The `server_name`&lt;sup&gt;[docs][server_name]&lt;/sup&gt; directive is used to identify virtual hosts, they&#39;re not used to set the binding.

`netstat` tells you that nginx listens on `0.0.0.0:80` which means that it will accept connections from any IP.

If you want to change the IP nginx binds on, you have to change the `listen`&lt;sup&gt;[docs][listen]&lt;/sup&gt; rule.&lt;br /&gt;
So, if you want to set nginx to bind to `localhost`, you&#39;d change that to:

    listen 127.0.0.1:80;

In this way, requests that are not coming from localhost are discarded (they don&#39;t even hit nginx).

  [server_name]: http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/server_names.html
  [listen]: http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#listen

Do my tiles need to adhere to any particular specs?

I have a large image file which I&#39;d like to turn into a map with LeafletJS. I am going to be using the Python Imaging Library to cut it up into all the various tiles I need. 

However, I can&#39;t find any information about using custom maps in Leaflet. Do I provide Leaflet with the range of X,Y,Z info somehow? Do I give it the pixel size of each tile? Does it figure this out on its own?

To put my question into one concise question: What do I need to do in order to have image files that can double as map tiles with LeafletJS, and what, if anything, do I need to do in my front-end script? (beyond the obvious specifying of my custom URL)

Using custom map image tiles in LeafletJS?

I&#39;m going through the ML Class on Coursera on Logistic Regression and also the Manning Book Machine Learning in Action. I&#39;m trying to learn by implementing everything in Python. 

I&#39;m not able to understand the difference between the cost function and the gradient. There are examples on the net where people compute the cost function and then there are places where they don&#39;t and just go with the gradient descent function `w :=w - (alpha) * (delta)w * f(w)`.


What is the difference between the two if any?

Can someone explain to me the difference between a cost function and the gradient descent equation in logistic regression?

In my nginx conf file, I have :

      listen       80;
        server_name  $hostname;

however if I do netstat I see that it is listening on 0.0.0.0:80 

what I want to happen, is the nginx to listen to $hostname:80 , is there a way to configure it to do that? 

I tried different settings with no success so far. Appreciate your help. 

How to make nginx to listen to server_name:port

In my nginx conf file, I have :
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini"> listen 80;
 server_name $hostname;
</code></pre>
however if I do netstat I see that it is listening on 0.0.0.0:80
what I want to happen, is the nginx to listen to $hostname:80 , is there a way to configure it to do that?
I tried different settings with no success so far. Appreciate your help.

I want to make a Flask+Nginx+Gunicorn deployment. I have Nginx setup and running and I run gunicorn as described in the docs:

    gunicorn app:app

But when I logout of the server the gunicorn process exits? What is the correct way to make sure it stay running for Nginx to connect to, and restarts if it crashes?

What is the correct way to leave gunicorn running?

On server-side using Sinatra with a `stream` block.

    get &#39;/stream&#39;, :provides =&gt; &#39;text/event-stream&#39; do
      stream :keep_open do |out|
        connections &lt;&lt; out
        out.callback { connections.delete(out) }
      end
    end

On client side:

    var es = new EventSource(&#39;/stream&#39;);
    es.onmessage = function(e) { $(&#39;#chat&#39;).append(e.data + &quot;\n&quot;) };

When i using app directly, via `http://localhost:9292/`, everything works perfect. The connection is persistent and all messages are passed to all clients.

However when it goes through Nginx, `http://chat.dev`, the connection are dropped and a reconnection fires every second or so.

Nginx setup looks ok to me:

    upstream chat_dev_upstream {
      server 127.0.0.1:9292;
    }

    server {
      listen       80;
      server_name  chat.dev;

      location / {
        proxy_pass http://chat_dev_upstream;
        proxy_buffering off;
        proxy_cache off;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
      }
    }

Tried `keepalive 1024` in `upstream` section as well as `proxy_set_header Connection keep-alive;`in `location`.

Nothing helps :(

No persistent connections and messages not passed to any clients.





