`cd ..` will back the directory up by one. If you want to reach a folder in the parent directory, you can do something like `cd ../foldername`. You can use the &quot;..&quot; trick as many times as you want to back up through multiple parent directories. For example, `cd ../../Applications` would take you to `Macintosh HD/Applications`

For Mac Terminal 

    cd ..   # one up
    cd ../  # two up
    cd      # home directory 
    cd /    # root directory
    cd &quot;yaya-13&quot; # use quotes if the file name contains punctuation or spaces



Typing `cd` will take you back to your home directory. 
Whereas typing `cd ..` will move you up only one directory (the direct parent of the current directory).


To move up a directory, the quickest way would be to add an alias to ~/.bash_profile

    alias ..=&#39;cd ..&#39;

and then one would need only to type &#39;..[return]&#39;.

Let&#39;s make it even more simple. Type the below after the $ sign to go up one directory:

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    ../


I believe there are two versions 1 and 2? And version 2 is referred to as Entity Framework 4.0?

How can I tell what version is being used in an application? 

This is in my web.config does this mean I am using version 2?

    &lt;add assembly=&quot;System.Data.Entity, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089&quot; /&gt;



Determine version of Entity Framework I am using?

Say I get a patch created with `git format-patch`. The file is basically a unified diff with some metadata. If I open the file in Vim, I can see which lines have been modified, but I cannot see which *characters* in the changed lines differ. Does anyone know a way (in Vim, or some other free software that runs on Ubuntu) to visualize per-character differences?

A counter example where per-character diff is visualized is when executing `vimdiff a b`.

**update Fri Nov 12 22:36:23 UTC 2010**

[diffpatch is helpful][1] for the scenario where you&#39;re working with a single file.

**update Thu Jun 16 17:56:10 UTC 2016**

Check out [diff-highlight in git 2.9][2]. This script does _exactly_ what I was originally seeking.

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/242646/use-vimdiff-with-a-diff-file/244766#244766
  [2]: https://github.com/blog/2188-git-2-9-has-been-released

How can I visualize per-character differences in a unified diff file?

When I launch a new Terminal window, it starts me in &#39;Macintosh HD/Users/MyName&#39;. How can I back out of my user directory, back up to the top level?


How to move up a directory with Terminal in OS X

<p>When I launch a new Terminal window, it starts me in 'Macintosh HD/Users/MyName'. How can I back out of my user directory, back up to the top level?</p>


Is there a tool for reading Mac OS X binaries that would print information about relocation tables and symbol offsets similar to this `readelf` output?

    readelf -r app
    
    Relocation section &#39;.rel.dyn&#39; at offset 0x5ec contains 2 entries:
     Offset     Info    Type            Sym.Value  Sym. Name
    08049d58  00001706 R_386_GLOB_DAT    00000000   __gmon_start__
    08049d60  00000305 R_386_COPY        08049d60   _ZSt4cout
    
    Relocation section &#39;.rel.plt&#39; at offset 0x5fc contains 13 entries:
     Offset     Info    Type            Sym.Value  Sym. Name
    08049d24  00000107 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   0804868c   print
    08049d28  00000207 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   0804869c   _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1E
    08049d2c  00000507 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   080486ac   _ZStlsISt11char_traits
    08049d30  00000607 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   080486bc   _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E
    08049d34  00000707 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   08048664   _init
    08049d38  00000807 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   080486dc   sleep
    08049d3c  00000907 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   080486ec   _ZNKSsixEj
    08049d40  00000b07 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   080486fc   _ZNKSs4sizeEv
    08049d44  00000c07 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   0804870c   __libc_start_main
    08049d48  00000d07 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   08048ae4   _fini
    08049d4c  00001307 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   0804872c   _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_tr
    08049d50  00001507 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   0804873c   __gxx_personality_v0
    08049d54  00001607 R_386_JUMP_SLOT   0804874c   _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1E

In this example, `print` is a function loaded from a shared library (I wrote) at runtime.  `readelf` is able to display information about its location inside the `app` binary.

readelf-like tool for Mac OS X?

