You can do the same with Django 1.7+ also:

    python manage.py migrate &lt;app&gt; zero

This clears `&lt;app&gt;` from migration history and drops all tables of `&lt;app&gt;`

See [django docs](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-migrate) for more info.

you can also use the version number:

    python manage.py migrate &lt;app&gt; 0002

Source: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/django-admin/#django-admin-migrate

I am pulling a JSON file from a site and one of the strings received is:

&lt;!-- language: none --&gt;

    The Weeknd &amp;#8216;King Of The Fall&amp;#8217; [Video Premiere] | @TheWeeknd | #SoPhi

How can I convert things like `&amp;#8216` into the correct characters?

I&#39;ve made a Xcode Playground to demonstrate it:

    import UIKit

    var error: NSError?
    let blogUrl: NSURL = NSURL.URLWithString(&quot;http://sophisticatedignorance.net/api/get_recent_summary/&quot;)
    let jsonData = NSData(contentsOfURL: blogUrl)

    let dataDictionary = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(jsonData, options: nil, error: &amp;error) as NSDictionary

    var a = dataDictionary[&quot;posts&quot;] as NSArray

    println(a[0][&quot;title&quot;])




How do I decode HTML entities in Swift?

In Go, what is the difference between `var s []int` and `s := make([]int, 0)`? 

I find that both works, but which one is better?

Declare slice or make slice?

I created a new app with some models and now I noticed that some of the models are poorly thought out. As I haven&#39;t committed the code the sensible thing would be to migrate the database to last good state and redo the migration with better models. In this case the last good state is database where the new app doesn&#39;t exist.

How can I migrate back from initial migration in Django 1.7?

In `South` one could do:

    python manage.py migrate &lt;app&gt; zero

Which would clear `&lt;app&gt;` from migration history and drop all tables of `&lt;app&gt;`. 

How to do this with Django 1.7 migrations?

How to migrate back from initial migration in Django 1.7?

I created a new app with some models and now I noticed that some of the models are poorly thought out. As I haven't committed the code the sensible thing would be to migrate the database to last good state and redo the migration with better models. In this case the last good state is database where the new app doesn't exist.
How can I migrate back from initial migration in Django 1.7?
In <code>South</code> one could do:
<pre><code class="hljs language-php-template">python manage.py migrate &#x3C;app> zero
</code></pre>
Which would clear <code>&#x3C;app></code> from migration history and drop all tables of <code>&#x3C;app></code>.
How to do this with Django 1.7 migrations?

Is there a clean way to patch an object so that you get the `assert_call*` helpers in your test case, without actually removing the action?  

For example, how can I modify the `@patch` line to get the following test passing:


    from unittest import TestCase
    from mock import patch
    
    
    class Potato(object):
        def foo(self, n):
            return self.bar(n)
    
        def bar(self, n):
            return n + 2
    
    
    class PotatoTest(TestCase):
    
        @patch.object(Potato, &#39;foo&#39;)
        def test_something(self, mock):
            spud = Potato()
            forty_two = spud.foo(n=40)
            mock.assert_called_once_with(n=40)
            self.assertEqual(forty_two, 42)


I could probably hack this together using `side_effect`, but I was hoping there would be a nicer way which works the same way on all of functions, classmethods, staticmethods, unbound methods, etc.  

python mock - patching a method without obstructing implementation

Recently, I made a code that connect to work station with different usernames (thanks to a private key) based on paramiko.

I never had any issues with it, but today, I have that : `SSHException: Error reading SSH protocol banner`

This is strange because it happens randomly on any connections. Is there any way to fix it ?

Paramiko : Error reading SSH protocol banner

I want to bring some data into a pandas DataFrame and I want to assign dtypes for each column on import.  I want to be able to do this for larger datasets with many different columns, but, as an example:

    myarray = np.random.randint(0,5,size=(2,2))
    mydf = pd.DataFrame(myarray,columns=[&#39;a&#39;,&#39;b&#39;], dtype=[float,int])
    mydf.dtypes

results in:

&gt; TypeError: data type not understood

I tried a few other methods such as:

    mydf = pd.DataFrame(myarray,columns=[&#39;a&#39;,&#39;b&#39;], dtype={&#39;a&#39;: int})

&gt; TypeError: object of type &#39;type&#39; has no len()

If I put `dtype=(float,int)` it applies a float format to both columns.

