Try:

    img = Image.open(filename)
    print(img.format)  # &#39;JPEG&#39;

More info

* https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/Image.html#PIL.Image.Image.format

* https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/handbook/image-file-formats.html

I use `npm` to install some command line tools. Having the itch to always be up to date, I found the command `npm -g outdated`.

What is the difference between the columns `wanted` and `latest`?

The documentation states:

&gt; The resulting field &#39;wanted&#39; shows the latest version according to the
&gt; version specified in the package.json, the field &#39;latest&#39; the very
&gt; latest version of the package.

However I don&#39;t find it clear at all.
For example on my system I get:

    Package  Current  Wanted  Latest  Location
    cordova    5.3.1   5.3.3   5.3.1  lib
    npm        3.3.4   3.3.4   3.3.3  lib

How can `wanted` be higher than `latest`? It seems to contradict:

&gt; the field &#39;latest&#39; the very latest version of the package

Which version should I update to (I only use the command-line, not any node.js code)?


npm `wanted` vs `latest`

Trying to json Marshal a struct that contains 2 time fields. But I only want the field to come through if it has a time value. So I&#39;m using `json:&quot;,omitempty&quot;` but it&#39;s not working.

What can I set the Date value to so json.Marshal will treat it like an empty (zero) value and not include it in the json string?

Playground: http://play.golang.org/p/QJwh7yBJlo

**Actual Outcome:** 

&gt; {&quot;Timestamp&quot;:&quot;2015-09-18T00:00:00Z&quot;,&quot;Date&quot;:&quot;0001-01-01T00:00:00Z&quot;}

***Desired Outcome:*** 

&gt; {&quot;Timestamp&quot;:&quot;2015-09-18T00:00:00Z&quot;}

Code:

    package main
    
    import (
    	&quot;encoding/json&quot;
    	&quot;fmt&quot;
    	&quot;time&quot;
    )
    
    type MyStruct struct {
    	Timestamp time.Time `json:&quot;,omitempty&quot;`
    	Date      time.Time `json:&quot;,omitempty&quot;`
    	Field     string    `json:&quot;,omitempty&quot;`
    }
    
    func main() {
    	ms := MyStruct{
    		Timestamp: time.Date(2015, 9, 18, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
    		Field:     &quot;&quot;,
    	}
    
    	bb, err := json.Marshal(ms)
    	if err != nil {
    		panic(err)
    	}
    	fmt.Println(string(bb))
    }



JSON omitempty With time.Time Field

After loading an image file with PIL.Image, how can I determine whether the image file is a PNG/JPG/BMP/GIF? I understand very little about these file formats, can PIL get the `format` metadata from the file header? Or does it need to &#39;analyze&#39; the data within the file?

If PIL doesn&#39;t provide such an API, is there any python library that does?


How to get the format of image with PIL?

<p>After loading an image file with PIL.Image, how can I determine whether the image file is a PNG/JPG/BMP/GIF? I understand very little about these file formats, can PIL get the <code>format</code> metadata from the file header? Or does it need to 'analyze' the data within the file?</p>
<p>If PIL doesn't provide such an API, is there any python library that does?</p>


I would like to use a regular expression that matches any text between two strings:

    Part 1. Part 2. Part 3 then more text

In this example, I would like to search for &quot;Part 1&quot; and &quot;Part 3&quot; and then get everything in between which would be: &quot;. Part 2. &quot;

I&#39;m using Python 2x.


Match text between two strings with regular expression

I&#39;m curious how other django developers manage multiple code branches (in git for instance) with migrations.

My problem is as follows:
- we have multiple feature branches in git, some of them with django migrations (some of them altering fields, or removing them altogether)
- when I switch branches (with `git checkout some_other_branch`) the database does not reflect always the new code, so I run into &quot;random&quot; errors, where a db table column does not exist anymore, etc...

Right now, I simply drop the db and recreate it, but it means I have to recreate a bunch of dummy data to restart work. I can use fixtures, but it requires keeping track of what data goes where, it&#39;s a bit of a hassle.

Is there a good/clean way of dealing with this use-case? I&#39;m thinking a `post-checkout` git hook script could run the necessary migrations, but I don&#39;t even know if migration rollbacks are at all possible.

django migrations - workflow with multiple dev branches

I am trying to write `setup.py` for my package. My package needs to specify a dependency on another Git repository.

This is what I have so far:

    from setuptools import setup, find_packages

    setup(
        name=&#39;abc&#39;,
        packages=find_packages(),
        url=&#39;https://github.abc.com/abc/myabc&#39;,
        description=&#39;This is a description for abc&#39;,
        long_description=open(&#39;README.md&#39;).read(),
        install_requires=[
            &quot;requests==2.7.0&quot;,
            &quot;SomePrivateLib&gt;=0.1.0&quot;,
            ],
        dependency_links = [
         &quot;git+git://github.abc.com/abc/SomePrivateLib.git#egg=SomePrivateLib&quot;,
        ],
        include_package_data=True,
    )

When I run:

    pip install -e https://github.abc.com/abc/myabc.git#egg=analyse

I get

&gt; Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement
&gt; SomePrivateLib&gt;=0.1.0 (from analyse) (from versions: ) No matching
&gt; distribution found for SomePrivateLib&gt;=0.1.0 (from analyse)

What am I doing wrong?





