You can set the edge color and the face color separately like this:

    frame.set_facecolor(&#39;green&#39;)
    frame.set_edgecolor(&#39;red&#39;)

There&#39;s more information under FancyBboxPatch [here][1]. 


  [1]: http://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html

Using matplotlib.pyplot, `plt.legend(facecolor=&#39;white&#39;, framealpha=1)` will give your legend a white background without transparency.

In addition to **Molly**&#39;s method you can turn the frame off using the linewidth:

    frame.set_linewidth(0)

I used that method in a small convenience function I wrote to hide the legend frames for the same reason you cite.  The function is called `adjust_legends` in the `print_targeted_plots` module available [from github][1].


  [1]: https://github.com/AndrewDDavis/Python-print_targeted_plots

Unfortunately `stripIndent` on a multiline string does not work.
Side note: My IDE code style preferences allow only space indentation (tabs will be replaced by spaces). But I think this should have no matter.

    def s = &quot;&quot;&quot; This 
                is
                multiline
    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    println s.stripIndent()
does not print 

    This
    is
    multiline

 as expected.

The output is with indentation.

    This 
                   is
                   multiline

What is going wrong here?

I use Groovy 2.0.7 with Eclipse Indigo SR2.

The problem seems to disappear with the use of the *backslash* `\` (String continuation character) in first line. But I don&#39;t understand why this is a must.

Strip indent in Groovy multiline strings

Having some issues, now I have read the following:

[hello world python extension in c++ using boost?][1]


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6007185/hello-world-python-extension-in-c-using-boost

I have tried installing boost onto my desktop, and, done as the posts suggested in terms of linking. I have the following code:

    #include &lt;boost/python.hpp&gt;
    #include &lt;Python.h&gt;
    using namespace boost::python;

Now I have tried linking with the following:

    g++ testing.cpp -I /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h -L /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h
    -lpython2.7

And I have tried the following as well:

    g++ testing.cpp -I /home/username/python/include/ -L /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h -lpython2.7

I keep getting the following error:

    /usr/include/boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp:50:23: fatal error: pyconfig.h: No such   
    file or directory
    # include &lt;pyconfig.h&gt;

I don&#39;t know where I am going wrong. I do have boost.python installed, there&#39;s just a problem linking?




Ubuntu - Linking boost.python - Fatal error: pyconfig cannot be found

Is there while `rcParams[&#39;legend.frameon&#39;] = &#39;False&#39;` a simple way to fill the legend area background with a given colour. More specifically I would like the grid not to be seen on the legend area because it disturbs the text reading.

The keyword `framealpha` sounds like what I need but it doesn&#39;t change anything.

    import matplotlib as mpl
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    mpl.rcParams[&#39;legend.frameon&#39;] = &#39;False&#39;
    plt.plot(range(5), label = u&quot;line&quot;)
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.legend(loc = best)
    plt.show()

I&#39;ve also tried: 

    legend = plt.legend(frameon = 1)
    frame = legend.get_frame()
    frame.set_color(&#39;white&#39;)

but then I need to ask how can I change the background colour while keeping the frame on? Sometimes I want it ON with a background colour other than white. And also, is there a way of changing the colour of the frame? With the above code I was expecting to change the colour of the frame only, not the background.

How to change the legend edgecolor and facecolor in matplotlib

Is there while <code>rcParams['legend.frameon'] = 'False'</code> a simple way to fill the legend area background with a given colour. More specifically I would like the grid not to be seen on the legend area because it disturbs the text reading.
The keyword <code>framealpha</code> sounds like what I need but it doesn't change anything.
<pre><code class="hljs language-python">import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
mpl.rcParams['legend.frameon'] = 'False'
plt.plot(range(5), label = u"line")
plt.grid(True)
plt.legend(loc = best)
plt.show()
</code></pre>
I've also tried:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">legend = plt.legend(frameon = 1)
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_color('white')
</code></pre>
but then I need to ask how can I change the background colour while keeping the frame on? Sometimes I want it ON with a background colour other than white. And also, is there a way of changing the colour of the frame? With the above code I was expecting to change the colour of the frame only, not the background.

