BIOS version is exposed through the [SMBIOS][1] tables.  On Linux, we can access this with [`dmidecode`][2] (which requires `root` privileges to run).

To show only BIOS information, use `-t bios` to specify that we only want to see entries of the type BIOS, and `-q` to silence unnecessary output.

    # dmidecode -t bios -q
    BIOS Information
            Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
            Version: 6.00
            Release Date: 02/22/2012
            Address: 0xE72C0
            Runtime Size: 101696 bytes
            ROM Size: 64 kB
            Characteristics:
                    ISA is supported
                    PCI is supported
                    ...
            BIOS Revision: 4.6
            Firmware Revision: 0.0

To get just the BIOS version information, use `-s` to specify certain strings:

    # dmidecode -s bios-vendor
    Phoenix Technologies LTD
    # dmidecode -s bios-version
    6.00
    # dmidecode -s bios-release-date
    02/22/2012





  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_BIOS
  [2]: http://linux.die.net/man/8/dmidecode


You can also `cat /sys/class/dmi/id/bios_version` without having to run `dmidecode` as root.

`/sys/class/dmi/id` contains also other interesting files:

- bios_date
- bios_vendor
- bios_version
- product_family
- product_name
- product_serial
- product_version

A quick overview of them all can be obtained with

    head /sys/class/dmi/id/*

(I use `head` because it prints the name of the file above the first few lines of the file contents.)

you can use dmidecode. dmidecode support following operating systems

    Linux i386, x86-64, ia64
    FreeBSD i386, amd64
    NetBSD i386, amd64
    OpenBSD i386, amd64
    BeOS i386
    Cygwin i386
    Solaris x86
    Haiku i586


http://www.nongnu.org/dmidecode/

try [this][1] 

usage: `dmidecode | less`


  [1]: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/check-bios-version-linux/

I have code snippet in which there is a Angular Modular Controller, but there is a function inside the same controller and with a call, which is raising doubt in my mind that is this way of coding allowed in Javascript or Angular? If Yes then how does it read it? See the below code format I have:

    obj.controller(&#39;CartController&#39;,function($scope){
    
      $scope.totalCart = function(){
    	var total = 10;    	
    	return total;
      }
      function calculate(){
    	...Some Logic..
      }
    
      $scope.$watch($scope.totalCart, calculate);
    )};

Please help me to understand that is this type of function definition and call within a controller allowed in Angular/Javascript?

Function inside the AngularJS Controller

I&#39;m trying to set up some selenium tests to our staging server using Sauce Labs. It&#39;s behind a basic http auth, so theoretically I could set the selenium URL to `http://user:password@www.stagesite.com`. *However,* the password contains a &quot;@&quot;, causing all sorts of problems as you can imagine. I tried escaping it with a backslash but that did nothing from what I can tell.

So,

1. is there an alternative way to do http authentication using selenium, i.e., not via the URL. Or,

2. is there a way to use URL-based auth but somehow tell the browser that the &quot;@&quot; is part of the password?

HTTP basic authentication URL with &quot;@&quot; in password

I want to retrieve the current BIOS version and name while working on the terminal.

What could be the commands to find it?

How to check the BIOS version or name in Linux through a command prompt?

<p>I want to retrieve the current BIOS version and name while working on the terminal.</p>
<p>What could be the commands to find it?</p>


I am having a bit of trouble installing XML and RCurl on my Ubuntu machine 13.10. I performed all sudo update and upgrades today.

I am trying to use rattle for R. I am unable to install &#39;XML&#39; which is required for the use of rattle. This is pretty much the same question that was asked [right here][1] just a year later and a different OS.  Here are the error messages that I am getting back:

    &gt; install.packages(&quot;RCurl&quot;)
    Installing package into ‘/home/steven/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0’
    (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
    trying URL &#39;http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/RCurl_1.95-4.1.tar.gz&#39;
    Content type &#39;application/x-gzip&#39; length 870915 bytes (850 Kb)
    opened URL
    ==================================================
    downloaded 850 Kb
    
    * installing *source* package ‘RCurl’ ...
    ** package ‘RCurl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    checking for curl-config... no
    Cannot find curl-config
    ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘RCurl’
    * removing ‘/home/steven/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0/RCurl’
    Warning in install.packages :
      installation of package ‘RCurl’ had non-zero exit status
    
