How to evaluate an infix expression in just one scan using stacks?

I want to know if there is a way to solve infix expressions in a single pass using 2 stacks? The stacks can be one for operator and the other for operands...

The standard way to solve by shunt-yard algorithm is to convert the infix expression to postfix(reverse polish) and then solve. I don't want to convert the expression first to postfix.

If the expression is like 2*3-(6+5)+8, how to solve?

Quite late, but here is the answer.

Take two stacks:

1. operator stack { for operators and parentheses }.
2. operand stack.

Algorithm

If character exists to be read:

1. If character is operand push on the operand stack, if character is (, push on the operator stack.
2. Else if character is operator
   1. While the top of the operator stack is not of smaller precedence than this character.
   2. Pop operator from operator stack.
   3. Pop two operands (op1 and op2) from operand stack.
   4. Store op1 op op2 on the operand stack back to 2.1.
3. Else if character is ), do the same as 2.2 - 2.4 till you encounter (.

Else (no more character left to read):

• Pop operators untill operator stack is not empty.
• Pop top 2 operands and push op1 op op2 on the operand stack.

return the top value from operand stack.

The method given in the link is really good.

Let me quote the source:

We will use two stacks:

Operand stack: to keep values (numbers)  and

Operator stack: to keep operators (+, -, *, . and ^).  


In the following, “process” means, (i) pop operand stack once (value1) (ii) pop operator stack once (operator) (iii) pop operand stack again (value2) (iv) compute value1 operator  value2 (v) push the value obtained in operand stack.          


Algorithm:


Until the end of the expression is reached, get one character and perform only one of the steps (a) through (f):

(a) If the character is an operand, push it onto the operand stack.

(b) If the character is an operator, and the operator stack is empty then push it onto the operator stack.

(c) If the character is an operator and the operator stack is not empty, and the character's precedence is greater than the precedence of the stack top of operator stack, then push the character onto the operator stack.

(d) If the character is "(", then push it onto operator stack.

(e) If the character is ")", then "process" as explained above until the corresponding "(" is encountered in operator stack.  At this stage POP the operator stack and ignore "(."

(f) If cases (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) do not apply, then process as explained above.

 

 When there are no more input characters, keep processing until the operator stack becomes empty.  The values left in the operand stack is the final result of the expression.

I hope this helps!

1. create an empty operator stack.
2. create an empty operand stack.
3. for each token in the input String
   a. get the next token in the infix string.
   b. if the next is an operand, place it on the operand stack.
   c. if the next token is an operator
   • Evaluate the operator.
4. while operator stack is not empty, pop operator and operands (left and right),evaluate left operator right and push result onto operand stack.
5. pop result from operator stack.

Below is my attempt at infix expression evaluation in java. Please let me know if you find any bugs :)

import java.util.*;

public class ArithmeticExpressionEvaluation {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner readExpression = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter the expression: ");
        String expression = readExpression.nextLine();
        System.out.println(expression);
        System.out.println("Result: " + calculateExpression(expression));
    }

    public static long calculateExpression(String expression) {

        Stack<Long> operandStack = new Stack<>();
        Stack<Character> operatorStack = new Stack<>();

        if (!isValidExpression(expression)) {
            System.out.println("Not a valid expression to evaluate");
            return 0;
        }

        int i = 0;
        String currentInteger = null;
        while (i < expression.length()) {

            // System.out.println(expression.charAt(i));
            if (expression.charAt(i) >= '0' && expression.charAt(i) <= '9') {

                currentInteger = expression.charAt(i) + "";
                i++;
                while (i != expression.length() && (expression.charAt(i) >= '0' && expression.charAt(i) <= '9')) {
                    currentInteger = currentInteger + expression.charAt(i);
                    i++;
                }

                operandStack.push(Long.parseLong(currentInteger));
            } else {

                if (expression.charAt(i) == ')') {

                    while (operatorStack.peek() != '(') {
                        performArithmeticOperation(operandStack, operatorStack);
                    }
                    operatorStack.pop();
                } else {

                    Character currentOperator = expression.charAt(i);
                    Character lastOperator = (operatorStack.isEmpty() ? null : operatorStack.peek());


                    if (lastOperator != null && checkPrecedence(currentOperator, lastOperator)) {
                        performArithmeticOperation(operandStack, operatorStack);
                    }
                    operatorStack.push(expression.charAt(i));

                }
                i++;
            }

        }


        while (!operatorStack.isEmpty()) {
            performArithmeticOperation(operandStack, operatorStack);
        }

    //    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(operandStack.toArray()));
    //    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(operatorStack.toArray()));

        return operandStack.pop();

    }

    public static void performArithmeticOperation(Stack<Long> operandStack, Stack<Character> operatorStack) {
        try {
            long value1 = operandStack.pop();
            long value2 = operandStack.pop();
            char operator = operatorStack.pop();

            long intermediateResult = arithmeticOperation(value1, value2, operator);
            operandStack.push(intermediateResult);
        } catch (EmptyStackException e) {
            System.out.println("Not a valid expression to evaluate");
            throw e;
        }
    }


    public static boolean checkPrecedence(Character operator1, Character operator2) {

        List<Character> precedenceList = new ArrayList<>();
        precedenceList.add('(');
        precedenceList.add(')');
        precedenceList.add('/');
        precedenceList.add('*');
        precedenceList.add('%');
        precedenceList.add('+');
        precedenceList.add('-');


        if(operator2 == '(' ){
            return false;
        }

        if (precedenceList.indexOf(operator1) > precedenceList.indexOf(operator2)) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }

    }

    public static long arithmeticOperation(long value2, long value1, Character operator) {

        long result;

        switch (operator) {

            case '+':
                result = value1 + value2;
                break;

            case '-':
                result = value1 - value2;
                break;

            case '*':
                result = value1 * value2;
                break;

            case '/':
                result = value1 / value2;
                break;

            case '%':
                result = value1 % value2;
                break;

            default:
                result = value1 + value2;


        }
        return result;
    }


    public static boolean isValidExpression(String expression) {

        if ((!Character.isDigit(expression.charAt(0)) && !(expression.charAt(0) == '('))
                || (!Character.isDigit(expression.charAt(expression.length() - 1)) && !(expression.charAt(expression.length() - 1) == ')'))) {
            return false;
        }

        HashSet<Character> validCharactersSet = new HashSet<>();
        validCharactersSet.add('*');
        validCharactersSet.add('+');
        validCharactersSet.add('-');
        validCharactersSet.add('/');
        validCharactersSet.add('%');
        validCharactersSet.add('(');
        validCharactersSet.add(')');

        Stack<Character> validParenthesisCheck = new Stack<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < expression.length(); i++) {

            if (!Character.isDigit(expression.charAt(i)) && !validCharactersSet.contains(expression.charAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }

            if (expression.charAt(i) == '(') {
                validParenthesisCheck.push(expression.charAt(i));
            }

            if (expression.charAt(i) == ')') {

                if (validParenthesisCheck.isEmpty()) {
                    return false;
                }
                validParenthesisCheck.pop();
            }
        }

        if (validParenthesisCheck.isEmpty()) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}