How to create websockets server in PHP

Php Problem Overview

I am looking for a simple code to create a WebSocket server. I found phpwebsockets but it is outdated now and doesn't support the newest protocol. I tried updating it myself but it doesn't seem to work.

#!/php -q
<?php  /*  >php -q server.php  */

error_reporting(E_ALL);
set_time_limit(0);
ob_implicit_flush();

$master  = WebSocket("localhost",12345);
$sockets = array($master);
$users   = array();
$debug   = false;

while(true){
  $changed = $sockets;
  socket_select($changed,$write=NULL,$except=NULL,NULL);
  foreach($changed as $socket){
	if($socket==$master){
	  $client=socket_accept($master);
	  if($client<0){ console("socket_accept() failed"); continue; }
	  else{ connect($client); }
	}
	else{
	  $bytes = @socket_recv($socket,$buffer,2048,0);
	  if($bytes==0){ disconnect($socket); }
	  else{
		$user = getuserbysocket($socket);
		if(!$user->handshake){ dohandshake($user,$buffer); }
		else{ process($user,$buffer); }
	  }
	}
  }
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------
function process($user,$msg){
  $action = unwrap($msg);
  say("< ".$action);
  switch($action){
	case "hello" : send($user->socket,"hello human");                       break;
	case "hi"    : send($user->socket,"zup human");                         break;
	case "name"  : send($user->socket,"my name is Multivac, silly I know"); break;
	case "age"   : send($user->socket,"I am older than time itself");       break;
	case "date"  : send($user->socket,"today is ".date("Y.m.d"));           break;
	case "time"  : send($user->socket,"server time is ".date("H:i:s"));     break;
	case "thanks": send($user->socket,"you're welcome");                    break;
	case "bye"   : send($user->socket,"bye");                               break;
	default      : send($user->socket,$action." not understood");           break;
  }
}

function send($client,$msg){
  say("> ".$msg);
  $msg = wrap($msg);
  socket_write($client,$msg,strlen($msg));
}

function WebSocket($address,$port){
  $master=socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP)     or die("socket_create() failed");
  socket_set_option($master, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1)  or die("socket_option() failed");
  socket_bind($master, $address, $port)                    or die("socket_bind() failed");
  socket_listen($master,20)                                or die("socket_listen() failed");
  echo "Server Started : ".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."\n";
  echo "Master socket  : ".$master."\n";
  echo "Listening on   : ".$address." port ".$port."\n\n";
  return $master;
}

function connect($socket){
  global $sockets,$users;
  $user = new User();
  $user->id = uniqid();
  $user->socket = $socket;
  array_push($users,$user);
  array_push($sockets,$socket);
  console($socket." CONNECTED!");
}

function disconnect($socket){
  global $sockets,$users;
  $found=null;
  $n=count($users);
  for($i=0;$i<$n;$i++){
	if($users[$i]->socket==$socket){ $found=$i; break; }
  }
  if(!is_null($found)){ array_splice($users,$found,1); }
  $index = array_search($socket,$sockets);
  socket_close($socket);
  console($socket." DISCONNECTED!");
  if($index>=0){ array_splice($sockets,$index,1); }
}

function dohandshake($user,$buffer){
  console("\nRequesting handshake...");
  console($buffer);
  //list($resource,$host,$origin,$strkey1,$strkey2,$data) 
  list($resource,$host,$u,$c,$key,$protocol,$version,$origin,$data) = getheaders($buffer);
  console("Handshaking...");

	$acceptkey = base64_encode(sha1($key . "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11",true));
  $upgrade  = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nSec-WebSocket-Accept: $acceptkey\r\n";

  socket_write($user->socket,$upgrade,strlen($upgrade));
  $user->handshake=true;
  console($upgrade);
  console("Done handshaking...");
  return true;
}

function getheaders($req){
	$r=$h=$u=$c=$key=$protocol=$version=$o=$data=null;
	if(preg_match("/GET (.*) HTTP/"   ,$req,$match)){ $r=$match[1]; }
	if(preg_match("/Host: (.*)\r\n/"  ,$req,$match)){ $h=$match[1]; }
	if(preg_match("/Upgrade: (.*)\r\n/",$req,$match)){ $u=$match[1]; }
	if(preg_match("/Connection: (.*)\r\n/",$req,$match)){ $c=$match[1]; }
	if(preg_match("/Sec-WebSocket-Key: (.*)\r\n/",$req,$match)){ $key=$match[1]; }
	if(preg_match("/Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: (.*)\r\n/",$req,$match)){ $protocol=$match[1]; }
	if(preg_match("/Sec-WebSocket-Version: (.*)\r\n/",$req,$match)){ $version=$match[1]; }
	if(preg_match("/Origin: (.*)\r\n/",$req,$match)){ $o=$match[1]; }
	if(preg_match("/\r\n(.*?)\$/",$req,$match)){ $data=$match[1]; }
	return array($r,$h,$u,$c,$key,$protocol,$version,$o,$data);
}

function getuserbysocket($socket){
  global $users;
  $found=null;
  foreach($users as $user){
	if($user->socket==$socket){ $found=$user; break; }
  }
  return $found;
}

function     say($msg=""){ echo $msg."\n"; }
function    wrap($msg=""){ return chr(0).$msg.chr(255); }
function  unwrap($msg=""){ return substr($msg,1,strlen($msg)-2); }
function console($msg=""){ global $debug; if($debug){ echo $msg."\n"; } }

class User{
  var $id;
  var $socket;
  var $handshake;
}

?>

and the client:

var connection = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:12345');
connection.onopen = function () {
  connection.send('Ping'); // Send the message 'Ping' to the server
};

// Log errors
connection.onerror = function (error) {
  console.log('WebSocket Error ' + error);
};

// Log messages from the server
connection.onmessage = function (e) {
  console.log('Server: ' + e.data);
};

If there is anything wrong in my code can you help me fix it? Console in Firefox says:

>Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at ws://localhost:12345/.