In the end I would like to just be able to pass it a list of datatypes the same way I can pass it a list of column names.

How to set dtypes by column in pandas DataFrame

I have done as much research as possible but I haven&#39;t found the best way to make certain cmdline arguments necessary only under certain conditions, in this case only if other arguments have been given. Here&#39;s what I want to do at a very basic level:

    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=&#39;...&#39;)
    p.add_argument(&#39;--argument&#39;, required=False)
    p.add_argument(&#39;-a&#39;, required=False) # only required if --argument is given
    p.add_argument(&#39;-b&#39;, required=False) # only required if --argument is given

From what I have seen, other people seem to just add their own check at the end:

    if args.argument and (args.a is None or args.b is None):
        # raise argparse error here

Is there a way to do this natively within the argparse package?

Python Argparse conditionally required arguments

I&#39;m relatively new to using the PyCharm IDE, and have been unable to find a way to better shape the output when in a built-in console session. I&#39;m typically working with pretty wide dataframes, that would fit easily across my monitor, but the display is cutting and wrapping them much sooner than needed.

Does anyone know of a setting to change this behavior to take advantage of the full width of my screen?

Edit: I don&#39;t have enough reputation to post a screenshot, but link is below:
http://imgur.com/iiBK3iU

I would like to prevent it from wrapping after only a few columns (for example, the column &#39;ReadmitRate&#39; should be immediately to the right of &#39;SNFDaysPerSNFCase&#39;)

Getting wider output in PyCharm&#39;s built-in console

So about a year ago I started a project and like all new developers I didn&#39;t really focus too much on the structure, however now I am further along with Django it has started to appear that my project layout mainly my models are horrible in structure.

I have models mainly held in a single app and really most of these models should be in their own individual apps, I did try and resolve this and move them with south however I found it tricky and really difficult due to foreign keys ect.

However due to Django 1.7 and built in support for migrations is there a better way to do this now?

How to move a model between two Django apps (Django 1.7)

I am trying to feed my Django page with some resource I am getting from somewhere else. 

Inside the feed, I have YouTube videos with URL like: ``https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6XUVjK9W4o``

Once I added this into my page, the video does not show up, saying: 

&gt; Refused to display &#39;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6XUVjK9W4o&#39; in a
&gt; frame because it set &#39;X-Frame-Options&#39; to &#39;SAMEORIGIN&#39;.

Then I said, well, what if I change ``watch`` to ``embed``. Then YouTube player shows up, but no video, saying: 

![Enter code here][1]

How can I get this to work? 

I am showing it in HTML like this: 

    &lt;iframe width=&quot;420&quot; height=&quot;315&quot;
        src=&quot;{{vid.yt_url}}&quot;&gt;
    &lt;/iframe&gt;

I googled almost for an hour, but no sign of success. I tried to append ``&amp;output=embed`` - nada...

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/Ar3NQ.png


Embed YouTube video - Refused to display in a frame because it set &#39;X-Frame-Options&#39; to &#39;SAMEORIGIN&#39;

I&#39;m building a fairly simple application, research, in my Django project that uses Django-CMS.  (It&#39;s my first ground-up attempt at a project/application.)  Its main purpose is to store various intellectual assets (i.e article, book, etc. written by a researcher).  

The problem is that when I point the browser to `/research/` I get an error saying that the `table &#39;research_journal&#39; doesn&#39;t exist (&quot;no such table&quot;)`.

I&#39;m using Djnago 1.6.5 with a sqlite3 database.

