From: &lt;http://nginx.org/r/large_client_header_buffers&gt;

&gt; **Syntax:**   ``large_client_header_buffers`` *`number`* *`size`* `;`   
&gt; **Default:**  `large_client_header_buffers 4 8k;`   
&gt; **Context:**  http, server
&gt;
&gt;Sets the maximum *`number`* and *`size`* of buffers used for reading large client request header. A request line cannot exceed the size of one buffer, or the 414 (Request-URI Too Large) error is returned to the client. A request header field cannot exceed the size of one buffer as well, or the 400 (Bad Request) error is returned to the client. Buffers are allocated only on demand. By default, the buffer size is equal to 8K bytes. If after the end of request processing a connection is transitioned into the keep-alive state, these buffers are released. 

so you need to change the size parameter at the end of that line to something bigger for your needs.

For anyone having issues with this on https://forge.laravel.com, I managed to get this to work using a compilation of SO answers;

 You will need the sudo password.

    sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/uploads.conf


Replace contents with the following;

    fastcgi_buffers 8 16k;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
    
    client_max_body_size 24M;
    client_body_buffer_size 128k;
    
    client_header_buffer_size 5120k;
    large_client_header_buffers 16 5120k;

I had very similar issue but with a different error

&gt; upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream

In order to fix it I&#39;ve changed

    server {
    ....
    proxy_buffers   4 32k;
    proxy_buffer_size   32k;
    ...
    }

For more information you can visit [nginx-doc ][1]


  [1]: http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_buffers

Thanks in advance, I just can&#39;t seem to get it!

I have two tables

**Ordered_Item**

&lt;pre&gt;ID | Item_Name
1  | Pizza
2  | Stromboli&lt;/pre&gt;

**Ordered_Options**

&lt;pre&gt;Ordered_Item_ID | Option_Number | Value
        1               43         Pepperoni
        1               44         Extra Cheese
        2               44         Extra Cheese&lt;/pre&gt;

What I am looking to output is a mysql query is something to this effect

**Output**

&lt;pre&gt;ID | Item_Name | Option_1 | Option_2
1    Pizza       Pepperoni  Extra Cheese
2    Stromboli     NULL     Extra Cheese&lt;/pre&gt;

I have tried numerous options most ending in syntax error, I have tried group_concat but thats not really what I am looking for.  I have a crude example below of what I think might be a start. I need the options to be in the same order every time. And in the program where the info is collected there is no way to reliable ensure that will happen. Is it possible to have them concatenate according to option number. Also I know that I will never have over 5 options so a static solution would work

    Select Ordered_Items.ID,
        Ordered_Items.Item_Name,
    FROM Ordered_Items
        JOIN (SELECT Ordered_Options.Value FROM Ordered_Options Where Option_Number = 43) as Option_1 
            ON Ordered_Options.Ordered_Item_ID = Ordered_Item.ID
        JOIN (SELECT Ordered_Options.Value FROM Ordered_Options Where Option_Number = 44) as Option_2 
            ON Ordered_Options.Ordered_Item_ID = Ordered_Item.ID;

Thanks!
Joe



Combine Multiple child rows into one row MYSQL

Do you see any problem with using a byte array as Map key? I could also do `new String(byte[])` and hash by `String` but it is more straightforward to use `byte[]`.


Using a byte array as Map key

I am using Nginx in front of 10 mongrels.

When I make a request with size larger then 2900 I get back an:

&gt; error code 414: uri too large

Does anyone know the setting in the nginx configuration file which determines the allowed uri length ?

How to set the allowed url length for a nginx request (error code: 414, uri too large)

I am using Nginx in front of 10 mongrels.
When I make a request with size larger then 2900 I get back an:
> error code 414: uri too large
Does anyone know the setting in the nginx configuration file which determines the allowed uri length ?

I&#39;m using Django with [FastCGI][1] + nginx. Where are the logs (errors) stored in this case?

