The function `all()`, when passed a Boolean vector, will tell you whether all of the values in it are `TRUE`:

    &gt; all(is.na(c(NA, NaN)))
    [1] TRUE
    &gt; all(is.na(c(NA, NaN, 1)))
    [1] FALSE


Say I have a Product model, the Product model has a property of ProductSubType (abstract) and we have two concrete implementations Shirt and Pants.

Here is the source:

     public class Product
     {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public decimal? Price { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public int? ProductType { get; set; }

        public ProductTypeBase SubProduct { get; set; }
    }

    public abstract class ProductTypeBase { }

    public class Shirt : ProductTypeBase
    {
        [Required]
        public string Color { get; set; }
        public bool HasSleeves { get; set; }
    }

    public class Pants : ProductTypeBase
    {
        [Required]
        public string Color { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Size { get; set; }
    }

In my UI, user has a dropdown, they can select the product type and the input elements are displayed according to the right product type. I have all of this figured out (using an ajax get on dropdown change, return a partial/editor template and re-setup the jquery validation accordingly).

Next I created a custom model binder for ProductTypeBase. 

     public override object BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
     {

            ProductTypeBase subType = null;

            var productType = (int)bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(&quot;ProductType&quot;).ConvertTo(typeof(int));

            if (productType == 1)
            {
                var shirt = new Shirt();

                shirt.Color = (string)bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(&quot;SubProduct.Color&quot;).ConvertTo(typeof(string));
                shirt.HasSleeves = (bool)bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(&quot;SubProduct.HasSleeves&quot;).ConvertTo(typeof(bool));

                subType = shirt;
            }
            else if (productType == 2)
            {
                var pants = new Pants();

                pants.Size = (string)bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(&quot;SubProduct.Size&quot;).ConvertTo(typeof(string));
                pants.Color = (string)bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(&quot;SubProduct.Color&quot;).ConvertTo(typeof(string));

                subType = pants;
            }

            return subType;

        }
    }

This binds the values correctly and works for the most part, except I lose the server side validation. So on a hunch that I am doing this incorrectly I did some more searching and came across this answer by Darin Dimitrov:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4012217/asp-net-mvc-2-binding-to-abstract-model

So I switched the model binder to only override CreateModel, but now it doesn&#39;t bind the values.

    protected override object CreateModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Type modelType)
        {
            ProductTypeBase subType = null;

            var productType = (int)bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(&quot;ProductType&quot;).ConvertTo(typeof(int));

            if (productType == 1)
            {
                subType = new Shirt();
            }
            else if (productType == 2)
            {
                subType = new Pants();
            }

            return subType;
        }

Stepping though the MVC 3 src, it seems like in BindProperties, the GetFilteredModelProperties returns an empty result, and I think is because bindingcontext model is set to ProductTypeBase which doesn&#39;t have any properties. 

Can anyone spot what I am doing wrong? This doesn&#39;t seem like it should be this difficult. I am sure I am missing something simple...I have another alternative in mind of instead of having a SubProduct property in the Product model to just have separate properties for Shirt and Pants. These are just View/Form models so I think that would work, but would like to get the current approach working if anything to understand what is going on...

Thanks for any help!

Update:
=======

I didn&#39;t make it clear, but the custom model binder I added, inherits from the DefaultModelBinder

Answer
======

Setting ModelMetadata and Model was the missing piece. Thanks Manas!

 

    protected override object CreateModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Type modelType)
            {
                if (modelType.Equals(typeof(ProductTypeBase))) {
                    Type instantiationType = null;
    
                    var productType = (int)bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(&quot;ProductType&quot;).ConvertTo(typeof(int));
    
                    if (productType == 1) {
                        instantiationType = typeof(Shirt);
                    }
                    else if (productType == 2) {
                        instantiationType = typeof(Pants);
                    }
    
                    var obj = Activator.CreateInstance(instantiationType);
                    bindingContext.ModelMetadata = ModelMetadataProviders.Current.GetMetadataForType(null, instantiationType);
                    bindingContext.ModelMetadata.Model = obj;
                    return obj;
                }
    
                return base.CreateModel(controllerContext, bindingContext, modelType);
    
            }

MVC 3 Model Binding a Sub Type (Abstract Class or Interface)

