How to update Identity Column in SQL Server?

SqlSql ServerTsqlSql Server-2008

Sql Problem Overview

I have SQL Server database and I want to change the identity column because it started with a big number 10010 and it's related with another table, now I have 200 records and I want to fix this issue before the records increases.

What's the best way to change or reset this column?

Sql Solutions

Solution 1 - Sql

> You can not update identity column. > > SQL Server does not allow to update the identity column unlike what you can do with other columns with an update statement.

Although there are some alternatives to achieve a similar kind of requirement.

  • When Identity column value needs to be updated for new records

Use DBCC CHECKIDENT which checks the current identity value for the table and if it's needed, changes the identity value.

DBCC CHECKIDENT('tableName', RESEED, NEW_RESEED_VALUE)
  • When Identity column value needs to be updated for existing records

Use IDENTITY_INSERT which allows explicit values to be inserted into the identity column of a table.

SET IDENTITY_INSERT YourTable {ON|OFF}

Example:

-- Set Identity insert on so that value can be inserted into this column
SET IDENTITY_INSERT YourTable ON
GO
-- Insert the record which you want to update with new value in the identity column
INSERT INTO YourTable(IdentityCol, otherCol) VALUES(13,'myValue')
GO
-- Delete the old row of which you have inserted a copy (above) (make sure about FK's)
DELETE FROM YourTable WHERE ID=3
GO
--Now set the idenetity_insert OFF to back to the previous track
SET IDENTITY_INSERT YourTable OFF

Solution 2 - Sql

If got your question right you want to do something like

update table
set identity_column_name = some value

Let me tell you, it is not an easy process and it is not advisable to use it, as there may be some foreign key associated on it.

But here are steps to do it, Please take a back-up of table

Step 1- Select design view of the table

enter image description here

Step 2- Turn off the identity column

enter image description here

Now you can use the update query.

Now redo the step 1 and step 2 and Turn on the identity column

Reference

Solution 3 - Sql

You need to

set identity_insert YourTable ON

Then delete your row and reinsert it with different identity.

Once you have done the insert don't forget to turn identity_insert off

set identity_insert YourTable OFF

Solution 4 - Sql

--before running this make sure Foreign key constraints have been removed that reference the ID. 

--set table to allow identity to be inserted
SET IDENTITY_INSERT yourTable ON;
GO
--insert everything into a temp table
SELECT * 
INTO #tmpYourTable
FROM yourTable

--clear your table
DELETE FROM yourTable
--insert back all the values with the updated ID column
INSERT INTO yourTable (IDCol, OtherCols)
SELECT ID+1 as updatedID --put any other update logic to the ID here
, OtherCols FROM #tmpYourTable
--drop the temp table
DROP TABLE #tmpYourTable
--put identity back to normal
SET IDENTITY_INSERT yourTable OFF;
GO

Solution 5 - Sql

Try using DBCC CHECKIDENT:

DBCC CHECKIDENT ('YourTable', RESEED, 1);

Solution 6 - Sql

SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.TableName ON
INSERT INTO dbo.TableName 
(
    TableId, ColumnName1, ColumnName2, ColumnName3
)
VALUES
(
    TableId_Value, ColumnName1_Value, ColumnName2_Value, ColumnName3_Value
)

SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.TableName OFF

When using Identity_Insert don't forget to include the column names because sql will not allow you to insert without specifying them

Solution 7 - Sql

DBCC CHECKIDENT(table_name, RESEED, value)

table_name = give the table you want to reset value

value=initial value to be zero,to start identity column with 1

Solution 8 - Sql

copy your table to a new table without identity column.

    select columns into newtable from yourtable

add an identity column to newtable with new seed and make it as a primary key

    ALTER TABLE tableName ADD id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT KEY

Solution 9 - Sql

You can also use SET IDENTITY INSERT to allow you to insert values into an identity column.

Example:

SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.Tool ON
GO

And then you can insert into an identity column the values you need.

Solution 10 - Sql

Complete solution for C# programmers using command builder

First of all, you have to know this facts:

  • In any case, you cannot modify an identity column, so you have to delete the row and re-add with new identity.
  • You cannot remove the identity property from the column (you would have to remove to column)
  • The custom command builder from .net always skips the identity column, so you cannot use it for this purpose.

