How to convert a string with Unicode encoding to a string of letters
JavaUnicodeEncodingJava Problem Overview
I have a string with escaped Unicode characters, \uXXXX, and I want to convert it to regular Unicode letters. For example:
"\u0048\u0065\u006C\u006C\u006F World"
should become
"Hello World"
I know that when I print the first string it already shows Hello world. My problem is I read file names from a file, and then I search for them. The files names in the file are escaped with Unicode encoding, and when I search for the files, I can't find them, since it searches for a file with \uXXXX in its name.
Java Solutions
Solution 1 - Java
The Apache Commons Lang StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava() can decode it properly.
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils;
@Test
public void testUnescapeJava() {
String sJava="\\u0048\\u0065\\u006C\\u006C\\u006F";
System.out.println("StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava(sJava):\n" + StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava(sJava));
}
output:
StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava(sJava):
Hello
Solution 2 - Java
Technically doing:
String myString = "\u0048\u0065\u006C\u006C\u006F World";
automatically converts it to "Hello World", so I assume you are reading in the string from some file. In order to convert it to "Hello" you'll have to parse the text into the separate unicode digits, (take the \uXXXX and just get XXXX) then do Integer.ParseInt(XXXX, 16) to get a hex value and then case that to char to get the actual character.
Edit: Some code to accomplish this:
String str = myString.split(" ")[0];
str = str.replace("\\","");
String[] arr = str.split("u");
String text = "";
for(int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++){
int hexVal = Integer.parseInt(arr[i], 16);
text += (char)hexVal;
}
// Text will now have Hello
Solution 3 - Java
You can use StringEscapeUtils from Apache Commons Lang, i.e.:
String Title = StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava("\\u0048\\u0065\\u006C\\u006C\\u006F");
Solution 4 - Java
This simple method will work for most cases, but would trip up over something like "u005Cu005C" which should decode to the string "\u0048" but would actually decode "H" as the first pass produces "\u0048" as the working string which then gets processed again by the while loop.
static final String decode(final String in)
{
String working = in;
int index;
index = working.indexOf("\\u");
while(index > -1)
{
int length = working.length();
if(index > (length-6))break;
int numStart = index + 2;
int numFinish = numStart + 4;
String substring = working.substring(numStart, numFinish);
int number = Integer.parseInt(substring,16);
String stringStart = working.substring(0, index);
String stringEnd = working.substring(numFinish);
working = stringStart + ((char)number) + stringEnd;
index = working.indexOf("\\u");
}
return working;
}
Solution 5 - Java
Shorter version:
public static String unescapeJava(String escaped) {
if(escaped.indexOf("\\u")==-1)
return escaped;
String processed="";
int position=escaped.indexOf("\\u");
while(position!=-1) {
if(position!=0)
processed+=escaped.substring(0,position);
String token=escaped.substring(position+2,position+6);
escaped=escaped.substring(position+6);
processed+=(char)Integer.parseInt(token,16);
position=escaped.indexOf("\\u");
}
processed+=escaped;
return processed;
}
Solution 6 - Java
StringEscapeUtils from org.apache.commons.lang3 library is deprecated as of 3.6.
So you can use their new commons-text library instead:
compile 'org.apache.commons:commons-text:1.9'
OR
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
<version>1.9</version>
</dependency>
Example code:
org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava(escapedString);
Solution 7 - Java
It's not totally clear from your question, but I'm assuming you saying that you have a file where each line of that file is a filename. And each filename is something like this:
\u0048\u0065\u006C\u006C\u006F
In other words, the characters in the file of filenames are \, u, 0, 0, 4, 8 and so on.
If so, what you're seeing is expected. Java only translates \uXXXX sequences in string literals in source code (and when reading in stored Properties objects). When you read the contents you file you will have a string consisting of the characters \, u, 0, 0, 4, 8 and so on and not the string Hello.
So you will need to parse that string to extract the 0048, 0065, etc. pieces and then convert them to chars and make a string from those chars and then pass that string to the routine that opens the file.
