    echo &#39;I\&#39;m a student&#39;
does not work. But the following works:

    echo $&#39;I\&#39;m a student&#39;

From the man page of bash:

&gt; A single quote may not occur between single quotes, even when preceded
&gt; by a backslash.&lt;br&gt;
&gt; .... &lt;br&gt;
&gt; Words of the form **$&#39;string&#39;** are treated specially.  The word
&gt; expands to string, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as
&gt; specified by the ANSI C standard.

The &quot;ugly&quot; solution mentioned by Glenn Jackman should actually be listed as a top level answer. It works well and is actually beautiful in some situations.

    &#39;I&#39;&quot;&#39;&quot;&#39;m a student&#39;

This ends the single quoted string after `I` then immediately starts a double quoted string containing a single quote and then starts another single quoted string. Bash then concatenates all contiguous strings into one.

Beautiful!

The example below works because the escaped single quote `\&#39;` is technically between two single-quoted arguments

    echo &#39;I&#39;\&#39;&#39;m a student&#39;

I have been reading many articles trying to understand the difference between functional and logic programming, but the only deduction I have been able to make so far is that logic programming defines programs through mathematical expressions. But such a thing is not associated with logic programming.

I would really appreciate some light being shed on the difference between functional and logic programming.

Difference between logic programming and functional programming

I need a method that can tell me if a String has non alphanumeric characters.

For example if the String is &quot;abcdef?&quot; or &quot;abcdef&#224;&quot;, the method must return true.


How to determine if a String has non-alphanumeric characters?

I want to display a string in Bash  like this  

    I&#39;m a student

Of course you can do it like this 

    echo &quot;I&#39;m a student&quot;

But how to accomplish this while using single quote around the string ? 



How to escape a single quote in single quote string in Bash?

I want to display a string in Bash like this
<pre><code class="hljs language-css">I'm a student
</code></pre>
Of course you can do it like this
<pre><code class="hljs language-bash">echo "I'm a student"
</code></pre>
But how to accomplish this while using single quote around the string ?

I ran into a problem while working with Selenium. For my project, I have to use Chrome. However, I can&#39;t connect to that browser after launching it with Selenium.

For some reason, Selenium can&#39;t find Chrome by itself. This is what happens when I try to launch Chrome without including a path:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;./obp_pb_get_csv.py&quot;, line 73, in &lt;module&gt;
        browser = webdriver.Chrome() # Get local session of chrome
      File &quot;/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py&quot;, line 46, in __init__
        self.service.start()
      File &quot;/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/service.py&quot;, line 58, in start
        and read up at http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver&quot;)
    selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: &#39;ChromeDriver executable needs to be available in the path.                 Please download from http://code.google.com/p/selenium/downloads/list                and read up at http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver&#39;

To solve this problem, I then included the Chromium path in the code that launches Chrome. However, the interpreter fails to find a socket to connect to:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;./obp_pb_get_csv.py&quot;, line 73, in &lt;module&gt;
        browser = webdriver.Chrome(&#39;/usr/bin/chromium&#39;) # Get local session of chrome
      File &quot;/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py&quot;, line 46, in __init__
        self.service.start()
      File &quot;/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/service.py&quot;, line 64, in start
        raise WebDriverException(&quot;Can not connect to the ChromeDriver&quot;)
    selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: &#39;Can not connect to the ChromeDriver&#39;

I also tried solving the problem by launching chrome with:
&lt;pre&gt;chromium --remote-shell-port=9222&lt;/pre&gt;
However, this did not work either.

PS. Here&#39;s some information about my system:
&lt;pre&gt;www-client: chromium 15.0.874.121  
dev-lang:   python 2.7.2-r3 Selenium 2.11.1  
OS:         GNU/Linux Gentoo Kernel 3.1.0-gentoo-r1&lt;/pre&gt;  

Running Selenium WebDriver python bindings in chrome

I recently come across a file with the extension .pid and explored inside it but didn&#39;t find much. The documentation says:

&gt; A Pid-File is a file containing the process identification number (pid) that is stored in a well-defined location of the filesystem thus allowing other programs to find out the pid of a running script.

Can anyone shed more light on this, or guide me to details of what&#39;s contained in the pid file?

What is a .pid file and what does it contain?

My program operates like this:

    exe -p param1 -i param2 -o param3

It crashed and generated a core dump file, `core.pid`.

I want to analyze the core dump file by

    gdb ./exe -p param1 -i param2 -o param3 core.pid

But GDB recognizes the parameters of the EXE file as GDB&#39;s input.

How do I analyze a core dump file in this situation?


How do I analyze a program&#39;s core dump file with GDB when it has command-line parameters?

I have just installed CentOS 6 64bit version, I&#39;m trying to install a 32-bit application on a 64-bit machine and got this error:

&gt; /lib/ld-linux.so.2: bad ELF interpreter: No such file or directory

I&#39;m new to linux.  How do I resolve this?


CentOS 64 bit bad ELF interpreter

I have a web directory `/www` and a folder in that directory called `store`.

Within `store` are several files and folders. I want to give the folder `store` and all files and folders within the `store` folder all permissions. 

How do I do this? I am guessing via .htaccess.