So, once knowing that, what you have to do is. Either program your own SQL Insert statement, or program you own insert command builder. Or use this one that I'be programmed for you. Given a DataTable, generates the SQL Insert script:

public static string BuildInsertSQLText ( DataTable table )
{
	StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder(1000,5000000);
	StringBuilder values = new StringBuilder ( "VALUES (" );
	bool bFirst = true;
	bool bIdentity = false;
	string identityType = null;

	foreach(DataRow myRow in table.Rows) 
	{
		sql.Append( "\r\nINSERT INTO " + table.TableName + " (" );

	    foreach ( DataColumn column in table.Columns )
		{
			if ( column.AutoIncrement )
			{
				bIdentity = true;

				switch ( column.DataType.Name )
				{
					case "Int16":
						identityType = "smallint";
						break;
					case "SByte":
						identityType = "tinyint";
						break;
					case "Int64":
						identityType = "bigint";
						break;
					case "Decimal":
						identityType = "decimal";
						break;
					default:
						identityType = "int";
						break;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				if ( bFirst )
					bFirst = false;
				else
				{
					sql.Append ( ", " );
					values.Append ( ", " );
				}
                sql.Append ("[");
				sql.Append ( column.ColumnName );
                sql.Append ("]");
						
				//values.Append (myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString() );

                if (myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString() == "True")
                    values.Append("1");
                else if (myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString() == "False")
                    values.Append("0");
                else if(myRow[column.ColumnName] == System.DBNull.Value) 	
					values.Append ("NULL");
				else if(column.DataType.ToString().Equals("System.String"))
				{
					values.Append("'"+myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString()+"'");
				}
                else
					values.Append (myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString());
					//values.Append (column.DataType.ToString() );
			}
		}
		sql.Append ( ") " );
		sql.Append ( values.ToString () );
		sql.Append ( ")" );

		if ( bIdentity )
		{
			sql.Append ( "; SELECT CAST(scope_identity() AS " );
			sql.Append ( identityType );
			sql.Append ( ")" );
		}
		bFirst = true;
        sql.Append(";");
   		values = new StringBuilder ( "VALUES (" );
    } //fin foreach
	return sql.ToString ();
}

Solution 11 - Sql

ALTER TABLE tablename add newcolumn int
update tablename set newcolumn=existingcolumnname
ALTER TABLE tablename DROP COLUMN existingcolumnname;
EXEC sp_RENAME 'tablename.oldcolumn' , 'newcolumnname', 'COLUMN'
update tablename set newcolumnname=value where condition

However above code works only if there is no primary-foreign key relation

Solution 12 - Sql

I had similar problem I needed update some IDs what I did was ( i needed to Increase them by 10k ):

set identity_insert YourTable ON

INSERT INTO YourTable 
   ([ID]
   ,[something1]
   ,[something2]
   ,[something3])
SELECT 
   ([ID] + 10000)
   ,[something1]
   ,[something2]
   ,[something3]) 
FROM YourTable
WHERE something1 = 'needs updeted id' 
   AND something2 = 'some other condition'

set identity_insert YourTable OFF

DELETE FROM YourTable 
WHERE ID >= 'your old ID From' 
   AND ID <= 'Your old ID To'

And that's it. Hope you understand this logic, in my case there was also PK-FK keys connection with other tables, which meant i had to update them, before i could delete from 'YourTable' original rows.

I know there is already answers to this I just wanted to leave SQL query as example,

Solution 13 - Sql

I have solved this problem firstly using DBCC and then using insert. For example if your table is

Firstly set new current ID Value on the table as NEW_RESEED_VALUE

MyTable { IDCol, colA, colB }

    DBCC CHECKIDENT('MyTable', RESEED, NEW_RESEED_VALUE)

then you can use

    insert into MyTable (colA, ColB) select colA, colB from MyTable

This would duplicate all your records but using new IDCol value starting as NEW_RESEED_VALUE. You can then remove higher ID Value duplicate rows once your have removed/moved their foreign key references, if any.

Solution 14 - Sql

You can create a new table using the following code.