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI



Where can I find the error logs of nginx, using FastCGI and Django?

nginx keeps saying `client intended to send too large body`. Googling and RTM pointed me to `client_max_body_size`. I set it to `200m` in the `nginx.conf` as well as in the `vhost conf`, restarted Nginx a couple of times but I&#39;m still getting the error message.

Did I overlook something? The backend is `php-fpm` (`max_post_size` and `max_upload_file_size` are set accordingly).


nginx - client_max_body_size has no effect

How can I check that nginx is serving the .gz version of static files, if they exist?

I compiled nginx with the gzip static module, but I don&#39;t see any mention of the .gz version being served in my logs. (I have minified global.js and global.css files with .gz versions of them in the same directory).

The relevant part of nginx.conf looks like this:

    gzip  on;
    gzip_static on;
    gzip_http_version 1.0;
    gzip_disable &quot;MSIE [1-6]\.&quot;;
    gzip_vary on;

    gzip_comp_level 2;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;


Any pointers would be appreciated.


How can I check that the nginx gzip_static module is working?

I want to write some more complex conditions in my Nginx configuration files but I&#39;m not sure of the syntax and can&#39;t find docs describing what you can do beyond the basics in the examples and I can&#39;t seem to find this on the Nginx forums or on the mailing list.

For example, is it possible for me to have an `unless` condition?

What language are nginx conf files?

Now that I have nginx setup I need to be able to hide my `.git` directories. What kind of rewrite would I need to stop prying eyes? And where in the `server {}` or `http {}` block would it go?

How do you hide .git project directories?

How do I test if [memcache][1] or [memcached][2] (for PHP) is installed on my Apache webserver?

&gt; **Memcache** is a caching daemon designed especially for
dynamic web applications to decrease database load by
storing objects in memory.


  [1]: http://pecl.php.net/package/memcache
  [2]: http://pecl.php.net/package/memcached

How to check if memcache or memcached is installed for PHP?

I&#39;ve developed some web-based applications till now using PHP, Python and Java. But some fundamental but very important questions are still beyond my knowledge, so I made this post to  get help and clarification from you guys.

Say I use some programming language as my backend language(PHP/Python/.Net/Java, etc), and I deploy my application with a web server(apache/lighttpd/nginx/IIS, etc). And suppose at time T, one of my page got 100 simultaneous requests from different users. So my questions are:

 1. How does my web server handle such 100 simultaneous requests? Will web server generate one process/thread for each request? (if yes, process or thread?)
 2. How does the interpreter of the backend language do? How will it handle the request and generate the proper html? Will the interpreter generate a process/thread for each request?(if yes, process or thread?) 
 3. If the interpreter will generate a process/thread for each request, how about these processes(threads)? Will they share some code space? Will they communicate with each other? How to handle the global variables in the backend codes? Or they are independent processes(threads)? How long is the duration of the process/thread? Will they be destroyed when the request is handled and the response is returned?
 4. Suppose the web server can only support 100 simultaneous requests, but now it got 1000 simultaneous requests. How does it handle such situation? Will it handle them like a queue and handle the request when the server is available? Or other approaches?
 5. I read some articles about Comet these days. And I found long connection may be a good way to handle the real-time multi-users usecase. So how about long connection? Is it a feature of some specific web servers or it is available for every web server? Long connection will require a long-existing interpreter process?

---

EDIT: 
Recently I read some articles about CGI and fastcgi, which makes me know the approach of fastcgi should be a typical approach to hanlde request.

&gt; the protocol multiplexes a single transport connection between several independent FastCGI requests. This supports applications that are able to process concurrent requests using event-driven or multi-threaded programming techniques.

Quoted from [fastcgi spec][1], which mentioned *connection* which can handle several requests, and can be implemented in mutli-threaded tech. I&#39;m wondering this *connection* can  be treated as *process* and it can generate several *threads* for each request. If this is true, I become **more** confused about how to handle the shared resource in each thread?