I am new to django-1.6. When I run the django server with `DEBUG = True`, it&#39;s running perfectly. But when I change `DEBUG` to `False` in the settings file, then the server stopped and it gives the following error on the command prompt:

    CommandError: You must set settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS if DEBUG is False.

After I changed `ALLOWED_HOSTS` to `[&quot;http://127.0.0.1:8000&quot;,]`, in the browser I get the error:

    Bad Request (400)

Is it possible to run Django without debug mode?

Django gives Bad Request (400) when DEBUG = False

I have installed [OpenCV][1] on the Occidentalis operating system (a variant of Raspbian) on a Raspberry Pi, using jayrambhia&#39;s script found [here][2]. It installed version 2.4.5.

When I try `import cv2` in a Python program, I get the following message:
    
    pi@raspberrypi~$ python cam.py
    Traceback (most recent call last)
    File &quot;cam.py&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
        import cv2
    ImportError: No module named cv2

The file `cv2.so` is stored in `/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/...`

There are also folders in `/usr/local/lib` called python3.2 and python2.6, which could be a problem but I&#39;m not sure.

Is this a path error perhaps? Any help is appreciated, I am new to Linux.


  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCV
  [2]: https://github.com/jayrambhia/Install-OpenCV/blob/master/Ubuntu/opencv_latest.sh

Cannot find module cv2 when using OpenCV

I am trying to use a Python package called bidi. In a module in this package (algorithm.py) there are some lines that give me error, although it is part of the package.

Here are the lines:

    # utf-8 ? we need unicode
    if isinstance(unicode_or_str, unicode):
        text = unicode_or_str
        decoded = False
    else:
        text = unicode_or_str.decode(encoding)
        decoded = True

and here is the error message:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;&lt;pyshell#25&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
        bidi_text = get_display(reshaped_text)
      File &quot;C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\python_bidi-0.3.4-py3.3.egg\bidi\algorithm.py&quot;,   line 602, in get_display
        if isinstance(unicode_or_str, unicode):
    NameError: global name &#39;unicode&#39; is not defined

How should I re-write this part of the code so it works in Python3?
Also if anyone have used bidi package with Python 3 please let me know if they have found similar problems or not. I appreciate your help.


NameError: global name &#39;unicode&#39; is not defined - in Python 3

I have a program that interacts with the user (acts like a shell), and I want to run it using the Python subprocess module interactively.
That means, I want the possibility to write to standard input and immediately get the output from standard output. I tried many solutions offered here, but none of them seems to work for my needs.

The code I&#39;ve written is based on *https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11457931/running-an-interactive-command-from-within-python*.

    import Queue
    import threading
    import subprocess
    def enqueue_output(out, queue):
        for line in iter(out.readline, b&#39;&#39;):
            queue.put(line)
        out.close()

    def getOutput(outQueue):
        outStr = &#39;&#39;
        try:
            while True: # Adds output from the queue until it is empty
                outStr += outQueue.get_nowait()

        except Queue.Empty:
            return outStr

    p = subprocess.Popen(&quot;./a.out&quot;, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize = 1)
    #p = subprocess.Popen(&quot;./a.out&quot;, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False, universal_newlines=True)

    outQueue = Queue()
    errQueue = Queue()

    outThread = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stdout, outQueue))
    errThread = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stderr, errQueue))

    outThread.daemon = True
    errThread.daemon = True

    outThread.start()
    errThread.start()

    p.stdin.write(&quot;1\n&quot;)
    p.stdin.flush()
    errors = getOutput(errQueue)
    output = getOutput(outQueue)

    p.stdin.write(&quot;5\n&quot;)
    p.stdin.flush()
    erros = getOutput(errQueue)
    output = getOutput(outQueue)

The problem is that the queue remains empty, as if there is no output.
Only if I write to standard input all the input that the program needs to execute and terminate, then I get the output (which is not what I want). For example, if I do something like:

    p.stdin.write(&quot;1\n5\n&quot;)
    errors = getOutput(errQueue)
    output = getOutput(outQueue)

Is there a way to do what I want to do?