Solution 8 - Java
Updates regarding answers suggesting using The Apache Commons Lang's: StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava() - it was deprecated,
>Deprecated. as of 3.6, use commons-text StringEscapeUtils instead
The replacement is Apache Commons Text's StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava()
Solution 9 - Java
Just wanted to contribute my version, using regex:
private static final String UNICODE_REGEX = "\\\\u([0-9a-f]{4})";
private static final Pattern UNICODE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(UNICODE_REGEX);
...
String message = "\u0048\u0065\u006C\u006C\u006F World";
Matcher matcher = UNICODE_PATTERN.matcher(message);
StringBuffer decodedMessage = new StringBuffer();
while (matcher.find()) {
matcher.appendReplacement(
decodedMessage, String.valueOf((char) Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1), 16)));
}
matcher.appendTail(decodedMessage);
System.out.println(decodedMessage.toString());
Solution 10 - Java
For Java 9+, you can use the new replaceAll method of Matcher class.
private static final Pattern UNICODE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\\\u([0-9A-Fa-f]{4})");
public static String unescapeUnicode(String unescaped) {
return UNICODE_PATTERN.matcher(unescaped).replaceAll(r -> String.valueOf((char) Integer.parseInt(r.group(1), 16)));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String originalMessage = "\\u0048\\u0065\\u006C\\u006C\\u006F World";
String unescapedMessage = unescapeUnicode(originalMessage);
System.out.println(unescapedMessage);
}
I believe the main advantage of this approach over unescapeJava by StringEscapeUtils (besides not using an extra library) is that you can convert only the unicode characters (if you wish), since the latter converts all escaped Java characters (like \n or \t). If you prefer to convert all escaped characters the library is really the best option.
Solution 11 - Java
I wrote a performanced and error-proof solution:
public static final String decode(final String in) {
int p1 = in.indexOf("\\u");
if (p1 < 0)
return in;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (true) {
int p2 = p1 + 6;
if (p2 > in.length()) {
sb.append(in.subSequence(p1, in.length()));
break;
}
try {
int c = Integer.parseInt(in.substring(p1 + 2, p1 + 6), 16);
sb.append((char) c);
p1 += 6;
} catch (Exception e) {
sb.append(in.subSequence(p1, p1 + 2));
p1 += 2;
}
int p0 = in.indexOf("\\u", p1);
if (p0 < 0) {
sb.append(in.subSequence(p1, in.length()));
break;
} else {
sb.append(in.subSequence(p1, p0));
p1 = p0;
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
Solution 12 - Java
With Kotlin you can write your own extension function for String
fun String.unescapeUnicode() = replace("\\\\u([0-9A-Fa-f]{4})".toRegex()) {
String(Character.toChars(it.groupValues[1].toInt(radix = 16)))
}
and then
fun main() {
val originalString = "\\u0048\\u0065\\u006C\\u006C\\u006F World"
println(originalString.unescapeUnicode())
}
Solution 13 - Java
try
private static final Charset UTF_8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
private String forceUtf8Coding(String input) {return new String(input.getBytes(UTF_8), UTF_8))}
Solution 14 - Java
one easy way i know using JsonObject:
try {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("string", myString);
String converted = json.getString("string");
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Solution 15 - Java
Here is my solution...