SELECT IDENTITY (int, 1, 1) AS id, column1, column2
INTO dbo.NewTable
FROM dbo.OldTable

Then delete the old db, and rename the new db to the old db's name. Note: that column1 and column2 represent all the columns in your old table that you want to keep in your new table.

Solution 15 - Sql

If you specifically need to change the primary key value to a different number (ex 123 -> 1123). The identity property blocks changing a PK value. Set Identity_insert isn't going to work. Doing an Insert/Delete is not advisable if you have cascading deletes (unless you turn off referential integrity checking).

EDIT: Newer versions of SQL don't allow changing the syscolumns entity, so part of my solution has to be done the hard way. Refer to this SO on how to remove Identity from a primary key instead: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8230257/remove-identity-from-a-column-in-a-table This script will turn off identity on a PK:

***********************

sp_configure 'allow update', 1
go
reconfigure with override
go


update syscolumns set colstat = 0 --turn off bit 1 which indicates identity column
where id = object_id('table_name') and name = 'column_name'
go


exec sp_configure 'allow update', 0
go
reconfigure with override
go

***********************

Next, you can set the relationships so they'll update the foreign key references. Or else you need to turn off relationship enforcement. This SO link shows how: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/159038/how-can-foreign-key-constraints-be-temporarily-disabled-using-t-sql

Now, you can do your updates. I wrote a short script to write all my update SQL based on the same column name (in my case, I needed to increase the CaseID by 1,000,000:

select 
'update ['+c.table_name+'] SET ['+Column_Name+']=['+Column_Name+']+1000000'
from Information_Schema.Columns as c
JOIN Information_Schema.Tables as t ON t.table_Name=c.table_name and t.Table_Schema=c.table_schema and t.table_type='BASE TABLE'
where Column_Name like 'CaseID' order by Ordinal_position

Lastly, re-enable referential integrity and then re-enable the Identity column on the primary key.

Note: I see some folks on these questions ask WHY. In my case, I have to merge data from a second production instance into a master DB so I can shut down the second instance. I just need all the PK/FKs of operations data to not collide. Meta-data FKs are identical.

Solution 16 - Sql

I did the following:

  1. MOVE related data into temporary storage
  2. UPDATE primary key/identity column value (dropping and creating constraints)
  3. RE-INSERT related data with new foreign key value

I wrapped my solution in a STORED PROCEDURE:

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[UpdateCustomerLocationId]
	@oldCustomerLocationId INT,
	@newCustomerLocationId INT
AS
  /* 
	Updates CustomerLocation.CustomerLocationId @oldCustomerLocationId to @newCustomerLocationId
	
	Example:
		EXEC [dbo].[UpdateCustomerLocationId] 
			@oldCustomerLocationId = 6154874, 
			@newCustomerLocationId = 50334;
	*/

BEGIN

	SET NOCOUNT ON;
	
	-- exit if @oldCustomerLocationId does not exists
	IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM dbo.CustomerLocation cl WHERE cl.CustomerLocationId = @oldCustomerLocationId)
	BEGIN
		PRINT CONCAT('CustomerLocationId ''', @oldCustomerLocationId, ''' (@oldCustomerLocationId) does not exist in dbo.CustomerLocation');
		RETURN 1; -- 0 = success, > 0 = failure
	END

	-- exit if @newCustomerLocationId already exists
	IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM dbo.CustomerLocation cl WHERE cl.CustomerLocationId = @newCustomerLocationId)
	BEGIN
		PRINT CONCAT('CustomerLocationId ''', @newCustomerLocationId, ''' (@newCustomerLocationId) already exists in dbo.CustomerLocation');
		RETURN 2; -- 0 = success, > 0 = failure
	END
	

	BEGIN TRAN;


		BEGIN -- MOVE related data into temporary storage

			IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM dbo.CustomerLocationData t WHERE t.CustomerLocationId = @oldCustomerLocationId) BEGIN
    
				IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#CustomerLocationData') IS NOT NULL
					DROP TABLE #CustomerLocationData;

				SELECT * INTO #CustomerLocationData FROM dbo.CustomerLocationData t WHERE t.CustomerLocationId = @oldCustomerLocationId;
				DELETE t FROM dbo.CustomerLocationData t WHERE t.CustomerLocationId = @oldCustomerLocationId;

