Assuming that you have a program running in the foreground, **press ctrl-Z**, then:

    [1]+  Stopped                 myprogram
    $ disown -h %1
    $ bg 1
    [1]+ myprogram &amp;
    $ logout

If there is only one job, then you don&#39;t need to specify the job number. Just use `disown -h` and `bg`.


Explanation of the above steps:
--
You press ctrl-Z. The system suspends the running program, displays a job number and a &quot;Stopped&quot; message and returns you to a bash prompt. 

You type the `disown -h %1` command (here, I&#39;ve used a `1`, but you&#39;d use the job number that was displayed in the `Stopped` message) which marks the job so it ignores the `SIGHUP` signal (it will not be stopped by logging out). 

Next, type the `bg` command using the same job number; this resumes the running of the program in the background and a message is displayed confirming that. 

You can now log out and it will continue running..

You should try using [`nohup`][1] and running it in the background:

    nohup sleep 3600 &amp;


  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohup

I would try the program [screen][1].


  [1]: https://www.rackaid.com/blog/linux-screen-tutorial-and-how-to/

Start in the background:

    ./long_running_process options &amp;

And disown the job before you log out:

    disown




You want [nohup][1].  See http://nixcraft.com/linux-software/313-ssh-nohup-connection.html


  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohup

You could use [`screen`][1], detach and reattach


  [1]: https://www.gnu.org/s/screen/

How to make a where in clause similar to one in SQL Server?

I made one by myself but can anyone please improve this?



        public List&lt;State&gt; Wherein(string listofcountrycodes)
        {
            string[] countrycode = null;
            countrycode = listofcountrycodes.Split(&#39;,&#39;);
            List&lt;State&gt; statelist = new List&lt;State&gt;();

            for (int i = 0; i &lt; countrycode.Length; i++)
            {
                _states.AddRange(
                     from states in _objdatasources.StateList()
                     where states.CountryCode == countrycode[i].ToString()
                     select new State
                     {
                        StateName  = states.StateName                    
                     
                     });
            }
            return _states;
        }


Where IN clause in LINQ

I found solutions for Windows Forms with AppDomain but what would be the equivalent for a WPF `Application` object?

Getting the application&#39;s directory from a WPF application

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [Prevent a background process from being stopped after closing SSH client](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/285015/linux-prevent-a-background-process-from-being-stopped-after-closing-ssh-client)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

I have a program that takes a lot of time to finish.
It is running as root over ssh.  
I want it to continue to run after I logout,is this possible and how would I achieve this?

How to make a program continue to run after log out from ssh?

> Possible Duplicate: 
> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/285015/linux-prevent-a-background-process-from-being-stopped-after-closing-ssh-client" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prevent a background process from being stopped after closing SSH client</a>

I have a program that takes a lot of time to finish.
It is running as root over ssh. 
I want it to continue to run after I logout,is this possible and how would I achieve this?

Some software (for ex. the [NetBeans IDE][1]) ship the Linux installers in .sh files. Curious about how exactly they &#39;package&#39; a whole IDE into a &#39;shell script&#39;, I opened the file in an editor. I saw some plain text shell scripting code and then some random gibberish, which I reckon is &#39;binary&#39; or non-plain text. 

I am wondering how they mix plain shell scripts and then probably call the &#39;non-readable&#39; stuff, which would be the binaries. 

Any insight on this? 


  [1]: http://www.netbeans.org

How do Linux binary installers (.bin, .sh) work?

I work in Linux with C++ (Eclipse), and want to use a library.
Eclipse shows me an error:

    undefined reference to &#39;dlopen&#39; 

Do you know a solution? 

