You can effectively remove scientific notation in printing with this code:

    options(scipen=999)

```r
format(99999999,scientific = FALSE)
```

gives 

```r
99999999
```

I also find `prettyNum(..., scientific = FALSE)` function useful for printing when I don&#39;t want trailing zeros. Note that these functions are useful for printing purposes, i.e. the output of these functions are strings, not numbers. 

```
p_value &lt;- c(2.45496e-5, 3e-17, 5.002e-5, 0.3, 123456789.123456789)
format(p_value, scientific = FALSE)
#&gt; [1] &quot;        0.00002454960000000&quot; &quot;        0.00000000000000003&quot;
#&gt; [3] &quot;        0.00005002000000000&quot; &quot;        0.29999999999999999&quot;
#&gt; [5] &quot;123456789.12345679104328156&quot;


format(p_value, scientific = FALSE, drop0trailing = TRUE)
#&gt; [1] &quot;        0.0000245496&quot;        &quot;        0.00000000000000003&quot;
#&gt; [3] &quot;        0.00005002&quot;          &quot;        0.29999999999999999&quot;
#&gt; [5] &quot;123456789.12345679104328156&quot;


# Please note that the last number&#39;s last two digits are rounded:
prettyNum(p_value, scientific = FALSE, digits = 16)
#&gt; [1] &quot;0.0000245496&quot;        &quot;0.00000000000000003&quot; &quot;0.00005002&quot;         
#&gt; [4] &quot;0.3&quot;                 &quot;123456789.1234568&quot;

```


I found out that some classes use the `[Serializable]` attribute.

 - What is it?   
 - When should I use it?   
 - What kinds of benefits will I get?  


What is [Serializable] and when should I use it?

I would like to show a div when someone hovers over an `&lt;a&gt;` element, but I would like to do this in CSS and not JavaScript. Do you know how this can be achieved?

Using only CSS, show div on hover over another element

I have a dataframe with a column of p-values and I want to make a selection on these p-values. 

    &gt; pvalues_anova
    [1] 9.693919e-01 9.781728e-01 9.918415e-01 9.716883e-01 1.667183e-02
    [6] 9.952762e-02 5.386854e-01 9.997699e-01 8.714044e-01 7.211856e-01
    [11] 9.536330e-01 9.239667e-01 9.645590e-01 9.478572e-01 6.243775e-01
    [16] 5.608563e-01 1.371190e-04 9.601970e-01 9.988648e-01 9.698365e-01
    [21] 2.795891e-06 1.290176e-01 7.125751e-01 5.193604e-01 4.835312e-04

Selection way:

    anovatest&lt;- results[ - which(results$pvalues_anova &lt; 0.8) ,]

The function works really fine if I use it in R. But if I run it in another application (galaxy), the numbers which don&#39;t have `e-01` e.g. `4.835312e-04` are not thrown out.

Is there another way to notate p-values, like `0.0004835312` instead of `4.835312e-04`?


How to disable scientific notation?

I have a dataframe with a column of p-values and I want to make a selection on these p-values.
<pre><code class="hljs language-csharp">> pvalues_anova
[1] 9.693919e-01 9.781728e-01 9.918415e-01 9.716883e-01 1.667183e-02
[6] 9.952762e-02 5.386854e-01 9.997699e-01 8.714044e-01 7.211856e-01
[11] 9.536330e-01 9.239667e-01 9.645590e-01 9.478572e-01 6.243775e-01
[16] 5.608563e-01 1.371190e-04 9.601970e-01 9.988648e-01 9.698365e-01
[21] 2.795891e-06 1.290176e-01 7.125751e-01 5.193604e-01 4.835312e-04
</code></pre>
Selection way:
<pre><code class="hljs language-bash">anovatest&#x3C;- results[ - which(results$pvalues_anova &#x3C; 0.8) ,]
</code></pre>
The function works really fine if I use it in R. But if I run it in another application (galaxy), the numbers which don't have <code>e-01</code> e.g. <code>4.835312e-04</code> are not thrown out.
Is there another way to notate p-values, like <code>0.0004835312</code> instead of <code>4.835312e-04</code>?

Even though I found Hadley&#39;s post in the google group on `POSIXct` and `geom_vline`, I could not get it done. I have a time series from and would like to draw a vertical line for years 1998, 2005 and 2010 for example. I tried with `ggplot` and `qplot` syntax, but still I either see no vertical line at all or the vertical line is drawn at the very first vertical grid and the whole series is shifted somewhat strangely to the right.

    gg &lt;- ggplot(data=mydata,aes(y=somevalues,x=datefield,color=category)) +
          layer(geom=&quot;line&quot;)
    gg + geom_vline(xintercept=mydata$datefield[120],linetype=4)
    # returns just the time series plot I had before, 
    # interestingly the legend contains dotted vertical lines

My date field has format &quot;1993-07-01&quot; and is of class `Date`.

