How to install pip for Python 3.6 on Ubuntu 16.10?
Python 3.xUbuntuPipInstallationPython 3.x Problem Overview
I'd like to start by pointing out that this question may seem like a duplicate, but it isn't. All the questions I saw here were regarding pip for Python 3 and I'm talking about Python 3.6. The steps used back then don't work for Python 3.6.
- I got a clear Ubuntu 16.10 image from the official docker store.
- Run
apt-get update
- Run
apt-get install python3.6
- Run
apt-get install python3-pip
- Run
pip3 install requests bs4
- Run
python3.6 script.py
Got ModuleNotFoundError
below:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "script.py", line 6, in <module>
import requests
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'requests'
Python's and pip's I have in the machine:
python3
python3.5
python3.5m
python3.6
python3m
python3-config
python3.5-config
python3.5m-config
python3.6m
python3m-config
pip
pip3
pip3.5
Python 3.x Solutions
Solution 1 - Python 3.x
Let's suppose that you have a system running Ubuntu 16.04, 16.10, or 17.04, and you want Python 3.6 to be the default Python.
If you're using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, you'll need to use a PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6 # (only for 16.04 LTS)
Then, run the following (this works out-of-the-box on 16.10 and 17.04):
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3.6
sudo apt install python3.6-dev
sudo apt install python3.6-venv
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
sudo python3.6 get-pip.py
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip /usr/local/bin/pip3
# Do this only if you want python3 to be the default Python
# instead of python2 (may be dangerous, esp. before 2020):
# sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python
When you have completed all of the above, each of the following shell commands should indicate Python 3.6.1
(or a more recent version of Python 3.6):
python --version # (this will reflect your choice, see above)
python3 --version
$(head -1 `which pip` | tail -c +3) --version
$(head -1 `which pip3` | tail -c +3) --version
Solution 2 - Python 3.x
In at least in ubuntu 16.10, the default python3
is python3.5
. As such, all of the python3-X
packages will be installed for python3.5 and not for python3.6.
You can verify this by checking the shebang of pip3
:
$ head -n1 $(which pip3)
#!/usr/bin/python3
Fortunately, the pip installed by the python3-pip
package is installed into the "shared" /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
such that python3.6 can also take advantage of it.
You can install packages for python3.6 by doing:
python3.6 -m pip install ...
For example:
$ python3.6 -m pip install requests
$ python3.6 -c 'import requests; print(requests.__file__)'
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/requests/__init__.py
Solution 3 - Python 3.x
This answer assumes that you have python3.6
installed. For python3.7
, replace 3.6
with 3.7
. For python3.8
, replace 3.6
with 3.8
, but it may also first require the python3.8-distutils
package.
Installation with sudo
With regard to installing pip
, using curl
(instead of wget
) avoids writing the file to disk.
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo -H python3.6
The -H
flag is evidently necessary with sudo
in order to prevent errors such as the following when installing pip for an updated python interpreter:
> The directory '/home/someuser/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory > is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. > Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing > pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. > > The directory > '/home/someuser/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the > current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the > permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, > you may want sudo's -H flag.
Installation without sudo
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.6 - --user
This may sometimes give a warning such as:
> WARNING: The script wheel is installed in '/home/ubuntu/.local/bin' > which is not on PATH. Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if > you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Verification
After this, pip
, pip3
, and pip3.6
can all be expected to point to the same target:
$ (pip -V && pip3 -V && pip3.6 -V) | uniq
pip 18.0 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (python 3.6)
Of course you can alternatively use python3.6 -m pip
as well.
$ python3.6 -m pip -V
pip 18.0 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (python 3.6)
Solution 4 - Python 3.x
This website contains a much cleaner solution, it leaves pip intact as-well and one can easily switch between 3.5 and 3.6 and then whenever 3.7 is released.
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2017/07/install-python-3-6-1-in-ubuntu-16-04-lts/
A short summary:
sudo apt-get install python python-pip python3 python3-pip
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3.6
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.5 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 2
Then
$ pip -V
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)
$ pip3 -V
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (python 3.5)
Then to select python 3.6 run
sudo update-alternatives --config python3
and select '2'. Then
$ pip3 -V
pip 8.1.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (python 3.6)
To update pip select the desired version and
pip3 install --upgrade pip
$ pip3 -V
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (python 3.6)
Tested on Ubuntu 16.04.
Solution 5 - Python 3.x
Some of the solutions above using the script get-pip.py
worked until a couple of weeks ago.
The latest version of this script now requires python3.7
throwing the following error
ERROR: This script does not work on Python 3.6
The minimun supported Python version is 3.7.
Please use https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/3.6/get-pip.py instead.
So making the corresponding change works now.
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/3.6/get-pip.py
sudo python3.6 get-pip.py