I am trying to resized a bufferedimage. I am able to store it and show up on a jframe no problems but I can&#39;t seem to resize it. Any tips on how I can change this to make it work and show the image as a 200*200 file would be great    

    private void profPic(){
        String path = factory.getString(&quot;bottle&quot;);
        BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new File(path));
    }


    public static BufferedImage resize(BufferedImage img, int newW, int newH) {  
        int w = img.getWidth();  
        int h = img.getHeight();  
        BufferedImage dimg = new BufferedImage(newW, newH, img.getType());  
        Graphics2D g = dimg.createGraphics();  
        g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,
        RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);  
        g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, newW, newH, 0, 0, w, h, null);  
        g.dispose();  
        return dimg;  
    }  

Bufferedimage resize

How to check if entire vector has no values other than NA (or NAN) in R ?

If I use is.na it returns a vector of TRUE / FALSE.

I need to check if there is single not NA element or not.

How to check if entire vector has no values other than NA (or NAN) in R?

How to check if entire vector has no values other than NA (or NAN) in R ?
If I use is.na it returns a vector of TRUE / FALSE.
I need to check if there is single not NA element or not.

*EDIT: Hadley Wickham points out that I misspoke. R CMD check is throwing NOTES, not Warnings. I&#39;m terribly sorry for the confusion. It was my oversight.*

## The short version

`R CMD check` throws this note every time I use [sensible plot-creation syntax][4] in ggplot2:

    no visible binding for global variable [variable name]

I understand why R CMD check does that, but it seems to be criminalizing an entire vein of otherwise sensible syntax. I&#39;m not sure what steps to take to get my package to pass `R CMD check` and get admitted to CRAN.

## The background

Sascha Epskamp previously posted on [essentially the same issue][1]. The difference, I think, is that `subset()`&#39;s manpage [says it&#39;s designed for interactive use][2].

In my case, the issue is not over `subset()` but over a core feature of `ggplot2`: the `data =` argument.

## An example of code I write that generates these notes

Here&#39;s [a sub-function][4] in [my package][3] that adds points to a plot:

    JitteredResponsesByContrast &lt;- function (data) {
      return(
        geom_point(
                 aes(
                   x = x.values, 
                   y = y.values
                 ),
                 data     = data,
                 position = position_jitter(height = 0, width = GetDegreeOfJitter(jj))
        )
      )
    }

`R CMD check`, on parsing this code, will say

    granovagg.contr : JitteredResponsesByContrast: no visible binding for
      global variable &#39;x.values&#39;
    granovagg.contr : JitteredResponsesByContrast: no visible binding for
      global variable &#39;y.values&#39;


## Why R CMD check is right

The check is technically correct. `x.values` and `y.values`

* Aren&#39;t defined locally in the function `JitteredResponsesByContrast()`
* Aren&#39;t pre-defined in the form `x.values &lt;- [something]` either globally or in the caller.

Instead, they&#39;re variables within a dataframe that gets defined earlier and passed into the function `JitteredResponsesByContrast()`.

## Why ggplot2 makes it difficult to appease R CMD check

ggplot2 seems to encourage the use of a `data` argument. The data argument, presumably, is why this code will execute

    library(ggplot2)
    p &lt;- ggplot(aes(x = hwy, y = cty), data = mpg)
    p + geom_point()
    
but **this** code will produce an object-not-found error:

    library(ggplot2)
    hwy # a variable in the mpg dataset

## Two work-arounds, and why I&#39;m happy with neither

### The NULLing out strategy

[Matthew Dowle recommends][6] setting the problematic variables to NULL first, which in my case would look like this:

    JitteredResponsesByContrast &lt;- function (data) {
      x.values &lt;- y.values &lt;- NULL # Setting the variables to NULL first
      return(
        geom_point(
                 aes(
                   x = x.values, 
                   y = y.values
                 ),
                 data     = data,
                 position = position_jitter(height = 0, width = GetDegreeOfJitter(jj))
        )
      )
    }

I appreciate this solution, but I dislike it for three reasons. 

