How to convert file to base64 in JavaScript?
JavascriptBase64Javascript Problem Overview
UPD TypeScript version is also available in answers
Now I'm getting File object by this line:
file = document.querySelector('#files > input[type="file"]').files[0]
I need to send this file via json in base 64. What should I do to convert it to base64 string?
Javascript Solutions
Solution 1 - Javascript
Try the solution using the FileReader
class:
function getBase64(file) {
var reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = function () {
console.log(reader.result);
};
reader.onerror = function (error) {
console.log('Error: ', error);
};
}
var file = document.querySelector('#files > input[type="file"]').files[0];
getBase64(file); // prints the base64 string
Notice that .files[0]
is a File
type, which is a sublcass of Blob
. Thus it can be used with FileReader
.
See the complete working example.
Solution 2 - Javascript
Modern ES6 way (async/await)
const toBase64 = file => new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = () => resolve(reader.result);
reader.onerror = error => reject(error);
});
async function Main() {
const file = document.querySelector('#myfile').files[0];
console.log(await toBase64(file));
}
Main();
UPD:
If you want to catch errors
async function Main() {
const file = document.querySelector('#myfile').files[0];
try {
const result = await toBase64(file);
return result
} catch(error) {
console.error(error);
return;
}
//...
}
Solution 3 - Javascript
If you're after a promise-based solution, this is @Dmitri's code adapted for that:
function getBase64(file) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = () => resolve(reader.result);
reader.onerror = error => reject(error);
});
}
var file = document.querySelector('#files > input[type="file"]').files[0];
getBase64(file).then(
data => console.log(data)
);
Solution 4 - Javascript
Building up on Dmitri Pavlutin and joshua.paling answers, here's an extended version that extracts the base64 content (removes the metadata at the beginning) and also ensures padding is done correctly.
function getBase64(file) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = () => {
let encoded = reader.result.toString().replace(/^data:(.*,)?/, '');
if ((encoded.length % 4) > 0) {
encoded += '='.repeat(4 - (encoded.length % 4));
}
resolve(encoded);
};
reader.onerror = error => reject(error);
});
}
Solution 5 - Javascript
JavaScript btoa() function can be used to convert data into base64 encoded string
<div>
<div>
<label for="filePicker">Choose or drag a file:</label><br>
<input type="file" id="filePicker">
</div>
<br>
<div>
<h1>Base64 encoded version</h1>
<textarea id="base64textarea"
placeholder="Base64 will appear here"
cols="50" rows="15"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
var handleFileSelect = function(evt) {
var files = evt.target.files;
var file = files[0];
if (files && file) {
var reader = new FileReader();
reader.onload = function(readerEvt) {
var binaryString = readerEvt.target.result;
document.getElementById("base64textarea").value = btoa(binaryString);
};
reader.readAsBinaryString(file);
}
};
if (window.File && window.FileReader && window.FileList && window.Blob) {
document.getElementById('filePicker')
.addEventListener('change', handleFileSelect, false);
} else {
alert('The File APIs are not fully supported in this browser.');
}
Solution 6 - Javascript
TypeScript version
const file2Base64 = (file:File):Promise<string> => {
return new Promise<string> ((resolve,reject)=> {
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = () => resolve(reader.result?.toString() || '');
reader.onerror = error => reject(error);
})
}
Solution 7 - Javascript
Here are a couple functions I wrote to get a file in a json format which can be passed around easily:
//takes an array of JavaScript File objects
function getFiles(files) {
return Promise.all(files.map(file => getFile(file)));
}
//take a single JavaScript File object
function getFile(file) {
var reader = new FileReader();
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
reader.onerror = () => { reader.abort(); reject(new Error("Error parsing file"));}
reader.onload = function () {
//This will result in an array that will be recognized by C#.NET WebApi as a byte[]
let bytes = Array.from(new Uint8Array(this.result));
//if you want the base64encoded file you would use the below line:
let base64StringFile = btoa(bytes.map((item) => String.fromCharCode(item)).join(""));
//Resolve the promise with your custom file structure
resolve({
bytes: bytes,
base64StringFile: base64StringFile,
fileName: file.name,
fileType: file.type
});
}
reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file);
});
}
//using the functions with your file:
file = document.querySelector('#files > input[type="file"]').files[0]
getFile(file).then((customJsonFile) => {
//customJsonFile is your newly constructed file.
console.log(customJsonFile);
});
//if you are in an environment where async/await is supported
files = document.querySelector('#files > input[type="file"]').files
let customJsonFiles = await getFiles(files);
//customJsonFiles is an array of your custom files
console.log(customJsonFiles);
Solution 8 - Javascript
const fileInput = document.querySelector('input');
fileInput.addEventListener('change', (e) => {
// get a reference to the file
const file = e.target.files[0];
// encode the file using the FileReader API
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.onloadend = () => {
// use a regex to remove data url part
const base64String = reader.result
.replace('data:', '')
.replace(/^.+,/, '');
// log to console
// logs wL2dvYWwgbW9yZ...
console.log(base64String);
};
reader.readAsDataURL(file);});
Solution 9 - Javascript
onInputChange(evt) {
var tgt = evt.target || window.event.srcElement,
files = tgt.files;
if (FileReader && files && files.length) {
var fr = new FileReader();
fr.onload = function () {
var base64 = fr.result;
debugger;
}
fr.readAsDataURL(files[0]);
}
}
Solution 10 - Javascript
I have used this simple method and it's worked successfully
function uploadImage(e) {
var file = e.target.files[0];
let reader = new FileReader();
reader.onload = (e) => {
let image = e.target.result;
console.log(image);
};
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
}
Solution 11 - Javascript
Convert any file to base64 using this way -
_fileToBase64(file: File) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const reader = new FileReader();
reader.readAsDataURL(file);
reader.onload = () => resolve(reader.result.toString().substr(reader.result.toString().indexOf(',') + 1));
reader.onerror = error => reject(error);
});
}