EventSource / Server-Sent Events through Nginx

I have a Rails app up and running on my server and now I&#39;d like to add another one.

I want Nginx to check what the request is for and split traffic based on domain name

Both sites have their own nginx.conf symlinked into sites-enabled, but I get an error starting nginx `Starting nginx: nginx: [emerg] duplicate listen options for 0.0.0.0:80 in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/bubbles:6`

They are both listening on 80 but for different things.

Site #1

    upstream blog_unicorn {
      server unix:/tmp/unicorn.blog.sock fail_timeout=0;
    }
    
    server {
      listen 80 default deferred;
      server_name walrus.com www.walrus.com;
      root /home/deployer/apps/blog/current/public;
    
      location ^~ /assets/ {
        gzip_static on;
        expires max;
        add_header Cache-Control public;
      }
    
      try_files $uri/index.html $uri @blog_unicorn;
      location @blog_unicorn {
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_pass http://blog_unicorn;
      }
    
      error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
      client_max_body_size 4G;
      keepalive_timeout 10;
    }

Site two:

    upstream bubbles_unicorn {
      server unix:/tmp/unicorn.bubbles.sock fail_timeout=0;
    }
    
    server {
      listen 80 default deferred;
      server_name bubbles.com www.bubbles.com;
      root /home/deployer/apps/bubbles/current/public;
    
      location ^~ /assets/ {
        gzip_static on;
        expires max;
        add_header Cache-Control public;
      }
    
      try_files $uri/index.html $uri @bubbles_unicorn;
      location @bubbles_unicorn {
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_pass http://bubbles_unicorn;
      }
    
      error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
      client_max_body_size 4G;
      keepalive_timeout 10;
    }

Serving two sites from one server with Nginx

I am getting this error from Nginx, but can&#39;t seem to figure it out! I am using codeigniter and am using the database for sessions. So I&#39;m wondering how the header can ever be too big. Is there anyway to check what the header is? or potentially see what I can do to fix this error? 

Let me know if you need me to put up any conf files or whatever and I&#39;ll update as you request them

    2012/12/15 11:51:39 [error] 2007#0: *5778 upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream, client: 24.63.77.149, server: jdobres.xxxx.com, request: &quot;POST /main/login HTTP/1.1&quot;, upstream: &quot;fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000&quot;, host: &quot;jdobres.xxxxx.com&quot;, referrer: &quot;http://jdobres.xxxx.com/&quot;


**UPDATE**

I added the following into conf:

    proxy_buffer_size   512k;
    proxy_buffers   4 512k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size   512k;

And now I still get the following:

    2012/12/16 12:40:27 [error] 31235#0: *929 upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream, client: 24.63.77.149, server: jdobres.xxxx.com, request: &quot;POST /main/login HTTP/1.1&quot;, upstream: &quot;fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000&quot;, host: &quot;jdobres.xxxx.com&quot;, referrer: &quot;http://jdobres.xxxx.com/&quot;

Upstream too big - nginx + codeigniter

I&#39;m in the process of setting up a new server. The http-Server of my choice is NGINX. I want to add the domain `audi-freunde-einbeck.de` as a virtual host. I already have 2 other domains in there and it works fine, but when I try to add the above mentioned domain and start the server it gives me `Job failed. See system journal and &#39;systemctl status&#39; for details.` 
I thought it was because of the dashes, so I tried just various other domains with and without hyphens, but no luck. Same error. what could be causing this? I also tried rebooting, I am really at a loss here. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

I have played around a bit and found out, that, when I only put one domain in, it works. But when I put another domain in, it stops. Here is the output in status:

    [root@netzmelone nginx]# systemctl status nginx
    nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
    	  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled)
    	  Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun, 16 Dec 2012 11:38:08 +0000; 7s ago
    	 Process: 14239 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nginx -g pid /run/nginx.pid; -s quit (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
    	 Process: 14232 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g pid /run/nginx.pid; daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    	 Process: 14242 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g pid /run/nginx.pid; daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
    	Main PID: 14234 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    	  CGroup: name=systemd:/system/nginx.service
    
    Dec 16 11:38:08 netzmelone nginx[14242]: nginx: [emerg] could not build the server_names_hash, you should increase server_names_hash_bucket_size: 32
    Dec 16 11:38:08 netzmelone nginx[14242]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

nginx: [emerg] could not build the server_names_hash, you should increase server_names_hash_bucket_size

This question seems like a duplicate but it&#39;s really not. Just a slight difference that keeps on repeating. git keeps on telling me: &quot;please tell me who you are&quot;, even after setting it up. when I run `git commit`, this is what I get....