How to write setup.py to include a Git repository as a dependency

I&#39;m building a new Docker image based on the standard Ubuntu 14.04 image. 

Here&#39;s my *Dockerfile*:

    FROM ubuntu:14.04
    RUN apt-get update -y
    RUN apt-get install -y nginx git python-setuptools python-dev
    RUN easy_install pip
    ADD . /code
    WORKDIR /code
    RUN pip install -r requirements.txt # only &#39;django&#39; for now
    ENV projectname myproject
    EXPOSE 80 8000
    WORKDIR ${projectname}
    CMD [&#39;python&#39;, &#39;manage.py&#39;, &#39;runserver&#39;, &#39;0.0.0.0:80&#39;]

When I try to run this image, I get this error...

 

&gt;    /bin/sh: 1: [python,: not found

But if I open a shell when running the image, running `python` opens the interactive prompt as expected. 

Why can&#39;t I invoke `python` through `CMD` in the Dockerfile?

Docker image error: &quot;/bin/sh: 1: [python,: not found&quot;

I wonder why a class `__dict__` is a `mappingproxy`, but an instance `__dict__` is just a plain `dict`

    &gt;&gt;&gt; class A:
    ...     pass

    &gt;&gt;&gt; a = A()
    &gt;&gt;&gt; type(a.__dict__)
    &lt;class &#39;dict&#39;&gt;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; type(A.__dict__)
    &lt;class &#39;mappingproxy&#39;&gt;

Why is a class __dict__ a mappingproxy?

I am trying to install the pip package PIL. However the install doesn&#39;t work throwing the following error.

    Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pil (from xhtml2pdf==0.0.4-&gt;-r virtualenv-reqs.txt (line 16)) (from versions: )
      Some externally hosted files were ignored as access to them may be unreliable (use --allow-external pil to allow).
    No matching distribution found for pil (from xhtml2pdf==0.0.4-&gt;-r virtualenv-reqs.txt (line 16))

The install does work when I have an older version of pip, but with the current version of pip `7.1.2` I am not able to download the package. I am using the following command to install the pip packages

    pip install --timeout=1000 -i http://pypi.ksjc.sh.colo/simple --trusted-host pypi.ksjc.sh.colo -r virtualenv-reqs.txt

What is the issue with this. I thought it might be an SSL issue which is why I added the `--trusted-host` flag. Is there any way to the `--allow-external` flag to be used with the `virtualenv-reqs` file.

pip install PIL fails

I have an image in PIL Image format. I need to convert it to byte array.

    img = Image.open(fh, mode=&#39;r&#39;)  
    roiImg = img.crop(box)

Now I need the `roiImg` as a byte array.

Convert PIL Image to byte array?

I have a script that requires PIL to run. Other than downgrading my Python, I couldn&#39;t find anyway to install PIL on my Python 3.6

Here are my attempts:

    pip install pil
    Collecting pil
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pil (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for pil

    pip install Pillow
    Collecting Pillow
      Using cached Pillow-3.3.1.zip
    Installing collected packages: Pillow
      Running setup.py install for Pillow ... error
        Complete output from command c:\python\python36\python.exe -u -c &quot;import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=&#39;C:\\Users\\ABDULR~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-rez5zpri\\Pillow\\setup.py&#39;;exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, &#39;open&#39;, open)(__file__).read().replace(&#39;\r\n&#39;, &#39;\n&#39;), __file__, &#39;exec&#39;))&quot; install --record C:\Users\ABDULR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-a5bugnjo-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
        Single threaded build for windows
        running install
        running build
        running build_py
        creating build
        creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
        creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PIL
        copying PIL\......................
    	..................................
    	..................................
        running egg_info
        writing Pillow.egg-info\PKG-INFO
        writing dependency_links to Pillow.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
        writing top-level names to Pillow.egg-info\top_level.txt
        warning: manifest_maker: standard file &#39;-c&#39; not found
    