			END

		END


		BEGIN -- UPDATE dbo.CustomerLocation

			-- DROP CONSTRAINTs
			ALTER TABLE [dbo].[CustomerLocation] DROP CONSTRAINT [UC_CustomerLocation];

			-- INSERT OLD record with new CustomerLocationId
			SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.CustomerLocation ON;

			INSERT INTO dbo.CustomerLocation
			(
				CustomerLocationId, CustomerId, LocationId, CustomerLocationIdent, CustomerLocationIdent2, LocationIdent, LocationName, CustomerDistrictId, 
				CustomerLocationGUID, UpdatedOn, IssueManager, EnrollSelfMonitoring, TemperatureControlDeadlineHour, CreatedOn, OperationBegin, ActiveCustomer, 
				Comments, LocationName2, ParentGroup, TempString1, TempString2, TempString3, TempString4, TempString5, AutoInheritFromLocation, ClassificationPrimary
			)
			SELECT @newCustomerLocationId AS CustomerLocationId, CustomerId,LocationId, CustomerLocationIdent, CustomerLocationIdent2, LocationIdent, LocationName, CustomerDistrictId,
				CustomerLocationGUID, UpdatedOn, IssueManager, EnrollSelfMonitoring, TemperatureControlDeadlineHour, CreatedOn, OperationBegin, ActiveCustomer,
				Comments,LocationName2, ParentGroup, TempString1, TempString2, TempString3, TempString4, TempString5, AutoInheritFromLocation, ClassificationPrimary
			FROM dbo.CustomerLocation 
			WHERE CustomerLocationId = @oldCustomerLocationId;

			SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.CustomerLocation OFF;

			-- DELETE OLD record
			DELETE cl FROM dbo.CustomerLocation cl WHERE cl.CustomerLocationId = @oldCustomerLocationId;

			-- ADD CONSTRAINTS
			ALTER TABLE [dbo].[CustomerLocation] ADD CONSTRAINT [UC_CustomerLocation] UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED ([CustomerId], [LocationId]);

		END


		BEGIN -- re-INSERT related data from temporary storage

			IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#CustomerLocationData') IS NOT NULL BEGIN
				SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.CustomerLocationData ON;
				INSERT INTO dbo.CustomerLocationData (Guid, CustomerLocationId, CustomerLocationDataTypeId, Date, Category, Data)
				SELECT Guid, @newCustomerLocationId CustomerLocationId, CustomerLocationDataTypeId, Date, Category, Data FROM #CustomerLocationData;
				SET IDENTITY_INSERT dbo.CustomerLocationData OFF;
			END

		END


	COMMIT TRAN;

END

Solution 17 - Sql

This happened to me because I did a merge that was updating the ID that I was doing the Merge on.

Example that did not work (note ClownID):

    MERGE ArchitectMain.dbo.BackendClowns AS TGT 
   USING (
	SELECT ClownID
		,ClownName
		,Description
		,Active
		,EmailSubject
		,AddedBy
		,Added
	FROM #temptable1
	) AS SRC(ClownID, ClownName, Description, Active, EmailSubject, AddedBy, Added)
	ON (TGT.ClownID = SRC.ClownID)
WHEN MATCHED
	THEN
		UPDATE
		SET ClownID = SRC.ClownID
            ,ClownName = SRC.ClownName
			,Description = SRC.Description
			,Active = SRC.Active
			,EmailSubject = SRC.EmailSubject
			,AddedBy = SRC.AddedBy
			,Added = SRC.Added;

Example that worked (note ClownID):

MERGE ArchitectMain.dbo.BackendClowns AS TGT
USING (
	SELECT ClownID
		,ClownName
		,Description
		,Active
		,EmailSubject
		,AddedBy
		,Added
	FROM #temptable1
	) AS SRC(ClownID, ClownName, Description, Active, EmailSubject, AddedBy, Added)
	ON (TGT.ClownID = SRC.ClownID)
WHEN MATCHED
	THEN
		UPDATE
		SET ClownName = SRC.ClownName
			,Description = SRC.Description
			,Active = SRC.Active
			,EmailSubject = SRC.EmailSubject
			,AddedBy = SRC.AddedBy
			,Added = SRC.Added;
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