Here is my code: 

    #include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
    #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
    #include &lt;dlfcn.h&gt;
    
    int main(int argc, char **argv) {
        void *handle;
        double (*desk)(char*);
        char *error;
    
        handle = dlopen (&quot;/lib/CEDD_LIB.so.6&quot;, RTLD_LAZY);
        if (!handle) {
            fputs (dlerror(), stderr);
            exit(1);
        }
    
        desk= dlsym(handle, &quot;Apply&quot;);

        if ((error = dlerror()) != NULL)  {
            fputs(error, stderr);
            exit(1);
        }
    
        dlclose(handle);
    }


Linux c++ error: undefined reference to &#39;dlopen&#39;

I&#39;ve been playing with message queues (System V, but POSIX should be ok too) in Linux recently and they seem perfect for my application, but after reading The Art of Unix Programming I&#39;m not sure if they are really a good choice.

[http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch07s02.html#id2922148][1]
&gt; The upper, message-passing layer of System V IPC has largely fallen out of use. The lower layer, which consists of shared memory and semaphores, still has significant applications under circumstances in which one needs to do mutual-exclusion locking and some global data sharing among processes running on the same machine. These System V shared memory facilities evolved into the POSIX shared-memory API, supported under Linux, the BSDs, MacOS X and Windows, but not classic MacOS.

[http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch07s03.html#id2923376][2]
&gt;The System V IPC facilities are present in Linux and other modern Unixes. However, as they are a legacy feature, they are not exercised very often. The Linux version is still known to have bugs as of mid-2003. Nobody seems to care enough to fix them.

Are the System V message queues still buggy in more recent Linux versions? I&#39;m not sure if the author means that POSIX message queues should be ok?

It seems that sockets are the preferred IPC for almost anything(?), but I cannot see how it would be very simple to implement message queues with sockets or something else. Or am I thinking too complexly?

I don&#39;t know if it&#39;s relevant that I&#39;m working with embedded Linux?

  [1]: http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch07s02.html#id2922148
  [2]: http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch07s03.html#id2923376

Are message queues obsolete in linux?

Pretty much every product I&#39;ve worked on over the years has involved some level of shell scripts (or batch files, PowerShell etc. on Windows).  Even though we wrote the bulk of the code in Java or C++, there always seemed to be some integration or install tasks that were better done with a shell script.

The shell scripts thus become part of the shipped code and therefore need to be tested just like the compiled code.  Does anyone have experience with some of the shell script unit test frameworks that are out there, such as [shunit2][1] ?  I&#39;m mainly interested in Linux shell scripts for now; I&#39;d like to know how well the test harness duplicate the functionality and ease of use of other xUnit frameworks, and how easy it is to integrate with continuous build systems such as CruiseControl or Hudson.


  [1]: http://code.google.com/p/shunit2/wiki/GeneralFaq

Unit testing for shell scripts

To me, Intel syntax is much easier to read. If I go traipsing through assembly forest concentrating only on Intel syntax, will I miss anything? Is there any reason I would want to switch to AT&amp;T (outside of being able to read others&#39; AT&amp;T assembly)? My first clue is that gdb uses AT&amp;T by default.

If this matters, my focus is only on any relation assembly and syntax may have to Linux/BSD and the C language.


Limitations of Intel Assembly Syntax Compared to AT&amp;T

Let&#39;s say I have a script like the following:

useless.sh

    echo &quot;This Is Error&quot; 1&gt;&amp;2
    echo &quot;This Is Output&quot; 

And I have another shell script:

alsoUseless.sh

    ./useless.sh | sed &#39;s/Output/Useless/&#39;

I want to capture &quot;This Is Error&quot;, or any other stderr from useless.sh, into a variable. 
Let&#39;s call it ERROR.

Notice that I am using stdout for something. I want to continue using stdout, so redirecting stderr into stdout is not helpful, in this case.

So, basically, I want to do

    ./useless.sh 2&gt; $ERROR | ...

but that obviously doesn&#39;t work.

I also know that I could do

    ./useless.sh 2&gt; /tmp/Error
    ERROR=`cat /tmp/Error`

but that&#39;s ugly and unnecessary.

Unfortunately, if no answers turn up here that&#39;s what I&#39;m going to have to do.

I&#39;m hoping there&#39;s another way.

Anyone have any better ideas?

