You use something like

    from flask import send_file

    @app.route(&#39;/get_image&#39;)
    def get_image():
        if request.args.get(&#39;type&#39;) == &#39;1&#39;:
           filename = &#39;ok.gif&#39;
        else:
           filename = &#39;error.gif&#39;
        return send_file(filename, mimetype=&#39;image/gif&#39;)

to send back `ok.gif` or `error.gif`, depending on the type query parameter. See the documentation for the [`send_file` function][1] and the [`request` object][2] for more information.

[1]: http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/api/#flask.send_file
[2]: http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/api/#incoming-request-data


I want to create a table with the column type `Long` instead of `Integer`. Is it possible? 

Is there type Long in SQLite?

I have a JavaScript object that looks something like this:

    var myTextOptions = {
      &#39;cartoon&#39;: {
         comic: &#39;Calvin &amp; Hobbes&#39;,
         published: &#39;1993&#39;
      },
      &#39;character names&#39;: {
		kid: &#39;Calvin&#39;,
		tiger: &#39;Hobbes&#39;
	  }
    }

I can access the properties of `cartoon` easily using `myTextOptions.cartoon.comic` or whatever. However, I haven&#39;t been able to get the syntax right for accessing `kid`. I&#39;ve tried the following with no luck:

    myTextOptions.character names.kid
    myTextOptions.&quot;character names&quot;.kid
    myTextOptions.character\ names.kid
    myTextOptions.&#39;character names&#39;.kid
    myTextOptions.[&quot;character names&quot;].kid
    myTextOptions.character%20names.kid

How can I access a JavaScript object which has spaces in the object&#39;s key?

As an example, this URL:

    http://example.com/get_image?type=1

should return a response with a `image/gif` MIME type. I have two static `.gif` images,  
and if type is 1, it should return `ok.gif`, else return `error.gif`. How to do that in flask?

How to return images in flask response?

As an example, this URL:
<pre><code class="hljs language-bash">http://example.com/get_image?type=1
</code></pre>
should return a response with a <code>image/gif</code> MIME type. I have two static <code>.gif</code> images, 
and if type is 1, it should return <code>ok.gif</code>, else return <code>error.gif</code>. How to do that in flask?

Assume I have this:

    [
      {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Tom&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 10},
      {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Mark&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 5},
      {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Pam&quot;, &quot;age&quot;: 7}
    ]


and by searching &quot;Pam&quot; as name, I want to retrieve the related dictionary: ```{name: &quot;Pam&quot;, age: 7}```

How to achieve this ?

Python list of dictionaries search

I am using hand crafted SQL to fetch data from a PG database, using SqlAlchemy. I am trying a query which contains the SQL like operator &#39;%&#39; and that seems to throw SqlAlcjhemy through a loop:

    sql = &quot;&quot;&quot;
           SELECT DISTINCT u.name from user u
            INNER JOIN city c ON u.city_id = c.id
            WHERE c.designation=upper(&#39;fantasy&#39;) 
            AND c.id IN (select id from ref_geog where short_name LIKE &#39;%opt&#39;)
          &quot;&quot;&quot;
    
    # The last line in the above statement throws the error mentioned in the title. 
    # However if the last line is change to:
    # AND c.id IN (select id from ref_geog where short_name = &#39;helloopt&#39;)
    # the script runs correctly.
    #
    # I also tried double escaping the &#39;%&#39; i.e. using &#39;%%&#39; instead - that generated the same error as previously.
    
    connectDb()
    res = executeSql(sql)
    print res
    closeDbConnection()


Any one knows what is causing this misleading error message and how I may fix it?

**[[Edit]]**

Before any one asks, there is nothing special or fancy about the functions included above. For example the function executeSql() simply invokes conn.execute(sql) and returns the results. The variable conn is simply the previously established connection to the database.

Strange SQLAlchemy error message: TypeError: &#39;dict&#39; object does not support indexing

Module `A` includes `import B` at its top. However under test conditions I&#39;d like to [mock][1] `B` in `A` (mock `A.B`) and completely refrain from importing `B`. 

In fact, `B` isn&#39;t installed in the test environment on purpose.

`A` is the unit under test. I have to import `A` with all its functionality. `B` is the module I need to mock. But how can I mock `B` within `A` and stop `A` from importing the real `B`, if the first thing `A` does is import `B`?