Looking at `python manage.py sql research` yields:

    BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE &quot;research_researchbase&quot; (
        &quot;id&quot; integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
        &quot;pub_date&quot; datetime NOT NULL,
        &quot;authors&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL,
        &quot;year&quot; varchar(25) NOT NULL,
        &quot;title&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL,
        &quot;subtitle&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL,
        &quot;image_id&quot; integer NOT NULL REFERENCES &quot;filer_image&quot; (&quot;file_ptr_id&quot;),
        &quot;link&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL
    )
    ;
    CREATE TABLE &quot;research_journal&quot; (
        &quot;researchbase_ptr_id&quot; integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES &quot;research_researchbase&quot; (&quot;id&quot;),
        &quot;journal&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL,
        &quot;abstract&quot; text NOT NULL,
        &quot;citation&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL
    )
    ;
    CREATE TABLE &quot;research_encyclopedia_chapter&quot; (
        &quot;researchbase_ptr_id&quot; integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES &quot;research_researchbase&quot; (&quot;id&quot;),
        &quot;encyclopedia&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL,
        &quot;publisher&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL,
        &quot;summary&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL
    )
    ;
    CREATE TABLE &quot;research_book&quot; (
        &quot;researchbase_ptr_id&quot; integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES &quot;research_researchbase&quot; (&quot;id&quot;),
        &quot;publisher&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL,
        &quot;summary&quot; varchar(200) NOT NULL
    )
    ;
    
    COMMIT;

I&#39;ve run `python manage.py migrate research` and get:

    /Users/XXX/Documents/repos/sfs/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/app_data/fields.py:2: DeprecationWarning: django.utils.simplejson is deprecated; use json instead.
      from django.utils import simplejson as json
    
    Running migrations for research:
    - Nothing to migrate.
     - Loading initial data for research.
    Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

I&#39;ve run `python manage.py syncdb` and get the following:

    Syncing...
    Creating tables ...
    Installing custom SQL ...
    Installing indexes ...
    Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
    
    Synced:
     &gt; djangocms_admin_style
     &gt; django.contrib.auth
     &gt; django.contrib.contenttypes
     &gt; django.contrib.sessions
     &gt; django.contrib.admin
     &gt; django.contrib.sites
     &gt; django.contrib.sitemaps
     &gt; django.contrib.staticfiles
     &gt; django.contrib.messages
     &gt; mptt
     &gt; south
     &gt; sekizai
     &gt; django_select2
     &gt; hvad
    
    Not synced (use migrations):
     - djangocms_text_ckeditor
     - cms
     - menus
     - djangocms_style
     - djangocms_column
     - djangocms_file
     - djangocms_flash
     - djangocms_googlemap
     - djangocms_inherit
     - djangocms_link
     - djangocms_picture
     - djangocms_teaser
     - djangocms_video
     - reversion
     - polls
     - djangocms_polls
     - aldryn_blog
     - easy_thumbnails
     - filer
     - taggit
     - research
    (use ./manage.py migrate to migrate these)

Here&#39;s the `models.py`:

    from django.db import models
    from django.utils import timezone
    from filer.fields.image import FilerImageField
    
    import datetime
    
    class ResearchBase(models.Model):
        pub_date = models.DateTimeField(&#39;date published&#39;)
        authors = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        year = models.CharField(max_length=25)
        title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        subtitle = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True)
        image = FilerImageField()
        link = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True)
        
        def __unicode__(self):
            return self.title
        
        def was_published_recently(self):
            return self.pub_date &gt;= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
            
    
    class Journal(ResearchBase):
        journal = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        abstract = models.TextField()
        citation = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        
        
    class Encyclopedia_Chapter(ResearchBase):
        encyclopedia = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        publisher = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        summary = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        
            
    class Book(ResearchBase):
        publisher = models.CharField(max_length=200)
        summary = models.CharField(max_length=200)

Here&#39;s my `views.py` (note that I am passing two objects through render, ignore the fact that I have yet to include the class Books in the whole deal):

    from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
    from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404
    from django.template import RequestContext, loader
    
    from research.models import Journal, Encyclopedia_Chapter, Book
    
    def research_index(request):
        latest_journal_list = Journal.objects.order_by(&#39;-pub_date&#39;)[:5]
        latest_chapter_list = Encyclopedia_Chapter.objects.order_by(&#39;-pub_date&#39;)[:5]
        
        context = {
            &#39;latest_journal_list&#39;: latest_journal_list,
            &#39;latest_chapter_list&#39;: latest_chapter_list
        }
        
        return render(request, &#39;research/index.html&#39;, context)
        
    def journal_detail(request, journal_id):
        journal = get_object_or_404(Journal, pk=journal_id)
        return render(request, &#39;research/journal_detail.html&#39;, {&#39;journal&#39;: journal})
        
    def chapter_detail(request, chapter_id):
        chapter = get_object_or_404(Encyclopedia_Chapter, pk=chapter_id)
        return render(request, &#39;research/chapter_detail.html&#39;, {&#39;chapter&#39;: chapter})