        reading manifest file &#39;Pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt&#39;
        reading manifest template &#39;MANIFEST.in&#39;
        warning: no files found matching &#39;*.sh&#39;
        no previously-included directories found matching &#39;docs\_static&#39;
        warning: no previously-included files found matching &#39;.coveragerc&#39;
        warning: no previously-included files found matching &#39;.editorconfig&#39;
        warning: no previously-included files found matching &#39;.landscape.yaml&#39;
        warning: no previously-included files found matching &#39;appveyor.yml&#39;
        warning: no previously-included files found matching &#39;build_children.sh&#39;
        warning: no previously-included files found matching &#39;tox.ini&#39;
        warning: no previously-included files matching &#39;.git*&#39; found anywhere in distribution
        warning: no previously-included files matching &#39;*.pyc&#39; found anywhere in distribution
        warning: no previously-included files matching &#39;*.so&#39; found anywhere in distribution
        writing manifest file &#39;Pillow.egg-info\SOURCES.txt&#39;
        copying PIL\OleFileIO-README.md -&gt; build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PIL
        running build_ext
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File &quot;&lt;string&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
          File &quot;C:\Users\ABDULR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-rez5zpri\Pillow\setup.py&quot;, line 753, in &lt;module&gt;
            zip_safe=not debug_build(), )
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\core.py&quot;, line 148, in setup
            dist.run_commands()
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py&quot;, line 955, in run_commands
            self.run_command(cmd)
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py&quot;, line 974, in run_command
            cmd_obj.run()
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py&quot;, line 61, in run
            return orig.install.run(self)
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\command\install.py&quot;, line 539, in run
            self.run_command(&#39;build&#39;)
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py&quot;, line 313, in run_command
            self.distribution.run_command(command)
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py&quot;, line 974, in run_command
            cmd_obj.run()
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\command\build.py&quot;, line 135, in run
            self.run_command(cmd_name)
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py&quot;, line 313, in run_command
            self.distribution.run_command(command)
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py&quot;, line 974, in run_command
            cmd_obj.run()
          File &quot;c:\python\python36\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py&quot;, line 338, in run
            self.build_extensions()
          File &quot;C:\Users\ABDULR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-rez5zpri\Pillow\setup.py&quot;, line 521, in build_extensions
            &#39; using --disable-%s, aborting&#39; % (f, f))
        ValueError: zlib is required unless explicitly disabled using --disable-zlib, aborting
    
        ----------------------------------------
    Command &quot;c:\python\python36\python.exe -u -c &quot;import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=&#39;C:\\Users\\ABDULR~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-rez5zpri\\Pillow\\setup.py&#39;;exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, &#39;open&#39;, open)(__file__).read().replace(&#39;\r\n&#39;, &#39;\n&#39;), __file__, &#39;exec&#39;))&quot; install --record C:\Users\ABDULR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-a5bugnjo-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile&quot; failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\ABDULR~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-rez5zpri\Pillow\

Didn&#39;t know to add argument `--disable-zlib`, `pip install Pillow --disable-zlib` wasn&#39;t correct. 

Couldn&#39;t find what matches my system here: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow/3.0.0

64-bit Windows 10 &amp; Python 3.6

How do I install PIL/Pillow for Python 3.6?

I am doing a deep learning course on udacity. For the first assignment whenI tried to run the script which is below the problem 1 , I got this error. So I tried to uninstall PIL and pillow and then installed these individually but I didnot succeeded.
I need help guy. I am using tensorflow docker image with python notebook.



    # These are all the modules we&#39;ll be using later. Make sure you can import them
    # before proceeding further.
    from __future__ import print_function
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    import os
    import sys
    import scipy
    import tarfile
    from IPython.display import display, Image
    from scipy import ndimage
    from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
    from six.moves.urllib.request import urlretrieve
    from six.moves import cPickle as pickle
    # Config the matplotlib backend as plotting inline in IPython
    %matplotlib inline 
   
    url = &#39;http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/books1000/&#39;
    last_percent_reported = None

    def download_progress_hook(count, blockSize, totalSize):
        percent = int(count * blockSize * 100 / totalSize)

       if last_percent_reported != percent:
         if percent % 5 == 0:
      sys.stdout.write(&quot;%s%%&quot; % percent)
      sys.stdout.flush()
    else:
      sys.stdout.write(&quot;.&quot;)
      sys.stdout.flush()
      
    last_percent_reported = percent
        
https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/examples/udacity/1_notmnist.ipynb

You can see the code here. I got error in the code block after problem 1
[Error Image][1]



I tried each and everything describe here in these two links or solutions:

[Solution 1 on stackoverflow][2]

[Solution 2 on stackoverflow][3]

Operating System:

using docker and tensorflow is installed in a container with IPython notebook.

The output from python -c &quot;import tensorflow; print(tensorflow.__version__)&quot;.

0.11.0




  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/XSRvK.jpg
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35534220/importerror-could-not-import-the-python-imaging-library-pil-required-to-load
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26720968/pil-importerror-the-imaging-extension-was-built-for-another-version-of-pillow

ImportError: Could not import the Python Imaging Library (PIL) required to load image files on tensorflow

I try to install PIL but get errors, what should I do?

    $ Command
    Result
    ------------
    $ pip install PIL
    
    Collecting PIL
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement PIL (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for PIL
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    $ pip install PIL  --allow-unverified PIL --allow-all-external
    
    DEPRECATION: --allow-all-external has been deprecated and will be removed in the future. Due to changes in the repository protocol, it no longer has any effect.
    DEPRECATION: --allow-unverified has been deprecated and will be removed in the future. Due to changes in the repository protocol, it no longer has any effect.
    Collecting PIL
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement PIL (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for PIL

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	NeoWang	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Mikko Ohtamaa	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to get the format of image with PIL?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

JSON omitempty With time.Time Field

npm `wanted` vs `latest`

Attributions