    The downloaded source packages are in
    	‘/tmp/RtmpUwBkbS/downloaded_packages’
    &gt; install.packages(&quot;XML&quot;)
    Installing package into ‘/home/steven/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0’
    (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
    trying URL &#39;http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/XML_3.98-1.1.tar.gz&#39;
    Content type &#39;application/x-gzip&#39; length 1582216 bytes (1.5 Mb)
    opened URL
    ==================================================
    downloaded 1.5 Mb
    
    * installing *source* package ‘XML’ ...
    ** package ‘XML’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    checking for gcc... gcc
    checking for C compiler default output file name... 
    rm: cannot remove &#39;a.out.dSYM&#39;: Is a directory
    a.out
    checking whether the C compiler works... yes
    checking whether we are cross compiling... no
    checking for suffix of executables... 
    checking for suffix of object files... o
    checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
    checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
    checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
    checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
    checking for sed... /bin/sed
    checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
    checking for xml2-config... no
    Cannot find xml2-config
    ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘XML’
    * removing ‘/home/steven/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.0/XML’
    Warning in install.packages :
      installation of package ‘XML’ had non-zero exit status
    
    The downloaded source packages are in
    	‘/tmp/RtmpUwBkbS/downloaded_packages’

Not too sure on how to proceed from here.

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13846311/non-zero-exit-status-error-downloading-xml-and-rcurl-r-pacakges

&quot;Non Zero Exit Status&quot; R 3.0.1 &#39;XML&#39; and &#39;RCurl&#39;

I&#39;ve entered a command `cd //` instead of `cd /` by mistake and instead of getting an error as I&#39;d expect the shell (Bash) showed a prompt as if I&#39;m in the `//` directory:-

    &lt;username&gt;@&lt;hostname&gt;://$
    &lt;username&gt;@&lt;hostname&gt;://$ pwd
    //

Listing the content of the directory shows that it is the same as `/`.

So what exactly `cd //` do and what&#39;s the difference from `cd /`?


What does double slash // in `cd //` mean in Linux?

I&#39;ve CSV file (around 10,000 rows ; each row having 300 columns) stored on LINUX server. 
I want to break this CSV file into 500 CSV files of 20 records each. (Each having same CSV header as present in original CSV) 

Is there any linux command to help this conversion? 

How to split CSV files as per number of rows specified?

I would like to know whether there is any simple shell command to change the user home directory in Linux/Unix (one similar to **chsh** which changes the default login shell of an existing valid user) without touching the `/etc/passwd` file. Thanks

Command to change the default home directory of a user

I had Screen running inside an SSH session.  Terminal froze.  After restarting Terminal, that Screen session still thinks it&#39;s attached.  Maybe it is.  Perhaps I don&#39;t really know what that means.

I&#39;d like to attach to that Screen session from a fresh SSH login.  I do not want to kill that Screen session as important things are happening over there.  : )

The options I think I have ( none of which I know how to solve ):

- How do I detach that Screen session?
- How do I kill the SSH session that that Screen session is attached to?



How do I force detach Screen from another SSH session?

I&#39;m trying to run karma as part as an *angular-seed* project, after installing karma using

    npm install -g karma

I get:

    &#39;karma&#39; is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.

when i&#39;m trying to run test.bat from angular-client\scripts, the content of this file is:

&gt; set BASE_DIR=%~dp0
&gt;
&gt;karma start &quot;%BASE_DIR%\..\config\karma.conf.js&quot; %*

I also tried to navigate to &quot;\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\karma\bin&quot; and saw karma file, when I&#39;m trying to run it I get again:

&gt;  &#39;karma&#39; is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.

Any suggestions? 
If not please suggest how to use jasmine without karma.

Thanks.

Running karma after installation results in &#39;karma&#39; is not recognized as an internal or external command

Before marking this as duplicate, I went through these posts, but nothing helped.

* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13697874/mvn-is-not-recognized-as-an-internal-or-external-command?rq=1 
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1606174/getting-bash-mvn-command-not-found, 
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20029934/cant-access-mvn-command-from-command-line 

Some are specific to windows and did not help. A couple of them on Mac OS X gave suggestions, that I tried but did not help.