Chmod 777 to a folder and all contents

I know there are ways to send email from terminal in Linux/MacOS, but I can&#39;t seem to find proper documentation on how to do that.

Basically I need it for my bash script that notifies me every time there is a change in a file.

How to send email from Terminal?

Consider this command:

    ls /mydir/*.txt | xargs chown root

The intention is to change owners of all text files in `mydir` to root

The issue is that if there are no `.txt` files in `mydir` then xargs thows an error saying there is no path specified. This is a harmless example because an error is being thrown, but in some cases, like in the script that i need to use here, a blank path is assumed to be the current directory. So if I run that command from `/home/tom/` then if there is no result for `ls /mydir/*.txt` and all files under `/home/tom/` have their owners changed to root.

So how can I have xargs ignore an empty result?

How to ignore xargs commands if stdin input is empty?

In a Bash-script, is it possible to open a file on &quot;the lowest-numbered file descriptor not yet in use&quot;?

I have looked around for how to do this, but it seems that Bash always requires you to specify the number, e.g. like this:

    exec 3&lt; /path/to/a/file    # Open file for reading on file descriptor 3.

In contrast, I would like to be able to do something like

    my_file_descriptor=$(open_r /path/to/a/file)

which would open &#39;file&#39; for reading on the lowest-numbered file descriptor not yet in use and assign that number to the variable &#39;my_file_descriptor&#39;.


In Bash, how to find the lowest-numbered unused file descriptor?

I want to do something like this:

    if [ $1 % 4 == 0 ]; then
    ...

But this does not work.

What do I need to do instead?

How do I do if statement arithmetic in bash?

I read the `help read` page, but still don&#39;t quite make sense. Don&#39;t know which option to use.

How can I read N lines at a time using Bash?

Read n lines at a time using Bash

I have a string that contains invalid XML characters. How can I escape (or remove) invalid XML characters before I parse the string?

Escape invalid XML characters in C#

I&#39;m trying to parse a json response data from youtube api but i keep getting an error.

Here is the snippet where it choking:

    data = json.loads(&quot;&quot;&quot;{ &quot;entry&quot;:{ &quot;etag&quot;:&quot;W/\&quot;A0UGRK47eCp7I9B9WiRrYU0.\&quot;&quot; } }&quot;&quot;&quot;)
..and this happens:

    JSONDecodeError: Expecting , delimiter: line 1 column 23 (char 23)

I&#39;ve confirmed that it&#39;s valid json and I have no control over the formatting of it so how can I get past this error?

Valid JSON giving JSONDecodeError: Expecting , delimiter

Is it possible to create an **HTML** fragment in an AngularJS controller and have this HTML shown in the view?

This comes from a requirement to turn an inconsistent JSON blob into a nested list of `id: value` pairs. Therefore the **HTML** is created in the controller and I am now looking to display it.

I have created a model property, but cannot render this in the view without it just printing the **HTML**.

---

Update

It appears that the problem arises from angular rendering the created HTML as a string within quotes. Will attempt to find a way around this.

Example controller :

    var SomeController = function () {

        this.customHtml = &#39;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;render me please&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&#39;;
    }

Example view :

    &lt;div ng:bind=&quot;customHtml&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Gives :

    &lt;div&gt;
        &quot;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;render me please&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&quot;
    &lt;/div&gt;

Insert HTML into view from AngularJS controller

The [MySQL documentation][1] says that it should be `\&#39;`. However, both scite and mysql shows that `&#39;&#39;` works.  I saw that and it works. What should I do?


  [1]: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/string-literals.html#character-escape-sequences

How to escape apostrophe (&#39;) in MySql?

As silly as it may sound, I still haven&#39;t found an appropriate answer.

Let&#39;s say I want to dynamically create a new DOM element and fill up its textContent/innerText
with a JS string literal.&lt;br /&gt;
The string is so long I would like to split it into three chunks:

    var h1 = document.createElement(&quot;h1&quot;);

    h1.textContent = &quot;This is a very long string and I would like to insert a carriage return HERE...
    moreover, I would like to insert another carriage return HERE... 
    so this text will display in a new line&quot;;

The problem is, if i write

    h1.textContent = &quot;...I would like to insert a carriage return here... \n&quot;;

it doesn&#39;t work, probably because the browser considers the &#39;\n&#39; to be pure text and displays it as such (the \r doesn&#39;t work either).

*On the other hand, I could change the h1.innerHTML instead of the textContent and write*:

    h1.innerHTML = &quot;...I would like to insert a carriage return here...&lt;br /&gt;&quot;;

*Here the &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; would do the job, but doing so would replace not just the text content but all the HTML content of my h1, **which is not quite what I want***.

Is there a simple way to solve my problem?&lt;br /&gt; I wouldn&#39;t resort to creating multiple block elements just to have the text on different lines. &lt;br /&gt;
Any idea would be greatly appreciated. &lt;br /&gt;
Thanks in advance.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	爱国者	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	codaddict	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Linux	Luke Gedeon	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Linux	Nick Jensen	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to escape a single quote in single quote string in Bash?

Linux Problem Overview

Linux Solutions

Solution 1 - Linux

Solution 2 - Linux

Solution 3 - Linux

How to determine if a String has non-alphanumeric characters?

Difference between logic programming and functional programming

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