1. it serves no additional purpose beyond appeasing `R CMD check`.
2. it doesn&#39;t reflect intent. It raises the expectation that the `aes()` call will see our now-NULL variables (it won&#39;t), while obscuring the real purpose (making R CMD check aware of variables it apparently wouldn&#39;t otherwise know were bound)
3. The problems of 1 and 2 multiply because every time you write a function that returns a plot element, you have to add a confusing NULLing statement

### The with() strategy

You can use `with()` to explicitly signal that the variables in question can be found inside some larger environment. In my case, using `with()` looks like this:

    JitteredResponsesByContrast &lt;- function (data) {
      with(data, {
          geom_point(
                   aes(
                     x = x.values, 
                     y = y.values
                   ),
                   data     = data,
                   position = position_jitter(height = 0, width = GetDegreeOfJitter(jj))
          )
        }
      )
    }

This solution works. But, I don&#39;t like this solution because it doesn&#39;t even work the way I would expect it to. If `with()` were really solving the problem of pointing the interpreter to where the variables are, then I shouldn&#39;t even *need* the `data =` argument. But, `with()` doesn&#39;t work that way:

    library(ggplot2)
    p &lt;- ggplot()
    p &lt;- p + with(mpg, geom_point(aes(x = hwy, y = cty)))
    p # will generate an error saying `hwy` is not found
    
So, again, I think this solution has similar flaws to the NULLing strategy:

1. I still have to go through every plot element function and wrap the logic in a `with()` call
2. The `with()` call is misleading. I still need to supply a `data =` argument; all `with()` is doing is appeasing `R CMD check`.

## Conclusion

The way I see it, there are three options I could take:

1. Lobby CRAN to ignore the notes by arguing that they&#39;re &quot;spurious&quot; (pursuant to [CRAN policy][5]), and do that every time I submit a package
2. Fix my code with one of two undesirable strategies (NULLing or `with()` blocks)
3. Hum really loudly and hope the problem goes away

None of the three make me happy, and I&#39;m wondering what people suggest I (and other package developers wanting to tap into ggplot2) should do. 

[1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8096313/no-visible-binding-for-global-variable-note-in-r-cmd-check
[2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8096313/no-visible-binding-for-global-variable-note-in-r-cmd-check/8096456#8096456
[3]: https://github.com/briandk/granovaGG
[4]:  https://github.com/briandk/granovaGG/blob/dev/R/granovagg.contr.R#L254-265
[5]: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/policies.html#Submission
[6]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/8096882/180626






How can I handle R CMD check &quot;no visible binding for global variable&quot; notes when my ggplot2 syntax is sensible?

I have a matrix (2601 by 58) of particulate matter concentration estimates from an air quality model.  Because real-life air quality monitors cannot measure below 0.1 ug/L, I need to replace all values in my matrix that are `&lt;0.1` with a zero/NA/null value. 

Someone suggested `ifelse(test, true, false)` with a logical statement, but when I try this it deletes everything.

Replace all values in a matrix &lt;0.1 with 0

For example, how would I go about entering the value e^2 in R?

R programming: How do I get Euler&#39;s number?

I need to access list names inside the lapply function. I&#39;ve found some threads online where it&#39;s said I should iterate through the names of the list to be able to fetch each list element name in my function:

    &gt; n = names(mylist)
    &gt; mynewlist = lapply(n, function(nameindex, mylist) { return(mylist[[nameindex]]) }, mylist)
    &gt; names(mynewlist)
    NULL
    &gt; names(mynewlist) = n

The problem is that mynewlist loses the original mylist indexes and I have to add that last names() assignment to restore them.

Is there a way to give an explicit index name to each element returned by the lapply function? Or a different way to make sure mynewlist elements have the correct index names set? I feel mynewlist index names could be wrong if lapply does not return the list elements in the same order than mylist.

Access and preserve list names in lapply function

I have a list of about 100 igraph objects with a typical object having about 700 vertices and 3500 edges.

I would like to identify groups of vertices within which ties are more likely.  My plan is to then use a mixed model to predict how many within-group ties vertices have using vertex and group attributes.

Some people may want to respond to other aspects of my project, which would be great, but the thing I&#39;m most interested in is information about functions in igraph for grouping vertices.  I&#39;ve come across these [community detection algorithms][1] but I&#39;m not sure of their advantages and disadvantages, or whether some other function would be better for my case.  I saw the links [here][2] as well, but they aren&#39;t specific to igraph.  Thanks for your advice.


  [1]: http://igraph.sourceforge.net/doc/R/community.structure.html
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/5823371/303400

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Dimitar Slavchev	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - R	Josh O'Brien	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to check if entire vector has no values other than NA (or NAN) in R?

R Problem Overview

R Solutions

Solution 1 - R

Bufferedimage resize

MVC 3 Model Binding a Sub Type (Abstract Class or Interface)

Attributions