How to solve java.lang.OutOfMemoryError trouble in Android

Altough I have very small size image in drawable folder, I am getting this error from users. And I am not using any bitmap function in code. At least intentionally :)

java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
    at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeAsset(Native Method)
    at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java:683)
    at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResourceStream(BitmapFactory.java:513)
    at android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.createFromResourceStream(Drawable.java:889)
    at android.content.res.Resources.loadDrawable(Resources.java:3436)
    at android.content.res.Resources.getDrawable(Resources.java:1909)
    at android.view.View.setBackgroundResource(View.java:16251)
    at com.autkusoytas.bilbakalim.SoruEkrani.cevapSecimi(SoruEkrani.java:666)
    at com.autkusoytas.bilbakalim.SoruEkrani$9$1.run(SoruEkrani.java:862)
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:146)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5602)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1283)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1099)
    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

According to this stackTrace I'm gettin this error at this line ('tv' is a textView):

tv.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.yanlis);

What is the problem? If you need some other information about code, I can add it. Thanks!

You can't increase the heap size dynamically but you can request to use more by using.

>android:largeHeap="true"

in the manifest.xml,you can add in your manifest these lines it is working for some situations.

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:largeHeap="true"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

> Whether your application's processes should be created with a large Dalvik heap. This applies to all processes created for the application. It only applies to the first application loaded into a process; if you're using a shared user ID to allow multiple applications to use a process, they all must use this option consistently or they will have unpredictable results. Most apps should not need this and should instead focus on reducing their overall memory usage for improved performance. Enabling this also does not guarantee a fixed increase in available memory, because some devices are constrained by their total available memory.

---

To query the available memory size at runtime, use the methods getMemoryClass() or getLargeMemoryClass().

If still facing problem then this should also work

 BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
 options.inSampleSize = 8;
 mBitmapInsurance = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(mCurrentPhotoPath,options);

If set to a value > 1, requests the decoder to subsample the original image, returning a smaller image to save memory.

This is the optimal use of BitmapFactory.Options.inSampleSize with regards to speed of displaying the image. The documentation mentions using values that are a power of 2, so I am working with 2, 4, 8, 16 etc.

###Lets get more deeper to Image Sampling:

For example, it’s not worth loading a 1024x768 pixel image into memory if it will eventually be displayed in a 128x128 pixel thumbnail in an ImageView.

To tell the decoder to subsample the image, loading a smaller version into memory, set inSampleSize to true in your BitmapFactory.Options object. For example, an image with resolution 2100 x 1500 pixels that is decoded with an inSampleSize of 4 produces a bitmap of approximately 512x384. Loading this into memory uses 0.75MB rather than 12MB for the full image (assuming a bitmap configuration of ARGB_8888). Here’s a method to calculate a sample size value that is a power of two based on a target width and height:

public static int calculateInSampleSize(
        BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
    // Raw height and width of image
    final int height = options.outHeight;
    final int width = options.outWidth;
    int inSampleSize = 1;

    if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {

        final int halfHeight = height / 2;
        final int halfWidth = width / 2;

        // Calculate the largest inSampleSize value that is a power of 2 and keeps both
        // height and width larger than the requested height and width.
        while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) > reqHeight
                && (halfWidth / inSampleSize) > reqWidth) {
            inSampleSize *= 2;
        }
    }

    return inSampleSize;
}

> Note: A power of two value is calculated because the decoder uses a > final value by rounding down to the nearest power of two, as per the > inSampleSize documentation.

To use this method, first decode with inJustDecodeBounds set to true, pass the options through and then decode again using the new inSampleSize value and inJustDecodeBounds set to false:

public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId,
    int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {

    // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
    final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);

    // Calculate inSampleSize
    options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);

    // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
    return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
}

This method makes it easy to load a bitmap of arbitrarily large size into an ImageView that displays a 100x100 pixel thumbnail, as shown in the following example code:

mImageView.setImageBitmap(decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(getResources(), R.id.myimage, 100, 100));

You can follow a similar process to decode bitmaps from other sources, by substituting the appropriate BitmapFactory.decode* method as needed.

---

I found this code also interesting:

private Bitmap getBitmap(String path) {

Uri uri = getImageUri(path);
InputStream in = null;
try {
    final int IMAGE_MAX_SIZE = 1200000; // 1.2MP
    in = mContentResolver.openInputStream(uri);

    // Decode image size
    BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in, null, o);
    in.close();

    int scale = 1;
    while ((o.outWidth * o.outHeight) * (1 / Math.pow(scale, 2)) > 
          IMAGE_MAX_SIZE) {
       scale++;
    }
    Log.d(TAG, "scale = " + scale + ", orig-width: " + o.outWidth + ", 
       orig-height: " + o.outHeight);

    Bitmap bitmap = null;
    in = mContentResolver.openInputStream(uri);
    if (scale > 1) {
        scale--;
        // scale to max possible inSampleSize that still yields an image
        // larger than target
        o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o.inSampleSize = scale;
        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in, null, o);

        // resize to desired dimensions
        int height = bitmap.getHeight();
        int width = bitmap.getWidth();
        Log.d(TAG, "1th scale operation dimenions - width: " + width + ",
           height: " + height);

        double y = Math.sqrt(IMAGE_MAX_SIZE
                / (((double) width) / height));
        double x = (y / height) * width;

        Bitmap scaledBitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bitmap, (int) x, 
           (int) y, true);
        bitmap.recycle();
        bitmap = scaledBitmap;

        System.gc();
    } else {
        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);
    }
    in.close();

