Use [`fdopen()`][1]:

    FILE* fp = fdopen(fd, &quot;w&quot;);


  [1]: http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009604499/functions/fdopen.html

`FILE* f = fdopen(d, &quot;w&quot;);`

man fdopen output:
 &gt; SYNOPSIS

    #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
        
    FILE *
    fdopen(int fildes, const char *mode);

&gt; The `fdopen()` function associates a stream with the existing file descriptor, `fildes`. The mode of the stream must be compatible with the mode of the file descriptor.  When the stream is closed via `fclose(3)`, `fildes` is closed also.



There is no standard way of doing this (or the reverse) as the C Standard has nothing to say about file descriptors. Your specific platform may or may not provide such a mechanism.

Is there a reliable, framework independent way of determining the physical dimensions of a `&lt;img src=&#39;xyz.jpg&#39;&gt;` resized on the client side?



Determine original size of image cross browser?

A freshly installed TFS 2010 is at `http://serverX:8080/tfs`. 

A Windows 7 developer machine with VS 2008 Pro SP1 and the VS2008 Team Explorer (**no SP**). The [TFS 2008 Service Pack 1][1] didn&#39;t work for me - &quot;None of the products that are addressed by this software update are installed on this computer.&quot;

The developer machine is able to browse the TFS site at the above URL.

**The Issue** is around trying to add the TFS server into the Team Explorer window in Visual Studio 2008. Here&#39;s a screenshot showing the error:

&gt; unable to connect to this Team Foundation Server. Possible reasons for failure include: The Team Foundation Server name, port number or protocol is incorrect. The Team Foundation Server is offline. Password is expired or incorrect.

The TFS server is up and running properly. Firewall ports are open, and **is accessible via the browser** on the dev machine!!

![alt text][2]
[larger image][3]

**Question**: how can you connect from VS 2008 Pro to a TFS 2010 server?

**Resolution**

Here&#39;s how I solved this problem:

**Installations**

* install Visual Studio 2008
* install [VS 2008 Team Explorer][4] as above.
* re-install [VS 2008 Service Pack 1][5]
* install the [Visual Studio Team System 2008 Service Pack 1 Forward Compatibility Update for Team Foundation Server 2010][6]  (VS90SP1-KB974558-x86.exe)

**Config**

* when adding a TFS server to Team Explorer, you **MUST** specify the URL as such:
`http://[tfsserver]:[port]/[vdir]/[projectCollection]`
* in my case above, it was `http://serverX:8080/tfs/AppDev-TestProject`
* you cannot simply add the TFS server name and have VS look for all Project Collections on the server. TFS 2010 has a new URL (by default) and VS 2008 doesn&#39;t recognize how to gather that list.


  [1]: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=9E40A5B6-DA41-43A2-A06D-3CEE196BFE3D&amp;displaylang=en
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/gLCxE.png
  [3]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/gLCxE.png
  [4]: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=0ed12659-3d41-4420-bbb0-a46e51bfca86&amp;displaylang=en
  [5]: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyId=FBEE1648-7106-44A7-9649-6D9F6D58056E&amp;displaylang=en
  [6]: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=CF13EA45-D17B-4EDC-8E6C-6C5B208EC54D&amp;displaylang=en

Visual Studio 2008: Can&#39;t connect to known good TFS 2010

I&#39;m playing around with `mkstemp()`, which provides a file descriptor, but I want to generate formatted output via `fprintf()`. Is there an easy way to transform the file descriptor provided by `mkstemp()` into a `FILE *` structure that is suitable for use with `fprintf()`?

How to get a FILE pointer from a file descriptor?

<p>I'm playing around with <code>mkstemp()</code>, which provides a file descriptor, but I want to generate formatted output via <code>fprintf()</code>. Is there an easy way to transform the file descriptor provided by <code>mkstemp()</code> into a <code>FILE *</code> structure that is suitable for use with <code>fprintf()</code>?</p>


I want to call a C library from a Python application. I don&#39;t want to wrap the whole API, only the functions and datatypes that are relevant to my case. As I see it, I have three choices:

1. Create an actual extension module in C. Probably overkill, and I&#39;d also like to avoid the overhead of learning extension writing.
2. Use [Cython][1] to expose the relevant parts from the C library to Python.
3. Do the whole thing in Python, using [`ctypes`][2] to communicate with the external library.

I&#39;m not sure whether 2) or 3) is the better choice. The advantage of 3) is that `ctypes` is part of the standard library, and the resulting code would be pure Python &amp;ndash; although I&#39;m not sure how big that advantage actually is.

Are there more advantages / disadvantages with either choice? Which approach do you recommend?

---

**Edit:** Thanks for all your answers, they provide a good resource for anyone looking to do something similar. The decision, of course, is still to be made for the single case&amp;mdash;there&#39;s no one &quot;This is the right thing&quot; sort of answer. For my own case, I&#39;ll probably go with ctypes, but I&#39;m also looking forward to trying out Cython in some other project.

With there being no single true answer, accepting one is somewhat arbitrary; I chose FogleBird&#39;s answer as it provides some good insight into ctypes and it currently also is the highest-voted answer. However, I suggest to read all the answers to get a good overview.

