How to send post request with x-www-form-urlencoded body
JavaJava Problem Overview
How in java, can I send a request with x-www-form-urlencoded header
. I don't understand how to send a body with a key-value, like in the above screenshot.
I have tried this code:
String urlParameters =
cafedra_name+ data_to_send;
URL url;
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
//Create connection
url = new URL(targetURL);
connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", "" +
Integer.toString(urlParameters.getBytes().length));
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Language", "en-US");
connection.setUseCaches (false);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setDoOutput(true);
//Send request
DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream (
connection.getOutputStream ());
wr.writeBytes (urlParameters);
wr.flush ();
wr.close ();
But in the response, I don't receive the correct data.
Java Solutions
Solution 1 - Java
As you set application/x-www-form-urlencoded
as content type so data sent must be like this format.
String urlParameters = "param1=data1¶m2=data2¶m3=data3";
Sending part now is quite straightforward.
byte[] postData = urlParameters.getBytes( StandardCharsets.UTF_8 );
int postDataLength = postData.length;
String request = "<Url here>";
URL url = new URL( request );
HttpURLConnection conn= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
conn.setRequestProperty("charset", "utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", Integer.toString(postDataLength ));
conn.setUseCaches(false);
try(DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream())) {
wr.write( postData );
}
Or you can create a generic method to build key value pattern which is required for application/x-www-form-urlencoded
.
private String getDataString(HashMap<String, String> params) throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
boolean first = true;
for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){
if (first)
first = false;
else
result.append("&");
result.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
result.append("=");
result.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
}
return result.toString();
}
Solution 2 - Java
For HttpEntity
, the below answer works
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
MultiValueMap<String, String> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, String>();
map.add("email", "[email protected]");
HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>>(map, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity( url, request , String.class );
For reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38372422/how-to-post-form-data-with-spring-resttemplate
Solution 3 - Java
string urlParameters = "param1=value1¶m2=value2";
string _endPointName = "your url post api";
var httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(_endPointName);
httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
httpWebRequest.Headers["ContentType"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback +=
(se, cert, chain, sslerror) =>
{
return true;
};
using (var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream()))
{
streamWriter.Write(urlParameters);
streamWriter.Flush();
streamWriter.Close();
}
var httpResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpResponse.GetResponseStream()))
{
var result = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
}
Solution 4 - Java
Building off of Navoneel's answer, I like to use StreamEx's EntryStream.
Here is Naveoneel's method re-written.
private String getDataString(HashMap<String, String> params)
{
return EntryStream.
of(data).
mapKeys(key -> URLEncoder.encode(key, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)). // Encode the keys
mapValues(value -> URLEncoder.encode(value, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)). // Encode the values
join("="). // Create a key=value
joining("&"); // Assemble into key1=value1&key2=value2...
}
Solution 5 - Java
Use Java 11 HttpClient
> The HTTP Client was added in Java 11. It can be used to request HTTP resources over the network. It supports HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2, both synchronous and asynchronous programming models, handles request and response bodies as reactive-streams, and follows the familiar builder pattern.
https://openjdk.java.net/groups/net/httpclient/intro.html
HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();;
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(new URI(targetUrl))
.POST(urlParameters)
.headers("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
.build();
HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());