Php Solutions

Solution 1 - Php

I was in the same boat as you recently, and here is what I did:

I used the phpwebsockets code as a reference for how to structure the server-side code. (You seem to already be doing this, and as you noted, the code doesn't actually work for a variety of reasons.)
I used PHP.net to read the details about every socket function used in the phpwebsockets code. By doing this, I was finally able to understand how the whole system works conceptually. This was a pretty big hurdle.
I read the actual WebSocket draft. I had to read this thing a bunch of times before it finally started to sink in. You will likely have to go back to this document again and again throughout the process, as it is the one definitive resource with correct, up-to-date information about the WebSocket API.
I coded the proper handshake procedure based on the instructions in the draft in #3. This wasn't too bad.
I kept getting a bunch of garbled text sent from the clients to the server after the handshake and I couldn't figure out why until I realized that the data is encoded and must be unmasked. The following link helped me a lot here: (~~original link broken~~) Archived copy.

Please note that the code available at this link has a number of problems and won't work properly without further modification.
I then came across the following SO thread, which clearly explains how to properly encode and decode messages being sent back and forth: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8125507/how-can-i-send-and-receive-websocket-messages-on-the-server-side

This link was really helpful. I recommend consulting it while looking at the WebSocket draft. It'll help make more sense out of what the draft is saying.
I was almost done at this point, but had some issues with a WebRTC app I was making using WebSocket, so I ended up asking my own question on SO, which I eventually solved: https://stackoverflow.com/q/14425382/8112776
At this point, I pretty much had it all working. I just had to add some additional logic for handling the closing of connections, and I was done.

That process took me about two weeks total. The good news is that I understand WebSocket really well now and I was able to make my own client and server scripts from scratch that work great. Hopefully the culmination of all that information will give you enough guidance and information to code your own WebSocket PHP script.

Good luck!

Edit: This edit is a couple of years after my original answer, and while I do still have a working solution, it's not really ready for sharing. Luckily, someone else on GitHub has almost identical code to mine (but much cleaner), so I recommend using the following code for a working PHP WebSocket solution:
https://github.com/ghedipunk/PHP-Websockets/blob/master/websockets.php

Edit #2: While I still enjoy using PHP for a lot of server-side related things, I have to admit that I've really warmed up to Node.js a lot recently, and the main reason is because it's better designed from the ground up to handle WebSocket than PHP (or any other server-side language). As such, I've found recently that it's a lot easier to set up both Apache/PHP and Node.js on your server and use Node.js for running the WebSocket server and Apache/PHP for everything else. And in the case where you're on a shared hosting environment in which you can't install/use Node.js for WebSocket, you can use a free service like Heroku to set up a Node.js WebSocket server and make cross-domain requests to it from your server. Just make sure if you do that to set your WebSocket server up to be able to handle cross-origin requests.

Solution 2 - Php

As far as I'm aware Ratchet is the best PHP WebSocket solution available at the moment. And since it's open source you can see how the author has built this WebSocket solution using PHP.

Solution 3 - Php

I've searched the minimal solution possible to do PHP + WebSockets during hours, until I found this article:

Super simple PHP WebSocket example

It doesn't require any third-party library.

Here is how to do it: create a index.html containing this:

<html>
<body>
    <div id="root"></div>
    <script>
        var host = 'ws://<<<IP_OF_YOUR_SERVER>>>:12345/websockets.php';
        var socket = new WebSocket(host);
        socket.onmessage = function(e) {
            document.getElementById('root').innerHTML = e.data;
        };
    </script>
</body>
</html>

and open it in the browser, just after you have launched php websockets.php in the command-line (yes, it will be an event loop, constantly running PHP script), with this websockets.php file.

Solution 4 - Php

Need to convert the the key from hex to dec before base64_encoding and then send it for handshake.

$hashedKey = sha1($key. "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11",true);

$rawToken = "";
    for ($i = 0; $i < 20; $i++) {
      $rawToken .= chr(hexdec(substr($hashedKey,$i*2, 2)));
    }
$handshakeToken = base64_encode($rawToken) . "\r\n";

$handshakeResponse = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nSec-WebSocket-Accept: $handshakeToken\r\n";

Solution 5 - Php

I was in your shoes for a while and finally ended up using node.js, because it can do hybrid solutions like having web and socket server in one. So php backend can submit requests thru http to node web server and then broadcast it with websocket. Very efficiant way to go.

Solution 6 - Php

<?php

// server.php

$server = stream_socket_server("tcp://127.0.0.1:8001", $errno, $errorMessage);

if($server == false) {
    throw new Exception("Could not bind to socket: $errorMessage");

}

for(;;) {
    $client = @stream_socket_accept($server);

    if($client) {
        stream_copy_to_stream($client, $client);
        fclose($client);
    }
}

from one terminal run : php server.php

from another terminal run: echo "hello woerld" | nc 127.0.0.1 8002

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Dharman	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Php	HartleySan	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Php	leggetter	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Php	Basj	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Php	user2288650	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Php	M.Z.	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 6 - Php	Dipak Yadav	View Answer on Stackoverflow