Here&#39;s the application&#39;s `url.py`:

    from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
    
    from research import views
    
    urlpatterns = patterns(&#39;&#39;,
        url(r&#39;^$&#39;, views.research_index, name=&#39;research&#39;),
        url(r&#39;^(?P&lt;journal_id&gt;\d+)/$&#39;, views.journal_detail, name=&#39;journal_detail&#39;),
        url(r&#39;^(?P&lt;chapter_id&gt;\d+)/$&#39;, views.chapter_detail, name=&#39;chapter_detail&#39;),
    )

Here&#39;s the `index.html` template:

    {% extends &#39;research/base.html&#39; %}
    
    {% block research_content %}
    
    &lt;div class=&quot;container&quot;&gt;
    	&lt;div class=&quot;row featurette&quot;&gt;
    		&lt;h3 id=&quot;research&quot;&gt;Peer-reviewed Journal Articles&lt;/h3&gt;
    		{% if latest_journal_list %}
    		    &lt;ul id=&quot;research&quot;&gt;
    		    {% for journal in latest_journal_list %}
    		        &lt;li id=&quot;research&quot;&gt;
    							&lt;img src=&quot;{{ journal.image.url }}&quot; id=&quot;research&quot;&gt;
    							&lt;h4&gt;{{ journal.journal }}&lt;/h4&gt;
    							&lt;h5&gt;{{ journal.title }}&lt;/h5&gt;
    							&lt;a href=&quot;{% url &#39;research:journal_detail&#39; journal.id %}&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;/a&gt;
    						&lt;/li&gt;
    		    {% endfor %}
    		    &lt;/ul&gt;
    		{% else %}
    		    &lt;p&gt;No journals are available.&lt;/p&gt;
    		{% endif %}
    	&lt;/div&gt;
    	
    	&lt;div class=&quot;row featurette&quot;&gt;
    		&lt;h3 id=&quot;research&quot;&gt;Encyclopedia Chapters&lt;/h3&gt;
    		{% if latest_chapter_list %}
    		    &lt;ul id=&quot;research&quot;&gt;
    		    {% for chapter in latest_chapter_list %}
    		        &lt;li id=&quot;research&quot;&gt;
    							&lt;img src=&quot;{{ chapter.image.url }}&quot; id=&quot;research&quot;&gt;
    							&lt;h4&gt;{{ chapter.journal }}&lt;/h4&gt;
    							&lt;h5&gt;{{ chapter.title }}&lt;/h5&gt;
    							&lt;a href=&quot;{% url &#39;research:chapter_detail&#39; chapter.id %}&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;/a&gt;
    						&lt;/li&gt;
    		    {% endfor %}
    		    &lt;/ul&gt;
    		{% else %}
    		    &lt;p&gt;No encyclopedia chapters are available.&lt;/p&gt;
    		{% endif %}
    	&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    {% endblock %}

Just in case it matters, here&#39;s my `cms_app.py`:

    from cms.app_base import CMSApp
    from cms.apphook_pool import apphook_pool
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
    
    
    class ResearchApp(CMSApp):
        name = _(&quot;Research App&quot;)
        urls = [&quot;research.urls&quot;]
        app_name = &quot;research&quot;
    
    apphook_pool.register(ResearchApp)



Django: OperationalError No Such Table

How can I test whether two JSON objects are equal in python, disregarding the order of lists?

For example ...

JSON document **a**:

    {
        &quot;errors&quot;: [
            {&quot;error&quot;: &quot;invalid&quot;, &quot;field&quot;: &quot;email&quot;},
            {&quot;error&quot;: &quot;required&quot;, &quot;field&quot;: &quot;name&quot;}
        ],
        &quot;success&quot;: false
    }

JSON document **b**:

    {
        &quot;success&quot;: false,
        &quot;errors&quot;: [
            {&quot;error&quot;: &quot;required&quot;, &quot;field&quot;: &quot;name&quot;},
            {&quot;error&quot;: &quot;invalid&quot;, &quot;field&quot;: &quot;email&quot;}
        ]
    }

`a` and `b` should compare equal, even though the order of the `&quot;errors&quot;` lists are different.


