Instead of `&quot;w&quot;` use `&quot;a&quot;` (append) mode with [`open`][1] function:

    with open(&quot;games.txt&quot;, &quot;a&quot;) as text_file:


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/2.7/library/functions.html#open

I&#39;m looking to upload files through my `nginx` server. I&#39;m currently running `nginx-1.4.6` and am willing up move to the latest stable `nginx-1.5*` as necessary. 

The community favorite is/was Valery Kholodkov&#39;s `nginx-upload-module`, found [here]( https://github.com/vkholodkov/nginx-upload-module). Regrettably Valery is no longer maintaining this module, details [here](https://github.com/vkholodkov/nginx-upload-module/issues/41). As of `nginx-1.3.9` the module works partially or not at all. 

I&#39;ve compiled the `nginx-upload-module` into `nginx-1.4.6` and am getting a bug (Client cxn closed) that seems to be fixed in the `nginx-1.5.3` [changeset](http://nginx.org/en/CHANGES). However I&#39;ve applied the patch and had no luck.

Anatoly&#39;s slightly dated post, [here](https://coderwall.com/p/swgfvw), offers multiple solutions, includes four solutions

 - [nginx-upload-module](https://github.com/vkholodkov/nginx-upload-module)
 - [nginx-big-upload](https://github.com/pgaertig/nginx-big-upload)
 - [lua-resty-upload](https://github.com/agentzh/lua-resty-upload)
 - [clientbodyinfileonly](http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#client_body_in_file_only)

As I dive into the second and fourth solutions (I prefer not to make `lua` a dependency, but I might) I figured that it&#39;s appropriate to ask this community:

  __What are the current best practices for file uploading with `nginx-1.5+`?__

Let me add that I&#39;m uploading files from a `python` `POST` command and trying to test with `curl`. `PHP` is not on my tech stack. 






nginx 1.5+ file upload -- best practices

this is somewhat related to this question  
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11238514/why-is-djangos-settings-object-a-lazyobject

In my django project i have several applications. Each application can have its own non-trivial settings file.

    proj/
        proj/
             settings.py
        app/
             settings.py
             views.py

What is the general best practice here?  
should app/settings.py do   

    from django.conf import settings
    APP_SETTING= lambda: settings.getattr(&#39;APP_SETTING&#39;, &#39;custom_value&#39;)
    PROJ_SETTING= lambda: settings.PROJ_SETTING

and then in app/views.py do

    import .settings 
    X = settings.APP_SETTING
    Y = settings.PROJ_SETTING

or should I be modifying the django lazy settings object in app/settings.py as per the django coding style?

    from django.conf import settings
    # not even sure how I would check for a default value that was specified in proj/settings.py
    settings.configure(APP_SETTING=&#39;custom_value&#39;)

and then each app/views.py just consumes proj/settings.py via django.conf settings?

    from django.conf import settings
    X = settings.APP_SETTING
    Y = settings.PROJ_SETTING


There are obviously quite a few other permutations but I think my intent is clear.  
Thanks in advance.




django settings per application - best practice?

    with open(&quot;games.txt&quot;, &quot;w&quot;) as text_file:
        print(driver.current_url)
        text_file.write(driver.current_url + &quot;\n&quot;)

I&#39;m using this code right now, but when it writes to the file it overwrites the old content. How can I simply add to it without erasing the content that&#39;s already there.

How to write to a file without overwriting current contents?

<pre><code class="hljs language-python">with open("games.txt", "w") as text_file:
 print(driver.current_url)
 text_file.write(driver.current_url + "\n")
</code></pre>
I'm using this code right now, but when it writes to the file it overwrites the old content. How can I simply add to it without erasing the content that's already there.

`list.sort()` sorts the list and replaces the original list, whereas `sorted(list)` returns a sorted copy of the list, without changing the original list.

 - When is one preferred over the other?
 - Which is more efficient? By how much?
 - Can a list be reverted to the unsorted state after `list.sort()` has been performed?

What is the difference between `sorted(list)` vs `list.sort()`?

According to the documentation http://docs.python.org/3.3/library/webbrowser.html it&#39;s supposed to open in the default browser, but for some reason on my machine it opens IE. I did a google search and I came across an answer that said I need to register browsers, but I&#39;m not sure how to use webbrowser.register() and the documentation doesn&#39;t seem to be very clear. How do I register Chrome so that urls I pass to webbrowser.open() open in Chrome instead of IE?

Python webbrowser.open() to open Chrome browser

If `app.secret_key` isn&#39;t set, Flask will not allow you to set or access the session dictionary. 

This is all that the [flask user guide has to say][1] on the subject.

I am very new to web development and I have no idea how/why any security stuff works. I would like to understand what Flask is doing under the hood.

 * Why does Flask force us to set this `secret_key` property? 
 * How does Flask use the `secret_key` property?


  [1]: http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/quickstart/#sessions

demystify Flask app.secret_key

If I have a dataframe with the following columns: 

    1. NAME                                     object
    2. On_Time                                      object
    3. On_Budget                                    object
    4. %actual_hr                                  float64
    5. Baseline Start Date                  datetime64[ns]
    6. Forecast Start Date                  datetime64[ns] 

I would like to be able to say: for this dataframe, **give me a list of the columns which are of type &#39;object&#39; or of type &#39;datetime&#39;**?