How to get a vertical geom_vline to an x-axis of class date?

In R with a matrix:

         one two three four
     [1,]   1   6    11   16
     [2,]   2   7    12   17
     [3,]   3   8    11   18
     [4,]   4   9    11   19
     [5,]   5  10    15   20

I want to extract the submatrix whose rows have column three = 11. That is:

          one two three four
     [1,]   1   6    11   16
     [3,]   3   8    11   18
     [4,]   4   9    11   19

I want to do this without looping. I am new to R so this is probably very obvious but the
documentation is often somewhat terse.


Select rows of a matrix that meet a condition

I have a large file with a variable `state` that has full state names. I would like to replace it with the state abbreviations (that is &quot;NY&quot; for &quot;New York&quot;). Is there an easy way to do this (apart from using several if-else commands)? May be using `replace()` statement?

State name to abbreviation

there are some informative posts on how to create a counter for loops in an R program.  However, how do you create a similar function when using the parallelized version with &quot;foreach()&quot;?


How do you create a progress bar when using the &quot;foreach()&quot; function in R?

OK, I admit this one is a bit uptight (read: &quot;stupid&quot;), and I assume it&#39;s quite easy too. I&#39;m writing a report and I want to use `xtable` package for LaTeX table generation (note that `memisc` package does the job, but say I want to do this solely with `xtable`).

Let&#39;s use standard `mtcars` dataset and `reshape` package:

    mdtf &lt;- melt(mtcars, id.vars = c(&quot;am&quot;, &quot;cyl&quot;), measure.vars = c(&quot;mpg&quot;, &quot;hp&quot;, &quot;wt&quot;))
    ( res &lt;- cast(mdtf, am + cyl ~ variable, mean) )
      am cyl      mpg        hp       wt
    1  0   4 22.90000  84.66667 2.935000
    2  0   6 19.12500 115.25000 3.388750
    3  0   8 15.05000 194.16667 4.104083
    4  1   4 28.07500  81.87500 2.042250
    5  1   6 20.56667 131.66667 2.755000
    6  1   8 15.40000 299.50000 3.370000

If I wrap this inside `xtable`, I&#39;ll get row names (1..6):

    xtable(res)
    % latex table generated in R 2.13.0 by xtable 1.5-6 package
    % Fri Mar 25 09:40:12 2011
    \begin{table}[ht]
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{rrrrrr}
      \hline
     &amp; am &amp; cyl &amp; mpg &amp; hp &amp; wt \\ 
      \hline
    1 &amp; 0.00 &amp; 4.00 &amp; 22.90 &amp; 84.67 &amp; 2.94 \\ 
      2 &amp; 0.00 &amp; 6.00 &amp; 19.12 &amp; 115.25 &amp; 3.39 \\ 
      3 &amp; 0.00 &amp; 8.00 &amp; 15.05 &amp; 194.17 &amp; 4.10 \\ 
      4 &amp; 1.00 &amp; 4.00 &amp; 28.07 &amp; 81.88 &amp; 2.04 \\ 
      5 &amp; 1.00 &amp; 6.00 &amp; 20.57 &amp; 131.67 &amp; 2.75 \\ 
      6 &amp; 1.00 &amp; 8.00 &amp; 15.40 &amp; 299.50 &amp; 3.37 \\ 
       \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \end{center}
    \end{table}

Now, is there any chance that I can avoid this (in one-liner, if possible)?

Remove data.frame row names when using xtable

I have a few ImageViews inside a LinearLayout.  I need to scale down the ImageViews so that they maintain their aspect ratios whilst fitting inside the LinearLayout vertically.  Horizontally, I just need them to be adjacent to each other.

