How to detect SSE/SSE2/AVX/AVX2/AVX-512/AVX-128-FMA/KCVI availability at compile-time?

I'm trying to optimize some matrix computations and I was wondering if it was possible to detect at compile-time if SSE/SSE2/AVX/AVX2/AVX-512/AVX-128-FMA/KCVI^[1] is enabled by the compiler ? Ideally for GCC and Clang, but I can manage with only one of them.

I'm not sure it is possible and perhaps I will use my own macro, but I'd prefer detecting it rather and asking the user to select it.

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^[1] "KCVI" stands for Knights Corner Vector Instruction optimizations. Libraries like FFTW detect/utilize these newer instruction optimizations.

Most compilers will automatically define:

__SSE__
__SSE2__
__SSE3__
__AVX__
__AVX2__

etc, according to whatever command line switches you are passing. You can easily check this with gcc (or gcc-compatible compilers such as clang), like this:

$ gcc -msse3 -dM -E - < /dev/null | egrep "SSE|AVX" | sort
#define __SSE__ 1
#define __SSE2__ 1
#define __SSE2_MATH__ 1
#define __SSE3__ 1
#define __SSE_MATH__ 1

or:

$ gcc -mavx2 -dM -E - < /dev/null | egrep "SSE|AVX" | sort
#define __AVX__ 1
#define __AVX2__ 1
#define __SSE__ 1
#define __SSE2__ 1
#define __SSE2_MATH__ 1
#define __SSE3__ 1
#define __SSE4_1__ 1
#define __SSE4_2__ 1
#define __SSE_MATH__ 1
#define __SSSE3__ 1

or to just check the pre-defined macros for a default build on your particular platform:

$ gcc -dM -E - < /dev/null | egrep "SSE|AVX" | sort
#define __SSE2_MATH__ 1
#define __SSE2__ 1
#define __SSE3__ 1
#define __SSE_MATH__ 1
#define __SSE__ 1
#define __SSSE3__ 1

More recent Intel processors support AVX-512, which is not a monolithic instruction set. One can see the support available from GCC (version 6.2) for two examples below.

Here is Knights Landing:

$ gcc -march=knl -dM -E - < /dev/null | egrep "SSE|AVX" | sort
#define __AVX__ 1
#define __AVX2__ 1
#define __AVX512CD__ 1
#define __AVX512ER__ 1
#define __AVX512F__ 1
#define __AVX512PF__ 1
#define __SSE__ 1
#define __SSE2__ 1
#define __SSE2_MATH__ 1
#define __SSE3__ 1
#define __SSE4_1__ 1
#define __SSE4_2__ 1
#define __SSE_MATH__ 1
#define __SSSE3__ 1

Here is Skylake AVX-512:

$ gcc -march=skylake-avx512 -dM -E - < /dev/null | egrep "SSE|AVX" | sort
#define __AVX__ 1
#define __AVX2__ 1
#define __AVX512BW__ 1
#define __AVX512CD__ 1
#define __AVX512DQ__ 1
#define __AVX512F__ 1
#define __AVX512VL__ 1
#define __SSE__ 1
#define __SSE2__ 1
#define __SSE2_MATH__ 1
#define __SSE3__ 1
#define __SSE4_1__ 1
#define __SSE4_2__ 1
#define __SSE_MATH__ 1
#define __SSSE3__ 1

Intel has disclosed additional AVX-512 subsets (see ISA extensions). GCC (version 7) supports compiler flags and preprocessor symbols associated with the 4FMAPS, 4VNNIW, IFMA, VBMI and VPOPCNTDQ subsets of AVX-512:

for i in 4fmaps 4vnniw ifma vbmi vpopcntdq ; do echo "==== $i ====" ; gcc -mavx512$i -dM -E - < /dev/null | egrep "AVX512" | sort ; done
==== 4fmaps ====
#define __AVX5124FMAPS__ 1
#define __AVX512F__ 1
==== 4vnniw ====
#define __AVX5124VNNIW__ 1
#define __AVX512F__ 1
==== ifma ====
#define __AVX512F__ 1
#define __AVX512IFMA__ 1
==== vbmi ====
#define __AVX512BW__ 1
#define __AVX512F__ 1
#define __AVX512VBMI__ 1
==== vpopcntdq ====
#define __AVX512F__ 1
#define __AVX512VPOPCNTDQ__ 1

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Note that the SSE macros won't work with Visual C++. You have to use _M_IX86_FP instead.

Take a look at archspec, a library which was built exactly for this purpose: https://github.com/archspec/archspec