Less than or equal:

    User.objects.filter(userprofile__level__lte=0)

Greater than or equal:

    User.objects.filter(userprofile__level__gte=0)

Likewise, `lt` for less than and `gt` for greater than. You can find them all [in the documentation](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/models/querysets/).

In my python program I am getting this error:

    KeyError: &#39;variablename&#39;

From this code:

    path = meta_entry[&#39;path&#39;].strip(&#39;/&#39;),

Can anyone please explain why this is happening?

I&#39;m getting Key error in python

How do I change the cursor pointer to hand when my mouse goes over a `&lt;tr&gt;` in a `&lt;table&gt;`

    &lt;table class=&quot;sortable&quot; border-style:&gt;
      &lt;tr&gt;
        &lt;th class=&quot;tname&quot;&gt;Name&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th class=&quot;tage&quot;&gt;Age&lt;/th&gt;
      &lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tname&quot;&gt;Jennifer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tage&quot;&gt;24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tname&quot;&gt;Kate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tage&quot;&gt;36&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tname&quot;&gt;David&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tage&quot;&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
      &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tname&quot;&gt;Mark&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tage&quot;&gt;40&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/table&gt;

Change cursor to hand when mouse goes over a row in table

I am attempting to filter users by a custom field in each users profile called profile. This field is called level and is an integer between 0-3.

If I filter using equals, I get a list of users with the chosen level as expected:

    user_list = User.objects.filter(userprofile__level = 0)

When I try to filter using less than:

    user_list = User.objects.filter(userprofile__level &lt; 3)

I get the error:

&gt; global name &#39;userprofile__level&#39; is not defined

Is there a way to filter by &lt; or &gt;, or am I barking up the wrong tree.

How to do a less than or equal to filter in Django queryset?

I am attempting to filter users by a custom field in each users profile called profile. This field is called level and is an integer between 0-3.
If I filter using equals, I get a list of users with the chosen level as expected:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">user_list = User.objects.filter(userprofile__level = 0)
</code></pre>
When I try to filter using less than:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">user_list = User.objects.filter(userprofile__level &#x3C; 3)
</code></pre>
I get the error:
> global name 'userprofile__level' is not defined
Is there a way to filter by &#x3C; or >, or am I barking up the wrong tree.

I am using pylab in matplotlib to create a plot and save the plot to an image file. However, when I save the image using `pylab.savefig( image_name )`, I find that the **SIZE** image saved is the same as the image that is shown when I use `pylab.show()`.

As it happens, I have a lot of data in the plot and when I am using `pylab.show()`, I have to maximize the window before I can see all of the plot correctly, and the xlabel tickers don&#39;t superimpose on each other.

Is there anyway that I can programmatically &#39;maximize&#39; the window before saving the image to file? - at the moment, I am only getting the &#39;default&#39; window size image, which results in the x axis labels being superimposed on one another.

How to make savefig() save image for &#39;maximized&#39; window instead of default size

A common antipattern in Python is to concatenate a sequence of strings using `+` in a loop. This is bad because the Python interpreter has to create a new string object for each iteration, and it ends up taking quadratic time. (Recent versions of CPython can apparently optimize this in some cases, but other implementations can&#39;t, so programmers are discouraged from relying on this.) `&#39;&#39;.join` is the right way to do this.

However, I&#39;ve heard it said ([including here on Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10001301/list-slicing-python/10001401#10001401)) that you should _never, ever_ use `+` for string concatenation, but instead always use `&#39;&#39;.join` or a format string. I don&#39;t understand why this is the case if you&#39;re only concatenating two strings. If my understanding is correct, it shouldn&#39;t take quadratic time, and I think `a + b` is cleaner and more readable than either `&#39;&#39;.join((a, b))` or `&#39;%s%s&#39; % (a, b)`.

Is it good practice to use `+` to concatenate two strings? Or is there a problem I&#39;m not aware of?

Any reason not to use &#39;+&#39; to concatenate two strings?

I want to use matplotlib to illustrate the definite integral between two regions: x_0, and x_1. 

How can I shade a region under a curve in matplotlib from x=-1, to x=1 given the following plot


    import numpy as np
    from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
    def f(t):
        return t * t

    t = np.arange(-4,4,1/40.)
    plt.plot(t,f(t))


How to shade region under the curve in matplotlib

Say I have a list `x` with unkown length from which I want to randomly pop one element so that the list does not contain the element afterwards. What is the most pythonic way to do this?

I can do it using a rather unhandy combincation of `pop`, `random.randint`, and `len`, and would like to see shorter or nicer solutions:

    import random
    x = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
    x.pop(random.randint(0,len(x)-1))

 What I am trying to achieve is consecutively pop random elements from a list. (i.e., randomly pop one element and move it to a dictionary, randomly pop another element and move it to another dictionary, ...)


Note that I am using Python 2.6 and did not find any solutions via the search function.

What is the most pythonic way to pop a random element from a list?

What would be the best way to see if the current time lies between say `10:30 AM` and `4:30 PM`. 

