I cannot pass lambda as std::function

Let's focus on this example:

template<typename T>
class C{
    public:
    void func(std::vector<T>& vec, std::function<T( const std::string)>& f){
        //Do Something
    }
};

And now, I am trying:

std::vector<int> vec;
auto lambda = [](const std::string& s) { return std::stoi(s); };
C<int> c;
c.func(vec, lambda);

It causes errors:

no matching function for call to ‘C<int>::func(std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >&, main()::<lambda(const string&)>&)’
     ref.parse(vec, lambda);

Please explain me what is not ok and how to implement it with std::bind as well.

It's because a lambda function is not a std::function<...>. The type of

auto lambda = [](const std::string& s) { return std::stoi(s); };

is not std::function<int(const std::string&)>, but something unspecified which can be assigned to a std::function. Now, when you call your method, the compiler complains that the types don't match, as conversion would mean to create a temporary which cannot bind to a non-const reference.

This is also not specific to lambda functions as the error happens when you pass a normal function. This won't work either:

int f(std::string const&) {return 0;}

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> vec;
    C<int> c;
    c.func(vec, f);
}

You can either assign the lambda to a std::function

std::function<int(const std::string&)> lambda = [](const std::string& s) { return std::stoi(s); };

,change your member-function to take the function by value or const-reference or make the function parameter a template type. This will be slightly more efficient in case you pass a lambda or normal function pointer, but I personally like the expressive std::function type in the signature.

template<typename T>
class C{
    public:
    void func(std::vector<T>& vec, std::function<T( const std::string)> f){
        //Do Something
    }

    // or
    void func(std::vector<T>& vec, std::function<T( const std::string)> const& f){
        //Do Something
    }

    // or
    template<typename F> func(std::vector<T>& vec, F f){
        //Do Something
    }
};

It's because the argument (std::function) is a reference. It should be:

void func(std::vector<T>& vec, std::function<T(const std::string&)> f)
                                                                ^  ^
                                                                   |
                                                                   f not a reference
                                                                    

So that the argument can be converted to the parameter type.

Also, the type of the function should match. I.e. it should accept a string reference.