  // add some audio
  ITrack audioTrack = timeline.AddAudioGroup().AddTrack();

  IClip audio =
     audioTrack.AddAudio("testinput.wav", 0, videoTrack.Duration);

  // create an audio envelope effect, this will:
  // fade the audio from 0% to 100% in 1 second.
  // play at full volume until 1 second before the end of the track
  // fade back out to 0% volume
  audioTrack.AddEffect(0, audio.Duration,
                 StandardEffects.CreateAudioEnvelope(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, audio.Duration));

  // render our slideshow out to a windows media file
  using (
     IRenderer renderer =
        new WindowsMediaRenderer(timeline, outputFile, WindowsMediaProfiles.HighQualityVideo))
  {
     renderer.Render();
  }
}

I could not manage to get the above example to work. However I did find another library that works amazingly well once. Try via NuGet "accord.extensions.imaging.io", then I wrote the following little function:

    private void makeAvi(string imageInputfolderName, string outVideoFileName, float fps = 12.0f, string imgSearchPattern = "*.png")
    {   // reads all images in folder 
        VideoWriter w = new VideoWriter(outVideoFileName, 
            new Accord.Extensions.Size(480, 640), fps, true);
        Accord.Extensions.Imaging.ImageDirectoryReader ir = 
            new ImageDirectoryReader(imageInputfolderName, imgSearchPattern);
        while (ir.Position < ir.Length)
        {
            IImage i = ir.Read();
            w.Write(i);
        }
        w.Close();
    }

It reads all images from a folder and makes a video out of them.

If you want to make it nicer you could probably read the image dimensions instead of hard coding, but you got the point.

The FFMediaToolkit is a good solution in 2020, with .NET Core support.

https://github.com/radek-k/FFMediaToolkit

> FFMediaToolkit is a cross-platform .NET Standard library for creating and reading video files. It uses native FFmpeg libraries by the FFmpeg.Autogen bindings.

The README of the library has a nice example for the question asked.

// You can set there codec, bitrate, frame rate and many other options.
var settings = new VideoEncoderSettings(width: 1920, height: 1080, framerate: 30, codec: VideoCodec.H264);
settings.EncoderPreset = EncoderPreset.Fast;
settings.CRF = 17;
var file = MediaBuilder.CreateContainer(@"C:\videos\example.mp4").WithVideo(settings).Create();
while(file.Video.FramesCount < 300)
{
    file.Video.AddFrame(/*Your code*/);
}
file.Dispose(); // MediaOutput ("file" variable) must be disposed when encoding is completed. You can use `using() { }` block instead.

This is a solution for creating a video from an image sequence using Visual Studio using C#.

My starting point was "Hauns TM"'s answer below but my requirements were more basic than theirs so this solution might be more appropriated for less advanced users ( like myself )

Libraries:

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Drawing;
using Accord.Video.FFMPEG;

You can get the FFMPEG libarary by searching for FFMPEG in "Tools -> NuGet Package Manager -> Manage NuGet Packages for a Solution..."

The variables that I passed into the function are:

• outputFileName = "C://outputFolder//outputMovie.avi"
• inputImageSequence = ["C://inputFolder//image_001.avi", "C://inputFolder//image_002.avi", "C://inputFolder//image_003.avi", "C://inputFolder//image_004.avi"]

Function:

private void videoMaker( string outputFileName , string[] inputImageSequence)
{
  int width = 1920;
  int height = 1080;
  var framRate = 25;

  using (var vFWriter = new VideoFileWriter())
  {
    // create new video file
    vFWriter.Open(outputFileName, width, height, framRate, VideoCodec.Raw);

    foreach (var imageLocation in inputImageSequence)
    {
      Bitmap imageFrame = System.Drawing.Image.FromFile(imageLocation) as Bitmap;
      vFWriter.WriteVideoFrame(imageFrame);
    }
    vFWriter.Close();
  }
}

It looks like many of these answers are a bit obsolete year 2020, so I add my thoughts.

I have been working on the same problem and have published the .NET Core project Time Lapse Creator on GitHub: https://github.com/pekspro/TimeLapseCreator It shows how to add information on extra frame (like a timestamp for instance), background audio, title screen, fading and some more. And then ffmpeg is used to make the rendering. This is done in this function:

// Render video from a list of images, add background audio and a thumbnail image.
private async Task RenderVideoAsync(int framesPerSecond, List<string> images, string ffmpgPath,
        string audioPath, string thumbnailImagePath, string outPath,
        double videoFadeInDuration = 0, double videoFadeOutDuration = 0,
        double audioFadeInDuration = 0, double audioFadeOutDuration = 0)
{
    string fileListName = Path.Combine(OutputPath, "framelist.txt");
    var fileListContent = images.Select(a => $"file '{a}'{Environment.NewLine}duration 1");

    await File.WriteAllLinesAsync(fileListName, fileListContent);

    TimeSpan vidLengthCalc = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(images.Count / ((double)framesPerSecond));
    int coverId = -1;
    int audioId = -1;
    int framesId = 0;
    int nextId = 1;

