How to merge the current branch into another branch
GitVersion ControlGit Problem Overview
I have two branches, master and dev. I always work on dev and only check code into the master branch once it's been approved for production use. When I do so, I have to do the following:
git checkout master
git merge dev
git checkout dev
That's awfully verbose, and since I do it frequently, I'd like to minimize it. Is there any one git command I can use to merge from my current branch dev to the other branch master without having to checkout the master branch first? Something maybe like:
git merge dev to master
would be awesome. I looked through the git documentation and didn't see anything.
Git Solutions
Solution 1 - Git
1. Add a remote alias for your local repository, ex:
git remote add self file:///path/to/your/repository
(Or on windows git remote add self C:\path\to\your\repository
)
2. Push to the self remote, ex:
git push self dev:master
Solution 2 - Git
The current highest-voted answer by @zerome is a good one, but is a bit needlessly verbose.
In the base of your git repo you can just do this: git push . dev:master
A more generalised solution that would work anywhere in the tree would be:
git push $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel) dev:master
Solution 3 - Git
Your best bet would be to just use an alias, placed in your global gitconfig (~/.gitconfig
):
[alias]
merge-to = "!f() { git checkout $1 && git merge $2 && git checkout -; }; f"
so that you can invoke it from any repository as
git merge-to master dev
Solution 4 - Git
A little modification from Jefromi alias that doesn't require you to type in the current branch.
So you use it like: git merge-to dev
.
This will switch over to the dev
branch, merge it with CURRENT and then will switch back.
For example, assuming you are on master
branch, it will merge the master into dev and you will still be on the master.
It definitely goes to my dotfiles :)
[alias]
merge-to = "!gitmergeto() { export tmp_branch=`git branch | grep '* ' | tr -d '* '` && git checkout $1 && git merge $tmp_branch && git checkout $tmp_branch; unset tmp_branch; }; gitmergeto"
Solution 5 - Git
This is old, but...
Combining the solutions from @kevin-lyda and @dmytrii-nagirniak above. this alias merges the current branch into the specified branch. It uses the remotes method with and uses git commands to get the context.
[alias]
merge-to = "!gitmergeto() { git push \"`git rev-parse --show-toplevel`\" `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`:$1; } && gitmergeto"
To be used like:
git merge-to other-branch-name
Solution 6 - Git
To merge the current branch into another branch without checking out the other branch:
Fast-forward merge
This is really easy. By definition, a fast-forward merge simply means the branch pointer is moved ahead in the commit tree. So all you need to do is just simulate that:
git branch -f master dev
> Caveats: This assumes that master
points to a commit that is also in dev
branch or some other branch. If it doesn't, you risk losing work! Unlike git merge
which will create a merge commit (or complain) when fast-forward is not possible, this method silently forces the branch pointer to point to another commit.
> This also assumes you're the only one working on the repo, and/or you know what you're doing.
Tip: If you did a git fetch
and you have new commits in origin/master
, you can move the master
branch without checking out using:
git branch -f master origin/master
Merge via merge commit
This is not always possible. To create a merge commit, you have to do a merge operation. And to do a merge operation, you should have commits in the other branch that are not in the current branch.
If you do have commits in the master
branch which are not in dev
branch, you can:
> Disclaimer: This is merely a proof-of-concept, just to show it's sometimes possible to do a merge to the other branch without checking out. If you would want to use it everyday, you probably want to make an alias for it using shell redirection or make a shell script for it. Then again, you can also make a shell script for the shorter process shown in the question.
git checkout -b temp
git merge --no-ff -e master
git branch -f master temp
git checkout dev
git branch -D temp
Explanation:
-
Check out a temporary branch that points to the same commit as current branch.
-
Merge
master
into the temporary branch and launch commit message editor. If you want the merge commit to look like you had merged thedev
branch intomaster
, edit it from this:Merge branch 'master' into temp
to this:
Merge branch 'dev'
Tip: You can use
-m "Merge branch 'dev'"
instead of-e
to be quicker. -
Update the
master
branch pointer to point to the merge commit. -
Check out the
dev
branch. -
Force delete the temporary branch.
This still touches your working tree, but minimally so. It doesn't roll back the tree all the way to state of the original master
just to bring in the development changes once again. Some may not care, but for others it may be important.
Solution 7 - Git
A lot of times you're coming from the branch you would like to merge the current branch into. In that case you could do:
git co - && git merge @{-1}
for example:
git checkout somebranch // (while on master)
// add some commits
git co - && git merge @{-1} // will merge somebranch into master
Solution 8 - Git
My solution is similar to the other answers, with the following differences:
- the function is split into multiple lines for readability
- the function calls
set -ex
so each command is printed and if command fails function exits right away - alias passes its arguments except the first (target branch) to
git merge
- the function includes a null command
: git merge
which makes sure tab-completion works with some shell setups (e.g.gitfast
from oh-my-zsh)
[alias]
merge-to = "!f() { : git merge ; \
set -ex ; \
local this=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD) ; \
local target=$1 ; \
shift ; \
git checkout $target ; \
git merge $this \"$@\" ; \
git checkout $this ; \
} ; f"