&lt;hr/&gt;

The script will run on a Linux machine. I changed my script and deleted the universal_newlines=True + set the bufsize to 1 and flushed standard input immediately after write. Still I don&#39;t get any output.

**Second try:**

I tried this solution and it works for me:

    from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

    fw = open(&quot;tmpout&quot;, &quot;wb&quot;)
    fr = open(&quot;tmpout&quot;, &quot;r&quot;)
    p = Popen(&quot;./a.out&quot;, stdin = PIPE, stdout = fw, stderr = fw, bufsize = 1)
    p.stdin.write(&quot;1\n&quot;)
    out = fr.read()
    p.stdin.write(&quot;5\n&quot;)
    out = fr.read()
    fw.close()
    fr.close()


Interactive input/output using Python

In _PyCharm_, I&#39;ve added the Python environment `/usr/bin/python`. However,

    from gnuradio import gr

fails as an _undefined reference_. However, it works fine in the Python interpreter from the command line. 

GNURadio works fine with python outside of Pycharm. Everything is installed and configured how I want it.

Gnuradio is located at `/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gnuradio`

Also:
&gt; PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gnuradio

How do I use installed packages in PyCharm?

I have a 1 dimensional array. I can compute the &quot;mean&quot; and &quot;standard deviation&quot; of this sample and plot the &quot;Normal distribution&quot; but I have a problem:

I want to plot the data and Normal distribution in the same figure.

I dont know how to plot both the data and the normal distribution.

Any Idea about &quot;Gaussian probability density function in scipy.stats&quot;?

    s = np.std(array)
    m = np.mean(array)
    plt.plot(norm.pdf(array,m,s))



Fitting a Normal distribution to 1D data

The code below produces gaps between the subplots.  How do I remove the gaps between the subplots and make the image a tight grid?

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    for i in range(16):
        i = i + 1
        ax1 = plt.subplot(4, 4, i)
        plt.axis(&#39;on&#39;)
        ax1.set_xticklabels([])
        ax1.set_yticklabels([])
        ax1.set_aspect(&#39;equal&#39;)
        plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=None, hspace=None)
    plt.show()


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/uBn4j.png

How to remove gaps between subplots in matplotlib

I&#39;d like to make a scatter plot where each point is colored by the spatial density of nearby points.  

I&#39;ve come across a very similar question, which shows an example of this using R:
 
https://stackoverflow.com/q/17093935/2983551

What&#39;s the best way to accomplish something similar in python using matplotlib?

How can I make a scatter plot colored by density in matplotlib?

I have two lists, dates and values. I want to plot them using matplotlib. The following creates a scatter plot of my data.

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    plt.scatter(dates,values)
    plt.show()


`plt.plot(dates, values)` creates a line graph.

But what I really want is a scatterplot where the points are connected by a line.

Similar to in R:

    plot(dates, values)
    lines(dates, value, type=&quot;l&quot;)
, which gives me a scatterplot of points overlaid with a line connecting the points.

How do I do this in python?

Matplotlib connect scatterplot points with line - Python

I have installed Python 2.5.4, Numpy 1.5.0 win32, Matplotlib 1.0.0 win32, pywin32 218. Still not able to plot graphs in Python. Here is the error I am getting :

          import pylab
       File &quot;C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\pylab.py&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
          from matplotlib.pylab import *
       File &quot;C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pylab.py&quot;, line 216, in &lt;module&gt;
          from matplotlib import mpl  # pulls in most modules
       File &quot;C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\mpl.py&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
          from matplotlib import artist
       File &quot;C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py&quot;, line 6, in &lt;module&gt;
          from transforms import Bbox, IdentityTransform, TransformedBbox, TransformedPath
       File &quot;C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\transforms.py&quot;, line 34, in &lt;module&gt;
          from matplotlib._path import affine_transform
    ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

Please kindly help.. 

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	user1850133	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Molly	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	oveoyas	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	spinup	View Answer on Stackoverflow

How to change the legend edgecolor and facecolor in matplotlib

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Solution 3 - Python

Ubuntu - Linking boost.python - Fatal error: pyconfig cannot be found

Strip indent in Groovy multiline strings

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