String decodedName = JwtJson.substring(startOfName, endOfName);
StringBuilder builtName = new StringBuilder();
int i = 0;
while ( i < decodedName.length() )
{
if ( decodedName.substring(i).startsWith("\\u"))
{
i=i+2;
builtName.append(Character.toChars(Integer.parseInt(decodedName.substring(i,i+4), 16)));
i=i+4;
}
else
{
builtName.append(decodedName.charAt(i));
i = i+1;
}
};
Solution 16 - Java
Fast
fun unicodeDecode(unicode: String): String {
val stringBuffer = StringBuilder()
var i = 0
while (i < unicode.length) {
if (i + 1 < unicode.length)
if (unicode[i].toString() + unicode[i + 1].toString() == "\\u") {
val symbol = unicode.substring(i + 2, i + 6)
val c = Integer.parseInt(symbol, 16)
stringBuffer.append(c.toChar())
i += 5
} else stringBuffer.append(unicode[i])
i++
}
return stringBuffer.toString()
}
Solution 17 - Java
Actually, I wrote an Open Source library that contains some utilities. One of them is converting a Unicode sequence to String and vise-versa. I found it very useful. Here is the quote from the article about this library about Unicode converter:
> Class StringUnicodeEncoderDecoder has methods that can convert a
> String (in any language) into a sequence of Unicode characters and
> vise-versa. For example a String "Hello World" will be converted into
>
> "\u0048\u0065\u006c\u006c\u006f\u0020 \u0057\u006f\u0072\u006c\u0064"
>
> and may be restored back.
Here is the link to entire article that explains what Utilities the library has and how to get the library to use it. It is available as Maven artifact or as source from Github. It is very easy to use. Open Source Java library with stack trace filtering, Silent String parsing Unicode converter and Version comparison
Solution 18 - Java
@NominSim There may be other character, so I should detect it by length.
private String forceUtf8Coding(String str) {
str = str.replace("\\","");
String[] arr = str.split("u");
StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++){
String a = arr[i];
String b = "";
if (arr[i].length() > 4){
a = arr[i].substring(0, 4);
b = arr[i].substring(4);
}
int hexVal = Integer.parseInt(a, 16);
text.append((char) hexVal).append(b);
}
return text.toString();
}
Solution 19 - Java
UnicodeUnescaper from org.apache.commons:commons-text is also acceptable.
new UnicodeUnescaper().translate("\u0048\u0065\u006C\u006C\u006F World")
returns "Hello World"
Solution 20 - Java
Solution for Kotlin:
val sourceContent = File("test.txt").readText(Charset.forName("windows-1251"))
val result = String(sourceContent.toByteArray())
Kotlin uses UTF-8 everywhere as default encoding.
Method toByteArray() has default argument - Charsets.UTF_8.
Solution 21 - Java
An alternate way of accomplishing this could be to make use of chars() introduced with Java 9, this can be used to iterate over the characters making sure any char which maps to a surrogate code point is passed through uninterpreted. This can be used as:-
String myString = "\u0048\u0065\u006C\u006C\u006F World";
myString.chars().forEach(a -> System.out.print((char)a));
// would print "Hello World"
Solution 22 - Java
I found that many of the answers did not address the issue of "Supplementary Characters". Here is the correct way to support it. No third-party libraries, pure Java implementation.
http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/java/supplementary-142654.html
public static String fromUnicode(String unicode) {
String str = unicode.replace("\\", "");
String[] arr = str.split("u");
StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
int hexVal = Integer.parseInt(arr[i], 16);
text.append(Character.toChars(hexVal));
}
return text.toString();
}
public static String toUnicode(String text) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
int codePoint = text.codePointAt(i);
// Skip over the second char in a surrogate pair
if (codePoint > 0xffff) {
i++;
}
String hex = Integer.toHexString(codePoint);
sb.append("\\u");
for (int j = 0; j < 4 - hex.length(); j++) {
sb.append("0");
}
sb.append(hex);
}
return sb.toString();
}
@Test
public void toUnicode() {
System.out.println(toUnicode("😊"));
System.out.println(toUnicode("🥰"));
System.out.println(toUnicode("Hello World"));
}
// output:
// \u1f60a
// \u1f970
// \u0048\u0065\u006c\u006c\u006f\u0020\u0057\u006f\u0072\u006c\u0064
@Test
public void fromUnicode() {
System.out.println(fromUnicode("\\u1f60a"));
System.out.println(fromUnicode("\\u1f970"));
System.out.println(fromUnicode("\\u0048\\u0065\\u006c\\u006c\\u006f\\u0020\\u0057\\u006f\\u0072\\u006c\\u0064"));
}
// output:
// 😊
// 🥰
// Hello World