I&#39;ve installed and is running a node.js server on osx. I&#39;ve dled a chat module and is happily running it. I&#39;ve altered some pieces and need to restart the server to see the effects.

I only know how to restart by closing the terminal window and then reopneing it and then running node chatdemo.js again.

Any way to restart without closing terminal?

Thanks.

How to restart a node.js server

I thought

    import sys
    sys.path.append(&quot;/home/me/mydir&quot;)

is appending a dir to my pythonpath

if I print sys.path my dir is in there.

Then I open a new command and it is not there anymore.

But somehow Python cant import modules I saved in that dir.

What Am I doing wrong?

I read .profile or .bash_profile will do the trick. 

Do I have to add: 

    PATH=&quot;/Me//Documents/mydir:$PYTHONPATH&quot;
    export PATH

To make it work?




Add to python path mac os x

EDIT: This is a nice ready-made menubar application [here][1] ([github source][2]) by this [answer][3].


----------

I was wondering how to make a menubar application, what are the requirements for that to do so?

I saw a simple application for the menubar was to open links using your browser, I want to create something similar to that.

![enter image description here][4]

This is the application I like to make similar.


  [1]: http://blog.shpakovski.com/2011/07/cocoa-popup-window-in-status-bar.html
  [2]: https://github.com/shpakovski/Popup
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/6834833/264795
  [4]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/nAm3p.jpg

How to create a Menubar application for Mac

I read that Mac OS X and bsd are related. How closely are they related. Can Mac OS X software be tweaked and installed on BSD?

How closely are Mac OS X and BSD related?

I want to make gnome-terminal behave in such a way that when the
end user selects a region on the terminal (with a mouse or mouse
key), it gets automatically copied into the clipboard. Is it
possible at all?  If so, how?



Gnome-terminal - How to Copy selection to clipboard automatically?

I program with eclipse and sometimes use GUI text editors like SciTE or vim. However, I&#39;m at a point in a project that requires me to edit files over a ssh connection in a 80 column SSH window.

Since I have to (* shiver*) `sudo vim` before I can open the file I&#39;m not sure how to open the file in an editor *outside the terminal* (that would allow me to see the text wider than 80 columns). If the command line was larger then I guess using straight vim wouldn&#39;t be a problem.

I&#39;m at a loss of how to deal with this situation and how I could turn this nightmare into a manageable coding environment.

How do you edit files over SSH?

I tried `grep -v &#39;^$&#39;` in Linux and that didn&#39;t work. This file came from a Windows file system.

Remove blank lines with grep

I often need to kill a process during programming.

The way I do it now is:

    [~]$ ps aux | grep &#39;python csp_build.py&#39;
    user    5124  1.0  0.3 214588 13852 pts/4    Sl+  11:19   0:00 python csp_build.py
    user    5373  0.0  0.0   8096   960 pts/6    S+   11:20   0:00 grep python csp_build.py
    [~]$ kill 5124

How can I extract the process id automatically and kill it in the same line?

Like this:

    [~]$ ps aux | grep &#39;python csp_build.py&#39; | kill &lt;regex that returns the pid&gt;

Find and kill a process in one line using bash and regex

Various bash commands I use -- fancy diffs, build scripts, etc, produce lots of color output.

When I redirect this output to a file, and then `cat` or `less` the file later, the colorization is gone -- presumably b/c the act of redirecting the output stripped out the color codes that tell the terminal to change colors.

Is there a way to capture colorized output, including the colorization?



Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	JLeonard	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Macos	davidcelis	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Macos	D88naimi	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Macos	JSON C11	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Macos	empedocle	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Macos	Saral Kochar	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to move up a directory with Terminal in OS X

Macos Problem Overview

Macos Solutions

Solution 1 - Macos

Solution 2 - Macos

Solution 3 - Macos

Solution 4 - Macos

Solution 5 - Macos

How can I visualize per-character differences in a unified diff file?

Determine version of Entity Framework I am using?

Attributions