What I tried (this is exactly what `Maven` suggests):

&gt; Extract the distribution archive, i.e. apache-maven-3.1.1-bin.tar.gz
&gt; to the directory you wish to install Maven 3.1.1. These instructions
&gt; assume you chose /usr/local/apache-maven. The subdirectory
&gt; apache-maven-3.1.1 will be created from the archive. In a command
&gt; terminal, add the M2_HOME environment variable, e.g. export
&gt; M2_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven/apache-maven-3.1.1. Add the M2
&gt; environment variable, e.g. export M2=$M2_HOME/bin. Optional: Add the
&gt; MAVEN_OPTS environment variable to specify JVM properties, e.g. export
&gt; MAVEN_OPTS=&quot;-Xms256m -Xmx512m&quot;. This environment variable can be used
&gt; to supply extra options to Maven. Add M2 environment variable to your
&gt; path, e.g. export PATH=$M2:$PATH. Make sure that JAVA_HOME is set to
&gt; the location of your JDK, e.g. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_02
&gt; and that $JAVA_HOME/bin is in your PATH environment variable. Run mvn
&gt; --version to verify that it is correctly installed.

I see that on the `terminal` that I used for installation, it works fine. I do not have this issue. but when I tried on a new `terminal`, I get `command not found`.

I also added `export PATH=$M2` to my `.bashrc`, I did `source` and then restarted the terminal, still it did not help.

can someone suggest how to make it available in all sessions of terminal?

Thanks



mvn command not found in OSX Mavrerick

**How do I discard all git commits that haven&#39;t been pushed and then force git to not commit anything in the data/ directory?**

I&#39;m trying to force overwrite all changes to a project stored on github from my c9.io project.  I accidentally git added some mongodb data files.  I tried to add the data/ directory to .gitignore. I pulled from github to get the updated .gitignore, however when I try and git push, these stubborn files in data/ are still staged for commit.  I also tried git reset, git rebase, git clean and [this](http://www.thisprogrammingthing.com/2013/fixing-the-this-exceeds-githubs-file-size-limit-of-100-mb-error/) where I changed dmpfile.sql to pi/data/node-login.1.

Please help I&#39;ve been at this for hours and I&#39;m really frustrated

    Counting objects: 15, done.
    Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
    Compressing objects: 100% (13/13), done.
    Writing objects: 100% (13/13), 150.22 KiB | 92 KiB/s, done.
    Total 13 (delta 6), reused 0 (delta 0)
    remote: warning: File pi/data/local.0 is 64.00 MB; this is larger than GitHub&#39;s recommended maximum file size of 50 MB
    remote: warning: File pi/data/node-login.0 is 64.00 MB; this is larger than GitHub&#39;s recommended maximum file size of 50 MB
    remote: error: GH001: Large files detected.
    remote: error: Trace: e6ade98208c08b634ed28aefea36dfbb
    remote: error: See http://git.io/iEPt8g for more information.
    remote: error: File pi/data/node-login.1 is 128.00 MB; this exceeds GitHub&#39;s file size limit of 100 MB
    To git@github.com:bobbyg603/goddard.git
     ! [remote rejected] master -&gt; master (pre-receive hook declined)
    error: failed to push some refs to &#39;git@github.com:bobbyg603/goddard.git&#39;

.gitignore:

    lib-cov
    *.seed
    *.log
    *.csv
    *.dat
    *.out
    *.pid
    *.gz

    data/

    pids
    logs
    results

    npm-debug.log
    node_modules

    .project
    .settings

Thanks,
Bobby

Can&#39;t remove file from git commit

I want to run a Python script in Terminal, but I don&#39;t know how? I already have a saved file called gameover.py in the directory &quot;/User/luca/Documents/python&quot;.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	CuriousCase	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Linux	Jonathon Reinhart	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Linux	Marius Gedminas	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Linux	Tharanga Abeyseela	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Linux	Specode	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to check the BIOS version or name in Linux through a command prompt?

Linux Problem Overview

Linux Solutions

Solution 1 - Linux

Solution 2 - Linux

Solution 3 - Linux

Solution 4 - Linux

HTTP basic authentication URL with "@" in password

Function inside the AngularJS Controller

Attributions