How to use ActiveRecord in a ruby script outside Rails?

I have a small ruby script in which I'd like to use ActiveRecord to easily access a database model. What is the best way to do it?

require 'active_record'

# Change the following to reflect your database settings
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  adapter:  'mysql2', # or 'postgresql' or 'sqlite3' or 'oracle_enhanced'
  host:     'localhost',
  database: 'your_database',
  username: 'your_username',
  password: 'your_password'
)

# Define your classes based on the database, as always
class SomeClass < ActiveRecord::Base
  #blah, blah, blah
end

# Now do stuff with it
puts SomeClass.find :all
some_class = SomeClass.new

It's worth noting that in later versions of activerecord (v3+) you need to require it like so

require "active_record"

You can create a minimal script with an in-memory SQLite database in just a few lines. This answer is also available as a Gist.

Inspired by Jon Leighton's blog post on how to post an awesome ActiveRecord bug report.

---

# Based on http://www.jonathanleighton.com/articles/2011/awesome-active-record-bug-reports/ 

# Run this script with `$ ruby my_script.rb`
require 'sqlite3'
require 'active_record'

# Use `binding.pry` anywhere in this script for easy debugging
require 'pry'

# Connect to an in-memory sqlite3 database
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  adapter: 'sqlite3',
  database: ':memory:'
)

# Define a minimal database schema
ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
  create_table :shows, force: true do |t|
    t.string :name
  end

  create_table :episodes, force: true do |t|
    t.string :name
    t.belongs_to :show, index: true
  end
end

# Define the models
class Show < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :episodes, inverse_of: :show
end

class Episode < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :show, inverse_of: :episodes, required: true
end

# Create a few records...
show = Show.create!(name: 'Big Bang Theory')

first_episode = show.episodes.create!(name: 'Pilot')
second_episode = show.episodes.create!(name: 'The Big Bran Hypothesis')

episode_names = show.episodes.pluck(:name)

puts "#{show.name} has #{show.episodes.size} episodes named #{episode_names.join(', ')}."
# => Big Bang Theory has 2 episodes named Pilot, The Big Bran Hypothesis.

# Use `binding.pry` here to experiment with this setup.