How to compare two JSON objects with the same elements in a different order equal?

I am trying to apply a migration but am getting the error:

&gt; django.db.utils.OperationalError: (1050, &quot;Table &#39;customers_customer&#39;
&gt; already exists&quot;)

I get this by issuing the following command:

    python manage.py migrate

My customer table already exists, so what do I do to let the migration know this, not error out, and run my modification to my model?


I ran this on my local environment with local database with no problem.  It is when I pointed my database to production and ran `migrate` above that I get this error.

django 1.7 migrate gets error &quot;table already exists&quot;

I am trying to upgrade a project from Django 1.6 to 1.7. I get the following error:

    [Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] mod_wsgi (pid=14523): Exception occurred processing WSGI script &#39;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/domains/mathtasks.org/django.wsgi&#39;.
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] Traceback (most recent call last): 
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py&quot;, line 187, in __call__
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.get_response(request)
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 199, in get_response
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info())
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 239, in handle_uncaught_exception
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] if resolver.urlconf_module is None:
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py&quot;, line 361, in urlconf_module
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py&quot;, line 37, in import_module
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] __import__(name)
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/mathtasks/urls.py&quot;, line 11, in &lt;module&gt;
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] admin.autodiscover()
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/__init__.py&quot;, line 23, in autodiscover
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] autodiscover_modules(&#39;admin&#39;, register_to=site)
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/module_loading.py&quot;, line 67, in autodiscover_modules
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] for app_config in apps.get_app_configs():
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py&quot;, line 137, in get_app_configs
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self.check_apps_ready()
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py&quot;, line 124, in check_apps_ready
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] raise AppRegistryNotReady(&quot;Apps aren&#39;t loaded yet.&quot;)
	[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren&#39;t loaded yet.

django.wsgi:

    import os, sys
	import django
	virtual_env = os.path.expanduser(&#39;~/virtualenv/PythonEnv&#39;)
	activate_this = os.path.join(virtual_env, &#39;bin/activate_this.py&#39;)
	execfile(activate_this, dict(__file__=activate_this))
	sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(&#39;~&#39;), &#39;django/mathtasks&#39;))
	os.environ[&#39;DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE&#39;] = &#39;mathtasks.settings&#39;
	django.setup()
	import django.core.handlers.wsgi
	application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

Any ideas what might be causing the error and how to fix it?

UPDATE1:

I replaced:

    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
to:

    from django.conf import settings
    User = settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
And I get the following error:

    [Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] mod_wsgi (pid=17128): Exception occurred processing WSGI script &#39;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/domains/mathtasks.org/django.wsgi&#39;. 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] Traceback (most recent call last): 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py&quot;, line 187, in __call__ 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.get_response(request) 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 199, in get_response 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info()) 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 239, in handle_uncaught_exception 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] if resolver.urlconf_module is None: 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py&quot;, line 361, in urlconf_module 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name) 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py&quot;, line 37, in import_module 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] __import__(name) 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/mathtasks/urls.py&quot;, line 6, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from utils.views import SniptRegistrationView 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/utils/views.py&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.backends.default.views import RegistrationView 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/backends/default/views.py&quot;, line 7, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.views import ActivationView as BaseActivationView 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/views.py&quot;, line 11, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.forms import RegistrationForm 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/forms.py&quot;, line 159, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] class UserProfileForm(forms.ModelForm): 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/forms/models.py&quot;, line 284, in __new__ 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] opts.help_texts, opts.error_messages) 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/forms/models.py&quot;, line 184, in fields_for_model 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] opts = model._meta 
	[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] AttributeError: &#39;str&#39; object has no attribute &#39;_meta&#39;

UPDATE 2:

I replaced:

    from django.contrib.auth.models import User

to:

    from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
    User = get_user_model()

and:

    models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)

And I get the following error:

    [Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] No handlers could be found for logger &quot;django.request&quot; 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] mod_wsgi (pid=31421): Exception occurred processing WSGI script &#39;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/domains/mathtasks.org/django.wsgi&#39;. 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] Traceback (most recent call last): 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py&quot;, line 187, in __call__ 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.get_response(request) 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 199, in get_response 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info()) 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 239, in handle_uncaught_exception 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] if resolver.urlconf_module is None: 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py&quot;, line 361, in urlconf_module 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name) 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py&quot;, line 37, in import_module 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] __import__(name) 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/mathtasks/urls.py&quot;, line 6, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from utils.views import SniptRegistrationView 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/utils/views.py&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.backends.default.views import RegistrationView 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/backends/default/views.py&quot;, line 6, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.models import RegistrationProfile 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/models.py&quot;, line 9, in &lt;module&gt; 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] User = get_user_model() 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/__init__.py&quot;, line 136, in get_user_model 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] return django_apps.get_model(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL) 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py&quot;, line 199, in get_model 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self.check_models_ready() 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File &quot;/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py&quot;, line 131, in check_models_ready 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] raise AppRegistryNotReady(&quot;Models aren&#39;t loaded yet.&quot;) 
	[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] AppRegistryNotReady: Models aren&#39;t loaded yet.

Django 1.7 upgrade error: AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren&#39;t loaded yet

When I change `help_text` or `verbose_name` for any of my model fields and run `python manage.py makemigrations`, it detects these changes and creates a new migration, say, `0002_xxxx.py`.

I am using PostgreSQL and I think these changes are irrelevant to my database (I wonder if a DBMS for which these changes are relevant exists at all).

Why does Django generate migrations for such changes? Is there an option to ignore them?

Can I apply the changes from `0002_xxxx.py` to the previous migration (`0001_initial.py`) manually and safely delete `0002_xxxx.py`?

Is there a way to update previous migration automatically?


Why does Django make migrations for help_text and verbose_name changes?

I&#39;m creating a data migration using the `RunPython` method. However when I try to run a method on the object none are defined. Is it possible to call a method defined on a model using `RunPython`?

Django migrations RunPython not able to call model methods

(I know there is a title the same as this, but the question is different). 

I have managed to get my development machine migrations and production migrations out of sync. 

I have a Django app which was using South. I had my own workflow that worked fine (it probably wasn&#39;t the correct way to do things, but I had no problems with it). 

Basically I have a script that copies the production database dump to my development machine. It also copied the migration files. That way the two were in synch, and I could run South commands as normal. 


Now I have upgraded to 1.7, and started using migrations. When I use my previous workflow (copy database dump, and migration files from production), it is not detecting changes on my development machine.

I have read through the migrations document, and I see that the correct way to use it is to 

 1. run &quot;make migrations&quot; and &quot;migrate&quot; on my development machine.
 2. run &quot;migrate&quot; on my devlopemnt machine to actually make the database changes
 3. Copy changes over, including migration files.
 4. run &quot;migrate&quot; on the production machine. (without the &quot;makemigrations&quot; step)

Anyway. It is all a mess now. I would like to &quot;reset&quot; my migrations and start from scratch, doing things properly from now on.

What do I need to do? 

 1. Delete the contents of the migration table (on both machines)?
 2. Delete the contents of the migration folder? (Including the __init__.py file).  
 3. Start the migrations as per the documentation for a new one.

Have I missed anything?
Is there a reason why copying everything from production(database and migration files) doesn&#39;t detect any changes on my development machine afterwards

How to reset migrations in Django 1.7

I added a new, non-nullable field to my Django model and am trying to use migrations to deploy that change. How would I set default value to use for existing models to be some function of those models rather than a constant?

As an example let&#39;s say I previously had a `created_on` field and I just added an `updated_on` field whose value I want to set initially to the model&#39;s `created_on`. How would I do this in a migration?

This is what I am trying to start with:

        migrations.AddField(
            model_name=&#39;series&#39;,
            name=&#39;updated_as&#39;,
            field=models.DateTimeField(default=????, auto_now=True),
            preserve_default=False,
        ),

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Seppo Erviälä	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Chillar Anand	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	jsh	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to migrate back from initial migration in Django 1.7?

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