Simply put inside your script :

    source FILE

Or

    . FILE # POSIX compliant

&lt;br&gt;

    $ LANG=C help source
    source: source filename [arguments]
    Execute commands from a file in the current shell.
    
    Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell.  The
    entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.
    If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters
    when FILENAME is executed.
    
    Exit Status:
    Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if
    FILENAME cannot be read.

Above answers are correct, but if you run script in another folder, there will be some problem.

For example, `a.sh` and `b.sh` are in same folder, 
a use `. ./b.sh` to include b.

When you run script out of the folder, for example, `xx/xx/xx/a.sh`, file `b.sh` will not found: `./b.sh: No such file or directory`. 

So I use 

    . $(dirname &quot;$0&quot;)/b.sh

Yes, use [source][1] or the short form which is just `.`:

    . other_script.sh


  [1]: http://ss64.com/bash/period.html

Syntax is `source &lt;file-name&gt;`

ex. `source config.sh`

script - config.sh

    USERNAME=&quot;satish&quot;
    EMAIL=&quot;satish@linuxconcept.com&quot;


calling script - 

    #!/bin/bash
    source config.sh
    echo Welcome ${USERNAME}!
    echo Your email is ${EMAIL}.



You can learn to [include a bash script in another bash script here][1].


  [1]: https://linuxconcept.com/how-to-include-bash-script-in-other-bash-script/

In my situation, in order to include `color.sh` from the same directory in `init.sh`, I had to do something as follows. 

    . ./color.sh

Not sure why the `./` and not `color.sh` directly. The content of `color.sh` is as follows.

    RED=`tput setaf 1`
    GREEN=`tput setaf 2`
    BLUE=`tput setaf 4`
    BOLD=`tput bold`
    RESET=`tput sgr0`

Making use of `File color.sh` does not error but, the color do not display. I have tested this in `Ubuntu 18.04` and the `Bash` version is:

`GNU bash, version 4.4.19(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)`



I have a big HTML-string containing multiple child-nodes.

Is it possible to construct a **jQuery** DOM object using this string?

I&#39;ve tried `$(string)` but it only returns an array containing all the individual nodes.

Imtrying to get an element which i can use the .find() function on.

Creating a jQuery object from a big HTML-string

When you look at how infinite loops should be implemented, you mostly see this approach:

    while :
    do
      # loop infinitely
    done

But I just don&#39;t understand the use of `:` here. Wouldn&#39;t it be better to use:

    while true
    do
      # loop infinitely
    done
?

&quot;while :&quot; vs. &quot;while true&quot;

Is there a way to include another shell script in a shell script to be able to access its functions?

Like how in PHP you can use the `include` directive with other PHP files in order to run the functions that are contained within simply by calling the function name.

How to include file in a bash shell script

<p>Is there a way to include another shell script in a shell script to be able to access its functions?</p>
<p>Like how in PHP you can use the <code>include</code> directive with other PHP files in order to run the functions that are contained within simply by calling the function name.</p>


I want to run a few commands, each of which doesn&#39;t quit until Ctrl-C is pressed. Is there something I can run to run all of them at once, and Ctrl-C will quit them all? They can share the terminal output.

Specifically, I have the compass compiler, coffeescript compiler, and a custom command that watches for file changes all running watching for file changes. I don&#39;t want to load up a terminal for each command.


Run parallel multiple commands at once in the same terminal

I want to cross compile the Qt libraries (and eventually my application) for a Windows x86_64 target using a Linux x86_64 host machine. I feel like I am close, but I may have a fundamental misunderstanding of some parts of this process.

I began by installing all the mingw packages on my Fedora machine and then modifying the `win32-g++` qmake.conf file to fit my environment. However, I seem to be getting stuck with some seemingly obvious configure options for Qt: `-platform` and `-xplatform`. Qt documentation says that `-platform` should be the host machine architecture (where you are compiling) and `-xplatform` should be the target platform for which you wish to deploy. In my case, I set `-platform linux-g++-64` and `-xplatform linux-win32-g++` where linux-win32-g++ is my modified win32-g++ configuration.