How to store standard error in a variable

I want to get the filename (without extension) and the extension separately.

The best solution I found so far is:

    NAME=`echo &quot;$FILE&quot; | cut -d&#39;.&#39; -f1`
    EXTENSION=`echo &quot;$FILE&quot; | cut -d&#39;.&#39; -f2`

This is wrong because it doesn&#39;t work if the file name contains multiple `.` characters. If, let&#39;s say, I have `a.b.js`, it will consider `a` and `b.js`, instead of `a.b` and `js`.

It can be easily done in Python with

    file, ext = os.path.splitext(path)

but I&#39;d prefer not to fire up a Python interpreter just for this, if possible.

Any better ideas?

Extract filename and extension in Bash

The way to iterate over a range in bash is

    for i in {0..10}; do echo $i; done

What would be the syntax for iterating over the sequence with a step? Say, I would like to get only even number in the above example.

How to produce a range with step n in bash? (generate a sequence of numbers with increments)

For example, I might want to:

    tail -f logfile | grep org.springframework | &lt;command to remove first N characters&gt;

I was thinking that `tr` might have the ability to do this but I&#39;m not sure.

What is a unix command for deleting the first N characters of a line?

I find `grep`&#39;s `--color=always` flag to be tremendously useful. However, grep only prints lines with matches (unless you ask for context lines). Given that each line it prints has a match, the highlighting doesn&#39;t add as much capability as it could.

I&#39;d really like to `cat` a file and see the entire file with the pattern matches highlighted.

Is there some way I can tell grep to print every line being read regardless of whether there&#39;s a match? I know I could write a script to run grep on every line of a file, but I was curious whether this was possible with standard `grep`.

Colorized grep -- viewing the entire file with highlighted matches

Does anyone have an example of an SSH library connection using Java.


SSH library for Java

I have a script that is to be run by a person that logs in to the server with [SSH][1].

Is there a way to find out automatically what IP address the user is connecting from?

Of course, I could ask the user (it is a tool for programmers, so no problem with that), but it would be cooler if I just found out.

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell


Find the IP address of the client in an SSH session

I want to run a script remotely. But the system doesn&#39;t recognize the path. It complains that &quot;no such file or directory&quot;. Am I using it right?

    ssh kev@server1 `./test/foo.sh`


How to run a script file remotely using SSH

I am trying to execute a command remotely over ssh, example:

    ssh &lt;user&gt;@&lt;host&gt; &lt;command&gt;

The command which needs to be executed is an alias, which is defined in .bashrc, e.g.

    alias ll=&#39;ls -al&#39;

So what in the end the following command should get executed:

    ssh user@host &quot;ll&quot;

I already found out that .bashrc only gets sourced with interactive shell, so in .bash_login I put:

    if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
      . ~/.bashrc
    fi

and I also tried to define the alias directly in .bash_login. 

I also tried to put the alias definition / sourcing of .bashrc in .bash_profile and also in .ssh/rc. But nothing of this works.
Note that I am not able to change how the ssh command is invoked since this is a part of some binary installation script. The only thing I can modify is the environment. Is there any other possibility to get this alias sourced when the ssh command is executed? Is there some ssh configuration which has to be adapted?

ssh command execution doesn&#39;t consider .bashrc | .bash_login | .ssh/rc?

How can I simply SSH to a remote server from a local Python (3.0) script, supply a login/password, execute a command and print the output to the Python console?

I would rather not use any large external library or install anything on the remote server.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	omg	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	Dennis Williamson	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Linux	paxdiablo	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Linux	Janusz	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Linux	diciu	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Linux	Matthew Flaschen	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 6 - Linux	brndnmg	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to make a program continue to run after log out from ssh?

Linux Problem Overview

Linux Solutions

Solution 1 - Linux

Explanation of the above steps:

Solution 2 - Linux

Solution 3 - Linux

Solution 4 - Linux

Solution 5 - Linux

Solution 6 - Linux

Getting the application's directory from a WPF application

Where IN clause in LINQ

Attributions