    
    $ git commit

    *** Please tell me who you are.

    Run

    git config --global user.email &quot;you@example.com&quot;

    git config --global user.name &quot;Your Name&quot;

    to set your account&#39;s default identity.
    Omit --global to set the identity only in this repository.

    fatal: unable to auto-detect email address (got &#39;Obby@ObbyWorkstation.(none)&#39;)

But when I run `git config --global -l`, it gives me all my details...

    
    $ git config --global -l
    user.name=myname
    user.mail=me.myself@gmail.com
    http.proxy=proxy.XX.XX.XX:XXXX

I have changed my name, email and proxy but they are appearing fine when I run the command, even in the .gitconfig file I can see the values are set. what could be the missing thing, because I cannot commit at all. Every time it keeps asking me who I am ?

@sheu told me something that i changed, but still the same problem. when i set `--local`, still `git commit` asks me the same question. this is the output

    $ git config --local -l
    core.repositoryformatversion=0
    core.filemode=false
    core.bare=false
    core.logallrefupdates=true
    core.symlinks=false
    core.ignorecase=true
    core.hidedotfiles=dotGitOnly
    user.name=myname
    user.mail=me.myself@gmail.com



Why Git is not allowing me to commit even after configuration?

I have a small python project that has the following structure - 

    Project 
     -- pkg01
       -- test01.py
     -- pkg02
       -- test02.py
     -- logging.conf

 
I plan to use the default logging module to print messages to stdout and a log file.
To use the logging module, some initialization is required - 

    import logging.config
    
    logging.config.fileConfig(&#39;logging.conf&#39;)
    logger = logging.getLogger(&#39;pyApp&#39;)
    
    logger.info(&#39;testing&#39;)

At present, I perform this initialization in every module before I start logging messages. Is it possible to perform this initialization only once in one place such that the same settings are reused by logging all over the project?


Using logging in multiple modules

I want to override certain Git configuration options (in my case `http.proxy`) when calling a Git command directly by using command line parameters. Is this possible?


How do I override Git configuration options by command line parameters?

I&#39;d like to set some defaults for mocha without having to type them each time. Does mocha look for a config file / dotfile anywhere, as jshint looks for `.jshintrc` and npm looks for `package.json`?

Is there a .mocha file where I can specify defaults such as --no-colors?

I&#39;m trying to create a .ssh/config file for multiple SSH accounts (specifically for github.com).  I&#39;ve tried several tutorials and github help walk-throughs but nothing seems to work.

I created a `id_rsa_test` and `id_rsa_test.pub`.  I uploaded `id_rsa_test.pub` to github.

I then created a `~/.ssh/config` file with the following:


    # github account
    Host github.com-test github.com
    	Hostname github.com
    	User git 
    	IdentifyFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_test

and


    # github account
    Host github.com-test github.com
    	Hostname github.com
    	User git 
    	IdentifyFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_test.pub

I then try several commands.  i.e.:

    git clone git@github-test:username/my_project.git

    git push

...everytime I get the following error:


    /home/username/.ssh/config: line 5: Bad configuration option: IdentifyFile
    /home/username/.ssh/config: terminating, 1 bad configuration options
    fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

Any suggestions?


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Serenade	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Nginx	Alessandro Vendruscolo	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to make nginx to listen to server_name:port

Nginx Problem Overview

Nginx Solutions

Solution 1 - Nginx

Can someone explain to me the difference between a cost function and the gradient descent equation in logistic regression?

Using custom map image tiles in LeafletJS?

Attributions