My problem is that, after executing configure with these options, I see that it invokes my system&#39;s compiler instead of the cross compiler (x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc). If I omit the `-xplatform` option and set `-platform` to my target spec (linux-win32-g++), it invokes the cross compiler but then errors when it finds some Unix related functions aren&#39;t defined.

Here is some output from my latest attempt: http://pastebin.com/QCpKSNev.

Questions:

 1. When cross-compiling something like Qt for Windows from a Linux host, should the native compiler *ever* be invoked? That is, during a cross compilation process, shouldn&#39;t we use *only* the cross compiler? I don&#39;t see why Qt&#39;s configure script tries to invoke my system&#39;s native compiler when I specify the `-xplatform` option.

 2. If I&#39;m using a mingw cross-compiler, when will I have to deal with a specs file? Spec files for GCC are still sort of a mystery to me, so I am wondering if some background here will help me.

 3. In general, beyond specifying a cross compiler in my qmake.conf, what else might I need to consider?


How do I configure Qt for cross-compilation from Linux to Windows target?

I&#39;m debugging an application, and I get a lot of messages like this:

    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11142)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11142) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fff967fa700 (LWP 11143)]
    [Thread 0x7fff967fa700 (LWP 11143) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fff967fa700 (LWP 11144)]
    [Thread 0x7fff967fa700 (LWP 11144) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fff967fa700 (LWP 11145)]
    [Thread 0x7fff967fa700 (LWP 11145) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11146)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11146) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11147)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11147) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11148)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11148) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11149)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11149) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11150)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11150) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11151)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11151) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11152)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11152) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11153)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11153) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11154)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11154) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fff967fa700 (LWP 11155)]
    [Thread 0x7fff967fa700 (LWP 11155) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11156)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11156) exited]
    [New Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11157)]
    [Thread 0x7fffde152700 (LWP 11157) exited]

I&#39;m almost never interested in this messages. They make it much harder to read the rest of the output. They can change the timing behaviour of the program, making it hard to reproduce and debug race hazards. How can I disable these messages?

How can I disable new thread/thread exited messages in gdb?

I wrote a simple test application to log something in a log file. I am using &lt;b&gt;linux mint&lt;/b&gt; and after the application executes I try to view the log using this command: 

    tail -n 100 /var/log/messages

but the file messages does not exist neither tested or something. Below you can find my code. Maybe I am doing something wrong, the file isn&#39;t stored there or I need to enable logging in linux mint.

    #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
    #include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
    #include &lt;syslog.h&gt;
    
    void init_log()
    {
    	setlogmask(LOG_UPTO(LOG_NOTICE));
    	openlog(&quot;testd&quot;,LOG_CONS | LOG_PID | LOG_NDELAY, LOG_LOCAL1);
    }
    
    int main(void) {
    
    	init_log();
    	printf(&quot;Session started!&quot;);
    	syslog(LOG_NOTICE, &quot;Session started!!&quot;);
    	closelog();
    
    	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }

Where does linux store my syslog?

Are there objectively better ways to create temporary files in bash scripts?

I normally just name them whatever comes to my mind, such as tempfile-123, since it will be deleted when the script is over. Is there any disadvantage in doing this other than overwriting a possible tempfile-123 in current folder? Or is there any advantage in creating a temporary file in a more careful way?

Creating temporary files in bash

In a given shell, normally I&#39;d set a variable or variables and then run a command. Recently I learned about the concept of prepending a variable definition to a command:

    FOO=bar somecommand someargs

This works... kind of. It doesn&#39;t work when you&#39;re changing a LC_* variable (which seems to affect the command, but *not* its arguments, for example, &#39;[a-z]&#39; char ranges) or when piping output to another command thusly:

    FOO=bar somecommand someargs | somecommand2  # somecommand2 is unaware of FOO

I can prepend somecommand2 with &quot;FOO=bar&quot; as well, which works, but which adds unwanted duplication, and it doesn&#39;t help with arguments that are interpreted depending on the variable (for example, &#39;[a-z]&#39;).

So, what&#39;s a good way to do this on a single line?

