How to determine SSL cert expiration date from a PEM encoded certificate?

If I have the actual file and a Bash shell in Mac or Linux, how can I query the cert file for when it will expire? Not a web site, but actually the certificate file itself, assuming I have the csr, key, pem and chain files.

With openssl:

openssl x509 -enddate -noout -in file.pem

The output is on the form:

notAfter=Nov  3 22:23:50 2014 GMT

Also see MikeW's answer for how to easily check whether the certificate has expired or not, or whether it will within a certain time period, without having to parse the date above.

If you just want to know whether the certificate has expired (or will do so within the next N seconds), the -checkend <seconds> option to openssl x509 will tell you:

if openssl x509 -checkend 86400 -noout -in file.pem
then
  echo "Certificate is good for another day!"
else
  echo "Certificate has expired or will do so within 24 hours!"
  echo "(or is invalid/not found)"
fi

This saves having to do date/time comparisons yourself.

openssl will return an exit code of 0 (zero) if the certificate has not expired and will not do so for the next 86400 seconds, in the example above. If the certificate will have expired or has already done so - or some other error like an invalid/nonexistent file - the return code is 1.

(Of course, it assumes the time/date is set correctly)

Be aware that older versions of openssl have a bug which means if the time specified in checkend is too large, 0 will always be returned (https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/6180).

Here's my bash command line to list multiple certificates in order of their expiration, most recently expiring first.

for pem in /etc/ssl/certs/*.pem; do 
   printf '%s: %s\n' \
      "$(date --date="$(openssl x509 -enddate -noout -in "$pem"|cut -d= -f 2)" --iso-8601)" \
      "$pem"
done | sort

Sample output:

2015-12-16: /etc/ssl/certs/Staat_der_Nederlanden_Root_CA.pem
2016-03-22: /etc/ssl/certs/CA_Disig.pem
2016-08-14: /etc/ssl/certs/EBG_Elektronik_Sertifika_Hizmet_S.pem

Here's a bash function which checks all your servers, assuming you're using DNS round-robin. Note that this requires GNU date and won't work on Mac OS

function check_certs () {
  if [ -z "$1" ]
  then
    echo "domain name missing"
    exit 1
  fi
  name="$1"
  shift

  now_epoch=$( date +%s )

  dig +noall +answer $name | while read _ _ _ _ ip;
  do
    echo -n "$ip:"
    expiry_date=$( echo | openssl s_client -showcerts -servername $name -connect $ip:443 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -inform pem -noout -enddate | cut -d "=" -f 2 )
    echo -n " $expiry_date";
    expiry_epoch=$( date -d "$expiry_date" +%s )
    expiry_days="$(( ($expiry_epoch - $now_epoch) / (3600 * 24) ))"
    echo "    $expiry_days days"
  done
}

Output example:

$ check_certs stackoverflow.com
151.101.1.69: Aug 14 12:00:00 2019 GMT    603 days
151.101.65.69: Aug 14 12:00:00 2019 GMT    603 days
151.101.129.69: Aug 14 12:00:00 2019 GMT    603 days
151.101.193.69: Aug 14 12:00:00 2019 GMT    603 days

Command:

# cat {key_name} | openssl x509 -noout -enddate
Example: # cat tower.cert | openssl x509 -noout -enddate

Result:

notAfter=Dec  7 04:03:32 2023 GMT

Same as accepted answer, But note that it works even with .crt file and not just .pem file, just in case if you are not able to find .pem file location.

openssl x509 -enddate -noout -in e71c8ea7fa97ad6c.crt

Result:

notAfter=Mar 29 06:15:00 2020 GMT

One line checking on true/false if cert of domain will be expired in some time later(ex. 15 days):

openssl x509 -checkend $(( 24*3600*15 )) -noout -in <(openssl s_client -showcerts -connect my.domain.com:443 </dev/null 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -outform PEM)
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  echo 'good'
else
  echo 'bad'
fi

For MAC OSX (El Capitan) This modification of Nicholas' example worked for me.

for pem in /path/to/certs/*.pem; do
    printf '%s: %s\n' \
        "$(date -jf "%b %e %H:%M:%S %Y %Z" "$(openssl x509 -enddate -noout -in "$pem"|cut -d= -f 2)" +"%Y-%m-%d")" \
    "$pem";
done | sort

Sample Output:

2014-12-19: /path/to/certs/MDM_Certificate.pem
2015-11-13: /path/to/certs/MDM_AirWatch_Certificate.pem

macOS didn't like the --date= or --iso-8601 flags on my system.

If (for some reason) you want to use a GUI application in Linux, use gcr-viewer (in most distributions it is installed by the package gcr (otherwise in package gcr-viewer))

gcr-viewer file.pem
# or
gcr-viewer file.crt

I have made a bash script related to the same to check if the certificate is expired or not. You can use the same if required.

Script

https://github.com/zeeshanjamal16/usefulScripts/blob/master/sslCertificateExpireCheck.sh

ReadMe

https://github.com/zeeshanjamal16/usefulScripts/blob/master/README.md