Thanks again.

  [1]: http://www.cython.org/
  [2]: http://docs.python.org/library/ctypes.html

Wrapping a C library in Python: C, Cython or ctypes?

I&#39;m trying to figure out what would happened if I try to free a pointer &quot;from the middle&quot;
for example, look at the following code:

	char *ptr = (char*)malloc(10*sizeof(char));

	for (char i=0 ; i&lt;10 ; ++i)
	{
		ptr[i] = i+10;
	}
	++ptr;
	++ptr;
	++ptr;
	++ptr;
	free(ptr);

I get a crash with an Unhandled exception error msg.
I want to understand why and how free works so that I know not only how to use it but also be able to understand weird errors and exceptions and better debug my codeץ

Thanks a lot

How do free and malloc work in C?

I understand how malloc() works. My question is, I&#39;ll see things like this:

    #define A_MEGABYTE (1024 * 1024)

    char *some_memory;
    size_t size_to_allocate = A_MEGABYTE;
    some_memory = (char *)malloc(size_to_allocate);
    sprintf(some_memory, &quot;Hello World&quot;);
    printf(&quot;%s\n&quot;, some_memory);
    free(some_memory);

I omitted error checking for the sake of brevity. My question is, can&#39;t you just do the above by initializing a pointer to some static storage in memory? perhaps:

    char *some_memory = &quot;Hello World&quot;;

At what point do you actually need to allocate the memory yourself instead of declaring/initializing the values you need to retain?


When should I use malloc in C and when don&#39;t I?

Has anyone ever seen any numbers/analysis on whether or not use of the C/C++ `restrict` keyword in gcc/g++ actual provides any significant performance boost in reality (and not just in theory)?

I&#39;ve read various articles recommending / disparaging its use, but I haven&#39;t ran across any real numbers practically demonstrating either sides arguments.

**EDIT**

I know that `restrict` is not officially part of C++, but it is supported by some compilers and I&#39;ve read a paper by [Christer Ericson][1] which strongly recommends its usage.


  [1]: http://realtimecollisiondetection.net/

Does the restrict keyword provide significant benefits in gcc/g++?

I have the following `C` code :

    int *a;
    size_t size = 2000*sizeof(int);
    a = malloc(size);

which works fine. But if I have the following :

    char **b = malloc(2000*sizeof *b);

where every element of `b` has different length.

How is it possible to do the same thing for `b` as i did for `a`; i.e. the following code would hold correct?

    char *c;
    size_t size = 2000*sizeof(char *);
    c = malloc(size);


Using malloc for allocation of multi-dimensional arrays with different row lengths

After reading the mkdir(2) man page for the Unix system call with that name, it appears that the call doesn&#39;t create intermediate directories in a path, only the last directory in the path. Is there any way (or other function) to create all the directories in the path without resorting to manually parsing my directory string and individually creating each directory ?

Recursive mkdir() system call on Unix

I&#39;ve been trying to find a way to get the time since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC in seconds and nanoseconds in python and I cannot find anything that will give me the proper precision.

I have tried using time module, but that precision is only to microseconds, so the code I tried was:

    import time
    
    print time.time()

which gave me a result like this:

    1267918039.01

However, I need a result that looks like this:

    1267918039.331291406

Does anyone know a possible way to express UNIX time in seconds and nanoseconds?  I cannot find a way to set the proper precision or get a result in the correct format.  Thank you for any help


Get POSIX/Unix time in seconds and nanoseconds in Python?

I am pretty new to Ubuntu, but I can&#39;t seem to get this to work.  It works fine on my school computers and I don&#39;t know what I am not doing.  I have checked **usr/include** and time.h is there just fine.  Here is the code:

    #include &lt;iostream&gt;
    #include &lt;time.h&gt;
    using namespace std;
    
    int main()
    {
    	timespec time1, time2;
    	int temp;
    	clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &amp;time1);
    	//do stuff here
    	clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &amp;time2);
    	return 0;
    }

I am using CodeBlocks as my IDE to build and run as well. Any help would be great, thank you.

C++ error: undefined reference to &#39;clock_gettime&#39; and &#39;clock_settime&#39;

I&#39;m basically looking for a C++ version of fdopen().  I did a bit of research on this and it is one of those things that seems like it should be easy, but turns out to be very complicated.  Am I missing something in this belief (i.e. it really is easy)?  If not, is there a good library out there somewhere to handle this?

EDIT: Moved my example solution to a separate answer.

How to construct a c++ fstream from a POSIX file descriptor?

In a shell script, how do I echo all shell commands called and expand any variable names?

For example, given the following line:

    ls $DIRNAME

I would like the script to run the command and display the following

    ls /full/path/to/some/dir

The purpose is to save a log of all shell commands called and their arguments. Is there perhaps a better way of generating such a log?



Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	BD at Rivenhill	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C	Richard Pennington	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C	Gregory Pakosz	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - C	anon	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to get a FILE pointer from a file descriptor?

C Problem Overview

C Solutions

Solution 1 - C

Solution 2 - C

Solution 3 - C

Visual Studio 2008: Can't connect to known good TFS 2010

Determine original size of image cross browser?

Attributions