I&#39;m thinking something on the order of:

    FOO=bar (somecommand someargs | somecommand2)  # Doesn&#39;t actually work

&lt;hr/&gt;

I got lots of good answers! The goal is to keep this a one-liner, preferably without using &quot;export&quot;. The method using a call to Bash was best overall, though the parenthetical version with &quot;export&quot; in it was a little more compact. The method of using redirection rather than a pipe is interesting as well.




Setting an environment variable before a command in Bash is not working for the second command in a pipe

I want to apologize in advance that this is a newbie question! I&#39;ve spent the last 2 hours trying to find a solution.

I have two problems (I&#39;m sure related). 

**Background:** 

This is what my $PATH looks like:

/Users/Sponsi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin:/Users/Sponsi/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194@global/bin:/Users/Sponsi/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p194/bin:/Users/Sponsi/.rvm/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/git/bin:/usr/X11/bin


**Problem #1**

I am trying to use the command-line command &quot;subl&quot; to launch Sublime Text 2 on OSX.

I entered the following command:
&quot;`ln -s &quot;/Applications/Sublime Text 2.app/Contents/SharedSupport/bin/subl&quot; ~/bin/subl`

It only halfway worked - when I enter &quot;subl&quot; I get &quot;Command not found&quot;. But when I re-enter the command above it says &quot;Already exists.&quot;

I searched online and found a (somewhat) fix. I added the following to my .bashrc:

    echo &#39;export PATH=&quot;./bin:$PATH&quot;&#39; &gt;&gt; ~/.bashrc 
    source ~/.bashrc

Using the command &quot;subl&quot; does work but only temporarily. If I exit terminal or switch to another directory it stops working (bringing me into problem #2, see below.)

**Problem # 2:**

When I try to pull up a file under another directory using the command &quot;subl&quot; I get &quot;-bash: ./bin/subl: No such file or directory&quot; I confirmed the file I want to edit does exist.

BTW, I am following the Ruby tutorial found @ http://ruby.railstutorial.org/ruby-on-rails-tutorial-book


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/nWpk3.png

Thank you so much for your time!

Problems using subl command in terminal: &quot;Command not found&quot; &amp; &quot;No such file or directory&quot;

I have the following .txt file:

 &lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    Marco
    Paolo
    Antonio

I want to read it line-by-line, and for each line I want to assign a .txt line value to a variable. Supposing my variable is `$name`, the flow is:

 - Read first line from file
 - Assign `$name` = &quot;Marco&quot;
 - Do some tasks with `$name`
 - Read second line from file
 - Assign `$name` = &quot;Paolo&quot;


Read a file line by line assigning the value to a variable

Consider this snippet: 

    $ SOMEVAR=AAA
    $ echo zzz $SOMEVAR zzz
    zzz AAA zzz

Here I&#39;ve set `$SOMEVAR` to `AAA` on the first line - and when I echo it on the second line, I get the `AAA` contents as expected. 

But then, if I try to specify the variable on the same command line as the `echo`:

    $ SOMEVAR=BBB echo zzz $SOMEVAR zzz
    zzz AAA zzz

... I do not get `BBB` as I expected - I get the old value (`AAA`). 

Is this how things are supposed to be? If so, how come then you can specify variables like `LD_PRELOAD=/... program args ...` and have it work? What am I missing?

Why can&#39;t I specify an environment variable and echo it in the same command line?

I have a file with a class `Resp`. The path is:

    C:\xampp\htdocs\One\Classes\Resp.php

And I have an `index.php` file in this directory:

    C:\xampp\htdocs\Two\Http\index.php

In this `index.php` file I want to instantiate a class `Resp`.

    $a = new Resp();

I know I can use `require` or `include` keywords to include the file with a class:

    require(&quot;One\Classes\Resp.php&quot;);       // I&#39;ve set the include_path correctly already &quot;;C:\xampp\htdocs&quot;. It works.
    $a = new Resp();

But I want to import classes without using `require` or `include`. I&#39;m trying to understand how `use` keyword works. I tried theses steps but nothing works:

    use One\Classes\Resp;
    use xampp\htdocs\One\Classes\Resp;
    use htdocs\One\Classes\Resp;
    use One\Classes;
    use htdocs\One\Classes;    /* nothing works */
    
    $a = new Resp();

It says:

    Fatal error: Class &#39;One\Classes\Resp&#39; not found in C:\xampp\htdocs\Two\Http\index.php

How does the keyword `use` work? Can I use it to import classes?