I&#39;ve made a simplified test bed for this which nests weighted Layouts so that I have a wide, but not very tall, LinearLayout for the ImageViews -


    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt;
    &lt;LinearLayout xmlns:android=&quot;http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android&quot; android:orientation=&quot;vertical&quot; android:layout_width=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_height=&quot;fill_parent&quot;&gt;
        &lt;LinearLayout android:id=&quot;@+id/linearLayout1&quot; android:layout_width=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_height=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_weight=&quot;5&quot;&gt;
            &lt;LinearLayout android:id=&quot;@+id/linearLayout3&quot; android:layout_height=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_width=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_weight=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
                &lt;ImageView android:id=&quot;@+id/imageView1&quot; android:layout_height=&quot;wrap_content&quot; android:layout_width=&quot;wrap_content&quot; android:src=&quot;@drawable/test_image&quot; android:scaleType=&quot;fitStart&quot;&gt;&lt;/ImageView&gt;
                &lt;ImageView android:id=&quot;@+id/imageView2&quot; android:layout_height=&quot;wrap_content&quot; android:layout_width=&quot;wrap_content&quot; android:src=&quot;@drawable/test_image&quot; android:scaleType=&quot;fitStart&quot;&gt;&lt;/ImageView&gt;
            &lt;/LinearLayout&gt;
            &lt;LinearLayout android:id=&quot;@+id/linearLayout4&quot; android:layout_height=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_width=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_weight=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/LinearLayout&gt;
        &lt;/LinearLayout&gt;
        &lt;LinearLayout android:id=&quot;@+id/linearLayout2&quot; android:layout_width=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_height=&quot;fill_parent&quot; android:layout_weight=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/LinearLayout&gt;
    &lt;/LinearLayout&gt;

(In the Eclipse layout editor the images are clipped vertically and not scaled at all - but that&#39;s just one of those idiosyncrasies that we learn to love)

When run on hardware the images are scaled to the correct height whilst preserving their aspect ratio.  My problem is that they are not next to each other.  The height of each ImageView correctly matches the height of the LinearLayout.  The width of each ImageView is the width of the unscaled image - the actual scaled down images appearing at the left side of their ImageViews.  Because of this, I&#39;m getting a large gap between the images.

Ideally I would like to manage this through XML though, if this is not possible, I understand that using a custom view may be the best solution.

I tried creating an IconView (extends ImageView) class which overrides onMeasure so that I could create image views of the necessary size by scaling the width depending on the height.  But the parentWidth and parentHeight being passed into the function were the dimensions of the screen and not of the LinearLayout container.

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
      int parentWidth = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
      int parentHeight = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
      // Calculations followed by calls to setMeasuredDimension, setLayoutParams
      super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    }

So my questions are -

1) Can I amend the XML in some way to make it do what I need?

2) How do I make my custom class get the height of the LinearLayout so that I can calculate the necessary width for the custom images?

Thanks if you&#39;ve managed to read this far.  Even more thanks if you can point me in the direction of a solution!





Android ImageView size not scaling with source image

I&#39;ve got GregorianCalendar instances and need to use SimpleDateFormat (or maybe something that can be used with calendar but that provides required #fromat() feature) to get needed output. Please, suggest work arounds as good as permanent solutions. 

How can I utilize SimpleDateFormat with Calendar?

I would like to display Yes/No in different languages according to some boolean variable.  
Is there a generic way to format it according to the locale passed to it?  
If there isn&#39;t, what is the standard way to format a boolean besides `boolVar ? Resources.Yes : Resources.No`.  
I&#39;m guessing that `boolVar.ToString(IFormatProvider)` is involved.  
Is my assumption correct?

How to generically format a boolean to a Yes/No string?

I need to create a string of hex digits from a list of random integers (0-255). Each hex digit should be represented by two characters: 5 - &quot;05&quot;, 16 - &quot;10&quot;, etc.
 
Example:

&gt;     Input: [0,1,2,3,127,200,255], 
&gt;     Output: 000102037fc8ff

I&#39;ve managed to come up with:

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    
    def format_me(nums):
        result = &quot;&quot;
        for i in nums:
            if i &lt;= 9:
                result += &quot;0%x&quot; % i
            else:
                result += &quot;%x&quot; % i
        return result
    
    print format_me([0,1,2,3,127,200,255])

However, this looks a bit awkward. Is there a simpler way?

Format ints into string of hex

I want to convert a `java.util.Date` object to a `String` in Java.

The format is `2010-05-30 22:15:52` 

Convert java.util.Date to String

How can I display this:

Decimal(&#39;40800000000.00000000000000&#39;) as &#39;4.08E+10&#39;?

I&#39;ve tried this:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; &#39;%E&#39; % Decimal(&#39;40800000000.00000000000000&#39;)
    &#39;4.080000E+10&#39;

But it has those extra 0&#39;s.



Display a decimal in scientific notation

Can I force R to use regular numbers instead of using the `e+10`-like notation? I have:

    1.810032e+09
    # and 
    4

within the same vector and want to see: 

    1810032000
    # and
    4

I am creating output for an old fashioned program and I have to write a text file using `cat`. 
That works fine so far but I simply can&#39;t use the `e+10` notation there.