    StringBuilder inputParameters = new StringBuilder();
    StringBuilder outputParameters = new StringBuilder();

    inputParameters.Append($"-r {framesPerSecond} -f concat -safe 0 -i {fileListName} ");

    outputParameters.Append($"-map {framesId} ");

    if(videoFadeInDuration > 0 || videoFadeOutDuration > 0)
    {
        List<string> videoFilterList = new List<string>();
        if (videoFadeInDuration > 0)
        {
            //Assume we fade in from first second.
            videoFilterList.Add($"fade=in:start_time={0}s:duration={videoFadeInDuration.ToString("0", NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo)}s");
        }

        if (videoFadeOutDuration > 0)
        {
            //Assume we fade out to last second.
            videoFilterList.Add($"fade=out:start_time={(vidLengthCalc.TotalSeconds - videoFadeOutDuration).ToString("0.000", NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo)}s:duration={videoFadeOutDuration.ToString("0.000", NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo)}s");
        }

        string videoFilterString = string.Join(',', videoFilterList);

        outputParameters.Append($"-filter:v:{framesId} \"{videoFilterString}\" ");
    }

    if (thumbnailImagePath != null)
    {
        coverId = nextId;
        nextId++;

        inputParameters.Append($"-i {thumbnailImagePath} ");

        outputParameters.Append($"-map {coverId} ");
        outputParameters.Append($"-c:v:{coverId} copy -disposition:v:{coverId} attached_pic ");
    }

    if (audioPath != null)
    {
        audioId = nextId;
        nextId++;

        inputParameters.Append($"-i {audioPath} ");
        outputParameters.Append($"-map {audioId} ");

        if(audioFadeInDuration <= 0 && audioFadeOutDuration <= 0)
        {
            // If no audio fading, just copy as it is.
            outputParameters.Append($"-c:a copy ");
        }
        else
        {
            List<string> audioEffectList = new List<string>();
            if(audioFadeInDuration > 0)
            {
                //Assume we fade in from first second.
                audioEffectList.Add($"afade=in:start_time={0}s:duration={audioFadeInDuration.ToString("0", NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo)}s");
            }

            if (audioFadeOutDuration > 0)
            {
                //Assume we fade out to last second.
                audioEffectList.Add($"afade=out:start_time={(vidLengthCalc.TotalSeconds - audioFadeOutDuration).ToString("0.000", NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo)}s:duration={audioFadeOutDuration.ToString("0.000", NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo)}s");
            }

            string audioFilterString = string.Join(',', audioEffectList);

            outputParameters.Append($"-filter:a \"{audioFilterString}\" ");
        }
    }

    int milliseconds = vidLengthCalc.Milliseconds;
    int seconds = vidLengthCalc.Seconds;
    int minutes = vidLengthCalc.Minutes;
    var hours = (int)vidLengthCalc.TotalHours;

    string durationString = $"{hours:D}:{minutes:D2}:{seconds:D2}.{milliseconds:D3}";

    outputParameters.Append($"-c:v:{framesId} libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -to {durationString} {outPath} -y ");
        
    string parameters = inputParameters.ToString() + outputParameters.ToString();

    try
    {
        await Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
        {
            var outputLog = new List<string>();

            using (var process = new Process
            {
                StartInfo =
                {
                FileName = ffmpgPath,
                Arguments = parameters,
                UseShellExecute = false,
                CreateNoWindow = true,
                // ffmpeg send everything to the error output, standard output is not used.
                RedirectStandardError = true
                },
                EnableRaisingEvents = true
            })
            {
                process.ErrorDataReceived += (sender, e) =>
                {
                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(e.Data))
                    {
                        return;
                    }

                    outputLog.Add(e.Data.ToString());
                    Console.WriteLine(e.Data.ToString());
                };

                process.Start();

                process.BeginErrorReadLine();

                process.WaitForExit();

                if (process.ExitCode != 0)
                {
                    throw new Exception($"ffmpeg failed error exit code {process.ExitCode}. Log: {string.Join(Environment.NewLine, outputLog)}");
                }
                Console.WriteLine($"Exit code: {process.ExitCode}");
            }
        });
    }
    catch(Win32Exception )
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Oh no, failed to start ffmpeg. Have you downloaded and copied ffmpeg.exe to the output folder?");
    }

    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine("Video was successfully created. It is availible at: " + Path.GetFullPath(outPath));
}

This function is based on Splicer.Net library.Took me ages to understand how that library works. Make sure that your fps(frame per second )is correct. By the way standard 24 f/s.

In my case I have 15 images and I now that I need 7 seconds video-> so fps =2. Fps may vary according to platform...or developer usage.

public bool CreateVideo(List<Bitmap> bitmaps, string outputFile, double fps)
        {
            int width = 640;
            int height = 480;
            if (bitmaps == null || bitmaps.Count == 0) return false;
            try
            {
                using (ITimeline timeline = new DefaultTimeline(fps))
                {
                    IGroup group = timeline.AddVideoGroup(32, width, height);
                    ITrack videoTrack = group.AddTrack();
                    
                    int i = 0;
                    double miniDuration = 1.0 / fps;
                    foreach (var bmp in bitmaps)
                    {
                        IClip clip = videoTrack.AddImage(bmp, 0, i * miniDuration, (i + 1) * miniDuration);
                        System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(++i);

                    }
                    timeline.AddAudioGroup();
                    IRenderer renderer = new WindowsMediaRenderer(timeline, outputFile, WindowsMediaProfiles.HighQualityVideo);
                    renderer.Render();
                }
            }
            catch { return false; }
            return true;
        }

Hope this helps.