I could think of the following, not sure how correct:

    from datetime import datetime
    nw = datetime.now()
    hrs = nw.hour;mins = nw.minute;secs = nw.second;
    zero = timedelta(seconds = secs+mins*60+hrs*3600)
    st = nw - zero # this take me to 0 hours. 
    time1 = st + timedelta(seconds=10*3600+30*60) # this gives 10:30 AM
    time2 = st + timedelta(seconds=16*3600+30*60)  # this gives 4:30 PM
    if nw&gt;= time1 or nw &lt;= time2:
        print &quot;yes, within the interval&quot;


Please let me know if this the correct approach, can something better be written?

How do I determine if current time is within a specified range using Python&#39;s datetime module?

How do you get your template/view to recognize whether or not a logged in user is a super user or not? 

There are certain buttons on my forms (in the template) that I want completely hidden if the user is not a super-user

How would you go about doing that?

Django: Hide button in template, if user is not super-user

I&#39;m writing tests in my django project. For now, I have two database connections:
    
    (settings.py)
    DATABASES = {
        &#39;default&#39;: {
            &#39;ENGINE&#39;: &#39;django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2&#39;,
            &#39;NAME&#39;: &#39;db_name&#39;
            ...
        },
    }
and custom connection to MongoDB:

    import sys
    from pymongo import Connection
    from pymongo.errors import ConnectionFailure
    try:
        connection = Connection(host=&quot;localhost&quot;, port=27017)
        db = connection[&#39;db_name&#39;]
        print &quot;Connected successfully(Mongo, db_name)&quot;
    except ConnectionFailure, e:
        sys.stderr.write(&quot;Could not connect to MongoDB: %s&quot; % e)
        sys.exit(1)

 and I want to know when my project is running through

    python manage.py test myapp

Because when you run tests, django automatically create separate DB(with name like **test_db_name**), but in this case Mongo will still run with **db_name**. I tried:

    import sys
    from pymongo import Connection
    from pymongo.errors import ConnectionFailure
    from django.db import connections

    try:
        connection = Connection(host=&quot;localhost&quot;, port=27017)
        db_name = connections[&#39;default&#39;].settings_dict[&#39;NAME&#39;]
        db = connection[db_name]
        print &quot;Connected successfully(Mongo, %s)&quot; % (db_name,)
    except ConnectionFailure, e:
        sys.stderr.write(&quot;Could not connect to MongoDB: %s&quot; % e)
        sys.exit(1)

but it does not work

How to know current name of the database in Django?

I&#39;m learning python and Django coming from PHP. This is all really exciting, and I would love to use Bootstrap with Django to create sexy web pages.

As I understand it (I&#39;m following the Django tutorial on their website), Django uses &quot;apps&quot; which can be included in your `settings.py` file. I did a quick search and found several bootstrap-themed apps, but have no knowledge on how to pick the right one. Is there a standard app most people use? All I need are the `bootstrap.css` and `bootstrap.js` files. 

I&#39;m sure I could manually place them in my root, but I&#39;d enjoy an &quot;all inclusive&quot; setup within my Django install.

How can I use Bootstrap with Django?

I have a function as

    def getEvents(eid, request):
        ......

Now I want to write unit test for the above function separately (without calling the view). 
So how should I call the above in `TestCase`. Is it possible to create request ?





how to get request object in django unit testing?

    class Book(models.Model):
        title = models.CharField(..., null=True)
        type = models.CharField(...)
        author = models.CharField(...)

I have a simple class in models.py. In admin I would like to hide title of the book (in book details form) when type of the saved book is 1. 
How do this in a simplest way?

How to hide some fields in django-admin?

I&#39;m trying to write a Django query for widgets that are more than 5 hours old and I&#39;m a bit lost. The widget model has a `DateTimeField` that is populated with the creation time of the widget.

Django query datetime for objects older than 5 hours

I have a model something like this:

```python
class Task(models.Model):
    progress = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    estimated_days = models.PositiveIntegerField()
```

Now I would like to do a calculation `Sum(progress * estimated_days)` on the database level. Using Django Aggregation I can have the sum for each field but not the summation of multiplication of fields. 

Django Aggregation: Summation of Multiplication of two fields

Trying to get a query where the Activity record is stale in my Solr Index.
I want to check to see if the `Activity.updated` date in the database is greater than the `Activity.added_toSolr_date` for the same record.

    stale_activities_queryset = Activity.objects.filter(updated__gte = self.added_toSolr_date) 

Model

    class Activity(models.Model):
        # Last time entry / metric was updated in the Activity model database
        updated =  models.DateTimeField( verbose_name=&quot;CRUD date&quot;)
        # When it was added to Solr Index Date
        added_toSolr_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=&quot;Added to Solr Index Date&quot;)

I referenced Django Query docs:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/ref/models/querysets/
And unit tests for samples:
https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/tests/modeltests/or_lookups/tests.py

Also searched here on Stackoverflow.  All the examples use an entered date instead of comparing two date fields in the same model.



How to create a Django queryset filter comparing two date fields in the same model

I am trying to get the latest Django model object but cannot seem to succeed. 

Neither of these are working:

    obj = Model.objects.filter(testfield=12).latest()

&lt;!-- language: lang-python --&gt;

    obj = Model.objects.latest().filter(testfield=12)

Get the latest record with filter in Django

Is there a way to get the primary keys of the items you have created using the bulk_create feature in django 1.4+?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Finglish	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	lprsd	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to do a less than or equal to filter in Django queryset?

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Change cursor to hand when mouse goes over a row in table

I'm getting Key error in python

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