How does the keyword &quot;use&quot; work in PHP and can I import classes with it?

I have this code(which doesn&#39;t give me expected result)

    #subject_content.html
    {% block main-menu %}
    	{% include &quot;subject_base.html&quot; %}
    {% endblock %}
    

    #subject_base.html
    ....
    ....
    	&lt;div id=&quot;homework&quot; class=&quot;tab-section&quot;&gt;
    		&lt;h2&gt;Homework&lt;/h2&gt;
    			{% include &quot;subject_file_upload.html&quot; %}
    	&lt;/div&gt;
child template:
    
    #subject_file_upload.html
    	&lt;form action=&quot;.&quot; method=&quot;post&quot; enctype=&quot;multipart/form-data&quot;&gt;{% csrf_token %}
    		{{ form.as_p }}
    		&lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;submit&quot;&gt;
    	&lt;/form&gt;

and my view

    #views.py
    @login_required
    def subject(request,username, subject):
        if request.method == &quot;POST&quot;:
            form = CarsForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
            if form.is_valid():
                form.save()
                return HttpResponseRedirect(&quot;/&quot;)
        form = CarsForm()
        return render_to_response(&#39;subject_content.html&#39;, {&#39;form&#39;:form}, context_instance=RequestContext(request))

The above code creates HTML in the way I want it to be, however the form does not update database.

BUT,

If I skip the middle template and go directly to the uploading form, it works fine:

    #subject_content.html
    {% block main-menu %}
    	{% include &quot;subject_file_upload.html&quot; %}
    {% endblock %}

Help me please to make it work with middle template. 
I want to do this, because I don&#39;t wan&#39;t to type the same code more than once. 



Assign variables to child template in {% include %} tag Django

I&#39;m trying to pass a variable into an *include* file. My host changed PHP version and now whatever solution I try doesn&#39;t work.

I think I&#39;ve tried every option I could find. I&#39;m sure it&#39;s the simplest thing!

The variable needs to be set and evaluated from the calling first file (it&#39;s actually `$_SERVER[&#39;PHP_SELF&#39;]`, and needs to return the path of that file, not the included `second.php`).


**OPTION ONE**

In the first file:

    global $variable;
    $variable = &quot;apple&quot;;
    include(&#39;second.php&#39;);

In the second file:

    echo $variable;


**OPTION TWO**

In the first file:

    function passvariable(){
        $variable = &quot;apple&quot;;
        return $variable;
    }
    passvariable();


**OPTION THREE**

    $variable = &quot;apple&quot;;
    include &quot;myfile.php?var=$variable&quot;; // and I tried with http: and full site address too.
 

    $variable = $_GET[&quot;var&quot;]
    echo $variable

None of these work for me. PHP version is 5.2.16.

What am I missing?

Thanks!

PHP pass variable to include

I&#39;m trying to write a little build script, and want to determine if the includes are system includes or not. So I want __g++__ to tell me the include path&#39;s it&#39;s using. 

`cpp -v` seems the obvious best shot, but it doesn&#39;t give me the C++ paths.

So I tried:
 
    g++ -Xpreprocessor -v  

Which doesn&#39;t work quite right - __g++__ captures the `-v` for it&#39;s own verbose output.



Dump include paths from g++

 - What should I include in C++ programs, `stdio.h` or `cstdio`? and Why?       
 - Why two header files which provide the same functionality?     
 - What does the standard say regarding this?              
 - How should I go about including other such headers, Is there a base rule that I should follow?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Anthony Miller	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	Gilles Quenot	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Linux	Fancyoung	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Linux	Paul	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Linux	Satish Kumar	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Linux	Raf	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to include file in a bash shell script

Linux Problem Overview

Linux Solutions

Solution 1 - Linux

Solution 2 - Linux

Solution 3 - Linux

Solution 4 - Linux

Solution 5 - Linux

"while :" vs. "while true"

Creating a jQuery object from a big HTML-string

Attributions