I have a function which converts numbers (&#39;float64&#39;) to two decimal places, and I would like to use this list of dataframe columns, of a particular type, and run it through this function to convert them all to 2dp.

Maybe something like:

    For c in col_list: if c.dtype = &quot;Something&quot;
    list[]
    List.append(c)?

Get list of pandas dataframe columns based on data type

Say that I have a dataframe that looks like:

    Name Group_Id
    AAA  1
    ABC  1
    CCC  2
    XYZ  2
    DEF  3 
    YYH  3

How could I randomly select one (or more) row for each `Group_Id`? Say that I want one random draw per `Group_Id`, I would get:

    Name Group_Id
    AAA  1
    XYZ  2
    DEF  3
 

Python: Random selection per group

Several times here on SO I&#39;ve seen people using `rt` and `wt` modes for reading and writing files.

For example:

    with open(&#39;input.txt&#39;, &#39;rt&#39;) as input_file:
         with open(&#39;output.txt&#39;, &#39;wt&#39;) as output_file: 
             ...

I don&#39;t see the modes [documented][1], but since `open()` doesn&#39;t throw an error - looks like it&#39;s pretty much legal to use.

What is it for and is there any difference between using `wt` vs `w` and  `rt` vs `r`?



  [1]: https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#open

Open files in &#39;rt&#39; and &#39;wt&#39; modes

I have a very large data set and I can&#39;t afford to read the entire data set in. So, I&#39;m thinking of reading only one chunk of it to train but I have no idea how to do it. Any thought will be appreciated.

Python Pandas: How to read only first n rows of CSV files in?

I need to read and write data to/from a text file, but I haven&#39;t been able to figure out how.

I found this sample code in the Swift&#39;s iBook, but I still don&#39;t know how to write or read data.

    import Cocoa
    
    class DataImporter
    {
    	/*
    	DataImporter is a class to import data from an external file.
    	The class is assumed to take a non-trivial amount of time to initialize.
    	*/
    	var fileName = &quot;data.txt&quot;
    	// the DataImporter class would provide data importing functionality here
    }
    
    class DataManager
    {
    	@lazy var importer = DataImporter()
    	var data = String[]()
    	// the DataManager class would provide data management functionality here
    }
    
    let manager = DataManager()
    manager.data += &quot;Some data&quot;
    manager.data += &quot;Some more data&quot;
    // the DataImporter instance for the importer property has not yet been created”
    
    println(manager.importer.fileName)
    // the DataImporter instance for the importer property has now been created
    // prints &quot;data.txt”
    
    
    
    var str = &quot;Hello World in Swift Language.&quot;

Read and write a String from text file

I want to have a place to store my image files to use in my Java project (a really simple class that just loads an image onto a panel). I have looked everywhere and cannot find how to do this. How do I do this?

I have tried adding a new folder to the project, adding a new class folder to the project, and adding a new source folder to the project. No matter what I do, I always get a `IOException`. The folders always say they are on the build path, so I&#39;m not sure what to do.

    import java.awt.Color;
    import java.awt.Dimension;
    import java.awt.Graphics;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import javax.swing.JFrame;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;

    public class PracticeFrame extends JFrame{
	
	private static BufferedImage image;
	Thread thread;
	
	public PracticeFrame() {
		super();
		setPreferredSize(new Dimension(640,480));
		setResizable(false);
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		pack();
		setVisible(true);
	}
	
	public static void main (String[] args) {
		PracticeFrame pframe = new PracticeFrame();
		try {
			image = ImageIO.read(new File(&quot;/islands.png&quot;));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		JPanel panel = new JPanel() {
			@Override
			protected void  paintComponent(Graphics g) {
				super.paintComponent(g);
				g.drawImage(image,0,0,null);
			}
		};
		
		panel.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
		panel.repaint();
		pframe.add(panel);
		
		
	}
	
	
    }

EDIT: Something that worked for me, and I have no idea why, was adding the `main/res/` folder as a class folder and then removing it.  I ran it while the `/main/res/` was part of the build path as a class folder and it still didn&#39;t work. When i added it, i got a popup that told me something about excluded filters. But when i removed the folder from the libraries in the build path, and changed my file path to:

    image = ImageIO.read(new File(&quot;src/main/res/islands.png&quot;));

I at least stopped getting the `IOException` thrown. I must not be adding the image to the panel correctly, because it&#39;s not showing up, but at least it found the file (I think).

How do I add a resources folder to my Java project in Eclipse

I am writing a piece of code:

    OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(createdFile);
    GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(outputStream);
    BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(gzipOutputStream));

Do I need to close every stream or writer like the following?

    gzipOutputStream.close();
    bw.close();
    outputStream.close();

Or will just closing the last stream be fine?

    bw.close();


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	user2540748	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Paulo Bu	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to write to a file without overwriting current contents?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

django settings per application - best practice?

nginx 1.5+ file upload -- best practices

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