P.S thank Thomas for the advice of splitting the post to several posts, but I think the questions are related and it&#39;s better to group them together.

Thank S.Lott for your great answer, but some answers to each question are too brief or not covered at all. 

Thank everyone&#39;s answer, which makes me closer to the truth.

  [1]: http://www.fastcgi.com/devkit/doc/fcgi-spec.html &quot;fastcgi spec&quot;

Some fundamental but important questions about web development?

Is Tomcat a web server or an application server?

Tomcat is web server or application server?

How can I set up virtualhost for multiple domain name on Windows?

I will use it for my own test projects. I have three projects that I need to set up and at the moment I&#39;m using xampplite for the portable Apache.

1. www.foo-bar.com --&gt; direct to c:\xampplite\htdocs\foo-bar\
2. www.abcdef.com --&gt; directo to c:\xampplite\htdocs\abcdef\
3. www.qwerty.com --&gt; direct to c:\xampplite\htdocs\qwerty\web\

I also need to access on another project, but it just like typing
http://localhost/my-project/

How can I write the vhost configuration for that?





Set up Apache virtualhost on Windows

When writing web apps in Python, it&#39;s brain dead easy to run a development server. Django and Google App Engine (GAE) both ship with simple servers. 

The main feature I&#39;m looking for is no configuration. I want something like the GAE dev server where you just pass the directory of the app as a parameter when the server is started.

Is there a reason that this is more difficult with PHP?


Is there a simple PHP development server?

So I recently stumbled upon this great library for handling HTTP requests in Python; found here http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/index.html.

I love working with it, but I can&#39;t figure out how to add headers to my get requests. Help?

Using headers with the Python requests library&#39;s get method

I&#39;m trying to use the [Requests](http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#cookies) library to send cookies with a post request, but I&#39;m not sure how to actually set up the cookies based on its documentation. The script is for use on Wikipedia, and the cookie(s) that need to be sent are of this form:

    enwiki_session=17ab96bd8ffbe8ca58a78657a918558e; path=/; domain=.wikipedia.com; HttpOnly

However, the `requests` documentation quickstart gives this as the only example:

    cookies = dict(cookies_are=&#39;working&#39;)

How can I encode a cookie like the above using this library? Do I need to make it with python&#39;s standard cookie library, then send it along with the POST request?

How to send cookies in a post request with the Python Requests library?

Just a short, simple one about the excellent [Requests](http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/index.html) module for Python.

I can&#39;t seem to find in the documentation what the variable &#39;proxies&#39; should contain. When I send it a dict with a standard &quot;IP:PORT&quot; value it rejected it asking for 2 values.
So, I guess (because this doesn&#39;t seem to be covered in the docs) that the first value is the ip and the second the port? 

The docs mention this only:
&gt; proxies – (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.

So I tried this... what should I be doing? 

    proxy = { ip: port}

and should I convert these to some type before putting them in the dict? 

    r = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies=proxy)

Proxies with Python &#39;Requests&#39; module

I&#39;m using the Python requests library. I&#39;m trying to figure out how to extract the actual HTML body from a response. The code looks a bit like this:

    r = requests.get(...)
    print r.content

This should indeed print lots of content, but instead prints nothing.

Any suggestions? Maybe I&#39;ve misunderstood how requests.get() works?

How to extract HTTP response body from a Python requests call?

How to handle exceptions with python library requests?
For example how to check is PC connected to internet?

When I try 

    try:
        requests.get(&#39;http://www.google.com&#39;)
    except ConnectionError:
        # handle the exception

it gives me error name `ConnectionError` is not defined

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Prakash Raman	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Nginx	Stobor	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Nginx	Luke Snowden	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Nginx	ciostek223	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to set the allowed url length for a nginx request (error code: 414, uri too large)

Nginx Problem Overview

Nginx Solutions

Solution 1 - Nginx

Solution 2 - Nginx

Solution 3 - Nginx

Using a byte array as Map key

Combine Multiple child rows into one row MYSQL

Attributions