How to get the current time as 13-digit integer in Ruby?

I have this jQuery function that returns the current time as the number of milliseconds since the epoch (Jan 1, 1970):

time = new Date().getTime();

Is there a way to do the same in Ruby?

Right now, I am using Ruby's Time.now.to_i which works great but returns a 10-digit integer (number of seconds)

How can I get it to display the number of milliseconds, as in jQuery?

require 'date'

p DateTime.now.strftime('%s') # "1384526946" (seconds)
p DateTime.now.strftime('%Q') # "1384526946523" (milliseconds)

Javascript's gettime() returns the number of milliseconds since epoch.

Ruby's Time.now.to_i will give you the number of seconds since epoch. If you change that to Time.now.to_f, you still get seconds but with a fractional component. Just multiply that by 1,000 and you have milliseconds. Then use #to_i to convert it to an integer. And you end up with:

(Time.now.to_f * 1000).to_i

(Time.now.to_f * 1000).to_i should do the same thing.

Using strftime, you can get the number of seconds and append fractional milliseconds (or smaller units, if needed):

2.2.2 :001 > t = Time.new
 => 2015-06-02 12:16:56 -0700 
2.2.2 :002 > t.strftime('%s%3N')
 => "1433272616888" 

Note though that this doesn't round, it truncates, as you can see with to_f or if you go out to microseconds:

2.2.2 :003 > t.to_f
 => 1433272616.888615
2.2.2 :004 > t.usec
 => 888615 

and the to_f / to_i solution has the same problem (to_i doesn't round, it truncates):

2.2.2 :009 > (t.to_f * 1000).to_i
 => 1433272616888

so if you really care about millisecond accuracy, a better bet may be to_f with round:

2.2.2 :010 > (t.to_f * 1000).round
 => 1433272616889

That said, as noted in the docs, "IEEE 754 double is not accurate enough to represent the number of nanoseconds since the Epoch", so if you really really care, consider to_r instead of to_f --

2.2.2 :011 > (t.to_r * 1000).round
 => 1433272616889 

-- although if you're only rounding to milliseconds you're probably fine.

Be careful, don't get confused. The fact that Ruby supports the idea of fractional seconds as a float doesn't actually make it a floating point number. I got into trouble with this when I was doing Wireshark timestamp time comparisons in Python... the time calculations in the pcap-ng just weren't working. It was only when I treated the two parts (integral seconds and integral nanoseconds) as both integers was I able to get proper numbers.

That's because floating point numbers have Accuracy problems. Indeed, a quick bit of Ruby will show you that to_f does not equal, say, nsec:

irb(main):019:0> t=Time.now
=> 2015-04-10 16:41:35 -0500
irb(main):020:0> puts "#{t.to_f}; #{t.nsec}"
1428702095.1435847; 143584844

Caveat Programmer. You may be safe to 3 significant digits, but the fact remains: Floating point numbers on computers are approximations. The nanosecond counters on modern computers are integers.

Get a Time object with Time.now, calling #to_i returns a Unix timestamp (seconds from epoch). #to_f gives fractional seconds which you can use to get milliseconds from epoch:

Time.now.to_f * 1000

The typecast Integer(1e6*Time.now.to_f) returns a Bignum that can hold the milliseconds

Use Process.clock_gettime:

>> Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME, :millisecond)
=> 1644588106765

See https://ruby-doc.org/core-3.1.0/Process.html#method-c-clock_gettime