Force R not to use exponential notation (e.g. e+10)?

I have a nested Python list that looks like the following:

    my_list = [[3.74, 5162, 13683628846.64, 12783387559.86, 1.81],
     [9.55, 116, 189688622.37, 260332262.0, 1.97],
     [2.2, 768, 6004865.13, 5759960.98, 1.21],
     [3.74, 4062, 3263822121.39, 3066869087.9, 1.93],
     [1.91, 474, 44555062.72, 44555062.72, 0.41],
     [5.8, 5006, 8254968918.1, 7446788272.74, 3.25],
     [4.5, 7887, 30078971595.46, 27814989471.31, 2.18],
     [7.03, 116, 66252511.46, 81109291.0, 1.56],
     [6.52, 116, 47674230.76, 57686991.0, 1.43],
     [1.85, 623, 3002631.96, 2899484.08, 0.64],
     [13.76, 1227, 1737874137.5, 1446511574.32, 4.32],
     [13.76, 1227, 1737874137.5, 1446511574.32, 4.32]]

I then import Numpy, and set print options to `(suppress=True)`. When I create an array:

    my_array = numpy.array(my_list)

I can&#39;t for the life of me suppress scientific notation:

    [[  3.74000000e+00   5.16200000e+03   1.36836288e+10   1.27833876e+10
        1.81000000e+00]
     [  9.55000000e+00   1.16000000e+02   1.89688622e+08   2.60332262e+08
        1.97000000e+00]
     [  2.20000000e+00   7.68000000e+02   6.00486513e+06   5.75996098e+06
        1.21000000e+00]
     [  3.74000000e+00   4.06200000e+03   3.26382212e+09   3.06686909e+09
        1.93000000e+00]
     [  1.91000000e+00   4.74000000e+02   4.45550627e+07   4.45550627e+07
        4.10000000e-01]
     [  5.80000000e+00   5.00600000e+03   8.25496892e+09   7.44678827e+09
        3.25000000e+00]
     [  4.50000000e+00   7.88700000e+03   3.00789716e+10   2.78149895e+10
        2.18000000e+00]
     [  7.03000000e+00   1.16000000e+02   6.62525115e+07   8.11092910e+07
        1.56000000e+00]
     [  6.52000000e+00   1.16000000e+02   4.76742308e+07   5.76869910e+07
        1.43000000e+00]
     [  1.85000000e+00   6.23000000e+02   3.00263196e+06   2.89948408e+06
        6.40000000e-01]
     [  1.37600000e+01   1.22700000e+03   1.73787414e+09   1.44651157e+09
        4.32000000e+00]
     [  1.37600000e+01   1.22700000e+03   1.73787414e+09   1.44651157e+09
        4.32000000e+00]]

 If I create a simple numpy array directly:

    new_array = numpy.array([1.5, 4.65, 7.845])

I have no problem and it prints as follows:

    [ 1.5    4.65   7.845]

Does anyone know what my problem is?






Suppress Scientific Notation in Numpy When Creating Array From Nested List

How can one modify the format for the output from a groupby operation in pandas that produces scientific notation for very large numbers? 

I know how to do string formatting in python but I&#39;m at a loss when it comes to applying it here. 

    df1.groupby(&#39;dept&#39;)[&#39;data1&#39;].sum()

    dept
    value1       1.192433e+08
    value2       1.293066e+08
    value3       1.077142e+08

This suppresses the scientific notation if I convert to string but now I&#39;m just wondering how to string format and add decimals. 

    sum_sales_dept.astype(str)

Format / Suppress Scientific Notation from Pandas Aggregation Results

I would like to have consistent output for a particular R script. In this case, I would like all numeric output to be in scientific notation with exactly two decimal places.

Examples:

    0.05 --&gt; 5.00e-02
    0.05671 --&gt; 5.67e-02
    0.000000027 --&gt; 2.70e-08

I tried using the following options:

    options(scipen = 1)
    options(digits = 2)

This gave me the results:

    0.05 --&gt; 0.05
    0.05671 --&gt; 0.057
    0.000000027 --&gt; 2.7e-08

I obtained the same results when I tried:

    options(scipen = 0)
    options(digits = 2)

Thank you for any advice.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Samantha	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - R	Sacha Epskamp	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - R	Peter	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - R	HBat	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to disable scientific notation?

R Problem Overview

R Solutions

Solution 1 - R

Solution 2 - R

Solution 3 - R

Using only CSS, show div on hover over another element

What is [Serializable] and when should I use it?

Attributions