(The reason B isn&#39;t installed is that I use pypy for quick testing and unfortunately B isn&#39;t compatible with pypy yet.)

How could this be done?


  [1]: http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/

How to mock an import

I wonder if it&#39;s possible to install python packages without leaving the IPython shell.


How to install a Python package from within IPython?

I have a directory full of scripts (let&#39;s say `project/bin`). I also have a library located in `project/lib` and want the scripts to automatically load it. This is what I normally use at the top of each script:

    #!/usr/bin/python
    from os.path import dirname, realpath, sep, pardir
    import sys
    sys.path.append(dirname(realpath(__file__)) + sep + pardir + sep + &quot;lib&quot;)
    
    # ... now the real code
    import mylib

This is kind of cumbersome, ugly, and has to be pasted at the beginning of every file. Is there a better way to do this?

Really what I&#39;m hoping for is something as smooth as this:

    #!/usr/bin/python
    import sys.path
    from os.path import pardir, sep
    sys.path.append_relative(pardir + sep + &quot;lib&quot;)

    import mylib

Or even better, something that wouldn&#39;t break when my editor (or someone else who has commit access) decides to reorder the imports as part of its clean-up process:

    #!/usr/bin/python --relpath_append ../lib
    import mylib

That wouldn&#39;t port directly to non-posix platforms, but it would keep things clean.

Python: Best way to add to sys.path relative to the current running script

In a template, how do I get what page I&#39;m currently on? I&#39;d rather not pass a variable like `page` , especially when I know some `request.xxx` can provide me with the information.

    &lt;li {% if page==&quot;home&quot; %}class=&quot;active&quot;{% endif %}&gt;                   
        &lt;a href=&quot;/&quot;&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;                                                
    &lt;/li&gt;                                                                 
    &lt;li {% if page==&quot;about&quot; %}class=&quot;active&quot;{% endif %}&gt;                  
        &lt;a href=&quot;/about&quot;&gt;About&lt;/a&gt;                                          
    &lt;/li&gt; 



Flask: current page in request variable

I&#39;ve been working on a new dev platform using nginx/gunicorn and Flask for my application.

Ops-wise, everything works fine - the issue I&#39;m having is with debugging the Flask layer. When there&#39;s an error in my code, I just get a straight 500 error returned to the browser and nothing shows up on the console or in my logs.

I&#39;ve tried many different configs/options.. I guess I **must** be missing something obvious.

My gunicorn.conf:

    import os
    
    bind = &#39;127.0.0.1:8002&#39;
    workers = 3
    backlog = 2048
    worker_class = &quot;sync&quot;
    debug = True
    proc_name = &#39;gunicorn.proc&#39;
    pidfile = &#39;/tmp/gunicorn.pid&#39;
    logfile = &#39;/var/log/gunicorn/debug.log&#39;
    loglevel = &#39;debug&#39;

An example of some Flask code that borks- testserver.py:

    from flask import Flask
    from flask import render_template_string
    from werkzeug.contrib.fixers import ProxyFix
    
    app = Flask(__name__)
    
    @app.route(&#39;/&#39;)
    def index():
        n = 1/0
        return &quot;DIV/0 worked!&quot;

And finally, the command to run the flask app in gunicorn:

    gunicorn -c gunicorn.conf.py testserver:app

Thanks y&#39;all

Debugging a Flask app running in Gunicorn

I&#39;m building my first Flask app and I can&#39;t figure out a good, clean Pythonic way of organizing my application.
I don&#39;t want to have everything in a single .py file as in their example.
I would like to have each part of my app in a separate module.
What would be a good way to organize things?

How to organize a relatively large Flask application?

Anyone has experiences with MongoKit, MongoEngine or Flask-MongoAlchemy for Flask?

Which one do you prefer? Positive or negative experiences?. Too many options for a Flask-Newbie. 

MongoKit vs MongoEngine vs Flask-MongoAlchemy for Flask

When building a Flask service in Python and setting the debug mode on, the Flask service will initialise twice. When the initialisation loads caches and the like, this can take a while. Having to do this twice is annoying when in development (debug) mode. When debug is off, the Flask service only initialises once.

How to stop Flask from initialising twice in Debug Mode?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	wong2	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Martin Geisler	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to return images in flask response?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

How can I access a JavaScript object which has spaces in the object's key?

Is there type Long in SQLite?

Attributions