    Log.d(TAG, "bitmap size - width: " +bitmap.getWidth() + ", height: " + 
       bitmap.getHeight());
    return bitmap;
} catch (IOException e) {
    Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(),e);
    return null;
}

---

###How to Manage Your App's Memory: link

---

It's not a good idea to use android:largeHeap="true" here's the extract from google that explains it,

> However, the ability to request a large heap is intended only for a > small set of apps that can justify the need to consume more RAM (such > as a large photo editing app). Never request a large heap simply > because you've run out of memory and you need a quick fix—you should > use it only when you know exactly where all your memory is being > allocated and why it must be retained. Yet, even when you're confident > your app can justify the large heap, you should avoid requesting it to > whatever extent possible. Using the extra memory will increasingly be > to the detriment of the overall user experience because garbage > collection will take longer and system performance may be slower when > task switching or performing other common operations.

After working excrutiatingly with out of memory errors i would say adding this to the manifest to avoid the oom issue is not a sin

---

###Verifying App Behavior on the Android Runtime (ART)

The Android runtime (ART) is the default runtime for devices running Android 5.0 (API level 21) and higher. This runtime offers a number of features that improve performance and smoothness of the Android platform and apps. You can find more information about ART's new features in Introducing ART.

However, some techniques that work on Dalvik do not work on ART. This document lets you know about things to watch for when migrating an existing app to be compatible with ART. Most apps should just work when running with ART.

---

###Addressing Garbage Collection (GC) Issues

Under Dalvik, apps frequently find it useful to explicitly call System.gc() to prompt garbage collection (GC). This should be far less necessary with ART, particularly if you're invoking garbage collection to prevent GC_FOR_ALLOC-type occurrences or to reduce fragmentation. You can verify which runtime is in use by calling System.getProperty("java.vm.version"). If ART is in use, the property's value is "2.0.0" or higher.

Furthermore, a compacting garbage collector is under development in the Android Open-Source Project (AOSP) to improve memory management. Because of this, you should avoid using techniques that are incompatible with compacting GC (such as saving pointers to object instance data). This is particularly important for apps that make use of the Java Native Interface (JNI). For more information, see Preventing JNI Issues.

---

###Preventing JNI Issues

ART's JNI is somewhat stricter than Dalvik's. It is an especially good idea to use CheckJNI mode to catch common problems. If your app makes use of C/C++ code, you should review the following article:

---

Also, you can use native memory (NDK & JNI), so you actually bypass the heap size limitation.

Here are some posts made about it:

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17900732/how-to-cache-bitmaps-into-native-memory

• https://stackoverflow.com/a/9428660/1761003

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18250951/jni-bitmap-operations-for-helping-to-avoid-oom-when-using-large-images

and here's a library made for it:

• https://github.com/AndroidDeveloperLB/AndroidJniBitmapOperations

I see only two options:

1. You have memory leaks in your application.
2. Devices do not have enough memory when running your application.

If you are getting this Error java.lang.OutOfMemoryError this is the most common problem occurs in Android. This error is thrown by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) when an object cannot be allocated due to lack of memory space.

Try this android:hardwareAccelerated="false" , android:largeHeap="true"in your manifest.xml file under application like this:

<application
  android:name=".MyApplication"
  android:allowBackup="true"
  android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
  android:label="@string/app_name"
  android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
  android:hardwareAccelerated="false"
  android:largeHeap="true" />

You should implement an LRU cache manager when dealing with bitmap

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/util/LruCache.html http://developer.android.com/training/displaying-bitmaps/cache-bitmap.html https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10743381/when-should-i-recycle-a-bitmap-using-lrucache

OR

Use a tier library like Universal Image Loader :

https://github.com/nostra13/Android-Universal-Image-Loader

EDIT :

Now when dealing with images and most of the time with bitmap I use Glide which let you configure a Glide Module and a LRUCache

https://github.com/bumptech/glide

Few hints to handle such error/exception for Android Apps:

1. Activities & Application have methods like:

• onLowMemory
• onTrimMemory Handle these methods to watch on memory usage.

2. tag in Manifest can have attribute 'largeHeap' set to TRUE, which requests more heap for App sandbox.

3. Managing in-memory caching & disk caching:

• Images and other data could have been cached in-memory while app running, (locally in activities/fragment and globally); should be managed or removed.

4. Use of WeakReference, SoftReference of Java instance creation , specifically to files.

5. If so many images, use proper library/data structure which can manage memory, use samling of images loaded, handle disk-caching.

6. Handle OutOfMemory exception

7. Follow best practices for coding

• Leaking of memory (Don't hold everything with strong reference)

8. Minimize activity stack e.g. number of activities in stack (Don't hold everything on context/activty)

• Context makes sense, those data/instances not required out of scope (activity and fragments), hold them into appropriate context instead global reference-holding.

9. Minimize the use of statics, many more singletons.

10. Take care of OS basic memory fundametals

• Memory fragmentation issues

11. Involk GC.Collect() manually sometimes when you are sure that in-memory caching no more needed.

android:largeHeap="true" didn't fix the error

In my case, I got this error after I added an icon/image to Drawable folder by converting SVG to vector. Simply, go to the icon xml file and set small numbers for the width and height

android:width="24dp"
android:height="24dp"
android:viewportWidth="3033"
android:viewportHeight="3033"

Check the image size

I was loading a ~350kB image in an imageview directly via XML (app:srcCompat) which was resulting in OOM error and the application crashed.

To solve it, I loaded the exact same image using Glide into the same imageview and it worked!

> ### Lesson: Reduce image size / defer loading of image